{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T21:01:24Z","timestamp":1779915684527,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spine Deform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is the compression of the third portion of the duodenum between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. Although multifactorial, the most frequent cause of SMA syndrome is significant weight loss and cachexia often induced by catabolic stress. SMA syndrome resulting from scoliosis surgery is caused by a reduction of the aortomesenteric angle and distance. Risk factors include rapid weight loss, malnutrition, and a rapid reduction in the mesenteric fat pad and are the most common causes of a decrease in the aortomesenteric angle and distance. Surgically lengthening the vertebral column can also lead to a reduction of the aortomesenteric distance, therefore, has been identified as a risk factor unique to spinal surgery. Despite a reported decline in SMA syndrome cases due to improved surgical techniques, duodenal compression is still a risk and remains a life-threatening complication of scoliosis surgery. This article is a cumulative review of the evidence of being underweight or having a low body mass index as risk factors for developing SMA syndrome following surgical scoliosis instrumentation and correction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-024-00929-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T10:01:57Z","timestamp":1721815317000},"page":"1529-1543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association between underweight status or low body mass index and the risk of developing superior mesenteric artery syndrome following scoliosis corrective surgery in pediatric patients: a review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5254-0779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lyssa","family":"Lamport","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon-Paul","family":"DiMauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephani","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"929_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjz054","author":"D Chrysikos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chrysikos D et al (2019) Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: a rare case of upper gastrointestinal obstruction. J Surg Case Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jscr\/rjz054","journal-title":"J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"929_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/TIN.0000000000000090","volume":"32","author":"KL Thompson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thompson KL et al (2017) Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: A Nutrition-Focused Clinical Update. Top Clin Nutr 32:2","journal-title":"Top Clin Nutr"},{"key":"929_CR3","volume-title":"StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing Copyright","author":"N Van Horne","year":"2023","unstructured":"Van Horne N, Jackson JP (2023) Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome. In: Jackson JP et al (eds) StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing Copyright. StatPearls Publishing LLC"},{"issue":"8","key":"929_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.4297\/najms.2010.2392","volume":"2","author":"R Singal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Singal R et al (2010) Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A case report. N Am J Med Sci 2(8):392\u2013394","journal-title":"N Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"929_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2021.03.032","volume":"76","author":"Y Fan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fan Y et al (2021) Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Following Scoliosis Surgery: A Systematic Review of Case Reports. Ann Vasc Surg 76:514\u2013535","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"929_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2017.03.018","volume":"34","author":"A Salem","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salem A et al (2017) Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A diagnosis to be kept in mind (Case report and literature review). Int J Surg Case Rep 34:84\u201386","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"929_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-008-0695-4","volume":"13","author":"ND Merrett","year":"2009","unstructured":"Merrett ND et al (2009) Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: diagnosis and treatment strategies. J Gastrointest Surg 13(2):287\u2013292","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"929_CR8","first-page":"24","volume":"9","author":"MG Tiruvuri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tiruvuri MG, Reddy MN (2022) A Rare Case of Wilkie\u2019s Syndrome or Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome. IAIM 9(5):24\u201329","journal-title":"IAIM"},{"issue":"2","key":"929_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1159\/000431307","volume":"9","author":"V Zaraket","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zaraket V, Deeb L (2015) Wilkie\u2019s Syndrome or Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: Fact or Fantasy? Case Rep Gastroenterol 9(2):194\u2013199","journal-title":"Case Rep Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"929_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-200093060-00014","volume":"93","author":"U Baltazar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Baltazar U et al (2000) Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction. South Med J 93(6):606\u2013608","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"9","key":"929_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3188","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-019-02066-4","volume":"44","author":"ES Warncke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Warncke ES et al (2019) Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: a radiographic review. Abdom Radiol (NY) 44(9):3188\u20133194","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"issue":"4","key":"929_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2005.01456.x","volume":"257","author":"S Neri","year":"2005","unstructured":"Neri S et al (2005) Ultrasound imaging in diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome. J Intern Med 