{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:11:02Z","timestamp":1786983062033,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006034","name":"University of Southern California","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006034","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spine Deform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This purpose of this study was to assess the impact of patient and implant characteristics on LIV selection in ambulatory children with EOS and to assess the relationship between the touched vertebrae (TV), the last substantially touched vertebrae (LSTV), the stable vertebrae (SV), the sagittal stable vertebrae (SSV), and the LIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicenter pediatric spine database was queried for patients ages 2\u201310\u00a0years treated by growth friendly instrumentation with at least 2-year follow up. The relationship between the LIV and preoperative spinal height, curve magnitude, and implant type were assessed. The relationships between the TV, LSTV, SV, SSV, and the LIV were also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 281 patients met inclusion criteria. The LIV was at L3 or below in most patients with a lumbar LIV: L1 (9.2%), L2 (20.2%), L3 (40.9%), L4 (29.5%). Smaller T1\u2009\u2212\u2009T12 length was associated with more caudal LIV selection (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). Larger curve magnitudes were similarly associated with more caudal LIV selection (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Implant type was not associated with LIV selection (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.32) including MCGR actuator length (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.829). The LIV was caudal to the TV in 78% of patients with a TV at L2 or above compared to only 17% of patients with a TV at L3 or below (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most EOS patients have an LIV of L3 or below and display TV\u2013LIV and LSTV\u2013LIV incongruence. These findings suggest that at the end of treatment, EOS patients rarely have the potential for selective thoracic fusion. Further work is necessary to assess the potential for a more selective approach to LIV selection in EOS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>III.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-024-00842-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T16:01:38Z","timestamp":1711036898000},"page":"1145-1153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lowest instrumented vertebrae in early onset scoliosis: is there a role for a more selective approach?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0632-3367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Heffernan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Leonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay M.","family":"Andras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bailli","family":"Fontenot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua M.","family":"Pahys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter F.","family":"Sturm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George H.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Glotzbecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler A.","family":"Tetreault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin D.","family":"Roye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Pediatric Spine Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"842_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318202bfcd","volume":"31","author":"MA Erickson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Erickson MA, Baulesh DM (2011) Lowest instrumented vertebra selection in AIS. 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Andras, MD: Eli Lilly: Stock or stock Options; Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics: Editorial or governing board; Nuvasive: Paid consultant; Paid presenter or speaker; Orthobullets: Publishing royalties, financial or material support; Orthopediatrics: Royalties; Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America: Board or committee member; Scoliosis Research Society: Board or committee member; Zimmer Biomet: Paid presenter or speaker. Joshua M. Pahys, MD: DePuy: Paid consultant\/advisor; Nuvasive: Paid consultant\/advisor; Zimmer Biomet: Paid consultant\/advisor. John T. Smith, MD: Globus Medical: Paid consultant\/advisor, Royalties; Orthopediatrics: Paid speaker; Wishbone Medical: Paid consultant\/advisor. Peter F. Sturm, MD: Biedermann-Motech: Paid consultant\/advisor; Green Sun Medical: Stock or stock options; Nuvasive: Paid consultant\/advisor. George H. Thompson, MD: OrthoPediatrics: Royalties, paid speaker, paid consultant\/advisor; Wolters Kluwer Health: Executive Editor, JPO. Michael P. Glotzbecker, MD: DePuy Synthes: Paid consultant\/advisor; Johnson Medical: Paid consultant\/advisor; Nuvasive: Paid consultant\/advisor; Orthobullets: Stock or stock options. Pediatric Spine Study Group: DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: Research support; Food and Drug Administration: Research support; Globus Medical: Research support; Growing Spine Foundation: Research support; Nuvasive: Research support; OrthoPediatrics: Research Support; Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America: Research support; Pediatric Spine Foundation: Research support; Zimmer Biomet: Research support. Ying Li, MD: Medtronic: Paid consultant\/advisor. Authors Michael J. Heffernan, Claudia Leonardi, Bailli Fontenot, Luke Drake, Tyler A. Tetreault, and Benjamin D. Roye have nothing to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study has been carried out with approval from the Institutional Review Board at Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Both a waiver of consent was granted and informed consent was obtained in this registry.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}