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Other disclosures: AFS: Consultant DePuy Synthes Spine, Ethicon, Globus Medical, Medical Device Business Services, Mirus, NuVasive, Orthofix, Stryker, ZimVie. Royalties NuVasive, Zimvie. JMP: Consultant DePuy Synthes Spine, NuVasive, ZimVie. SWH: Stocks\/options: Auctus.\u00a0SMP, AQ, and SPS report no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by Western IRB (#1161547).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}