257(4):346\u2013351","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"929_CR13","first-page":"35","volume":"161","author":"B Mauceri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mauceri B et al (2010) Ultrasound in diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Clin Ter 161(1):35\u201337","journal-title":"Clin Ter"},{"issue":"1","key":"929_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-6720201600010020","volume":"29","author":"A Kefeli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kefeli A et al (2016) WILKIE\u2019S SYNDROME: A RARE CAUSE OF INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Arq Bras Cir Dig 29(1):68","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cir Dig"},{"issue":"5","key":"929_CR15","volume":"13","author":"T Akashi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akashi T, Hashimoto R, Funakoshi A (2021) Effect of a Novel, Energy-Dense, Low-Volume Nutritional Food in the Treatment of Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome. Cureus 13(5):e15243","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"929_CR16","first-page":"4607440","volume":"2022","author":"A Sabry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sabry A et al (2022) Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Managed with Laparoscopic Duodenojejunostomy. Minim Invasive Surg 2022:4607440","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Surg"},{"key":"929_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjpso.2023.100065","volume":"4","author":"CA Mauney","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mauney CA et al (2023) Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy for the treatment of pediatric superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A case series. Journal of Pediatric Surgery Open 4:100065","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery Open"},{"key":"929_CR18","first-page":"8301025","volume":"2016","author":"Y Pillay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pillay Y (2016) Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: A Case Report of Two Surgical Options, Duodenal Derotation and Duodenojejunostomy. Case Rep Vasc Med 2016:8301025","journal-title":"Case Rep Vasc Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"929_CR19","first-page":"1","volume":"2016","author":"FJ Bohanon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bohanon FJ et al (2016) A Case Series of Laparoscopic Duodenojejunostomy for the Treatment of Pediatric Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome. Int J Surg Res 2016(Suppl 1):1\u20135","journal-title":"Int J Surg Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"929_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2014.1409","volume":"149","author":"BJ Pottorf","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pottorf BJ et al (2014) Laparoscopic Management of Duodenal Obstruction Resulting From Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome. JAMA Surg 149(12):1319\u20131322","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"929_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0000000000000050","volume":"23","author":"DJ Lam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lam DJ et al (2014) Superior mesenteric artery syndrome following surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a case series, review of the literature, and an algorithm for management. J Pediatr Orthop B 23(4):312\u2013318","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"issue":"1","key":"929_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2008.2.1.27","volume":"2","author":"JY Kim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim JY et al (2008) Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome following Surgical Correction of Scoliosis. Asian Spine J 2(1):27\u201333","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"issue":"5","key":"929_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200309000-00018","volume":"23","author":"MA Shah","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shah MA et al (2003) Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in scoliosis surgery: weight percentile for height as an indicator of risk. J Pediatr Orthop 23(5):665\u2013668","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"929_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31816b6b9a","volume":"22","author":"BG Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith BG, Hakim-Zargar M, Thomson JD (2009) Low body mass index: a risk factor for superior mesenteric artery syndrome in adolescents undergoing spinal fusion for scoliosis. J Spinal Disord Tech 22(2):144\u2013148","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"21","key":"929_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i21.3307","volume":"11","author":"ZZ Zhu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhu ZZ, Qiu Y (2005) Superior mesenteric artery syndrome following scoliosis surgery: its risk indicators and treatment strategy. World J Gastroenterol 11(21):3307\u20133310","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"929_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230949902094501","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499020945014","volume":"28","author":"WH Chung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chung WH et al (2020) Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A rare complication of scoliosis corrective surgery. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 28(3):2309499020945014","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"issue":"2","key":"929_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2017.06.09","volume":"3","author":"K Maharajan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maharajan K, Thambiah JS (2017) Unusual delayed presentation of superior mesenteric artery syndrome following scoliosis correction surgery-a case report and review of literature. J Spine Surg 3(2):272\u2013277","journal-title":"J Spine Surg"},{"issue":"19","key":"929_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000181059.83265.b2","volume":"30","author":"H Altiok","year":"2005","unstructured":"Altiok H et al (2005) The superior mesenteric artery syndrome in patients with spinal deformity. Spine 30(19):2164\u20132170","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"929_CR29","first-page":"263","volume":"18","author":"AI Tsirikos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tsirikos AI, Jeans LA (2005) Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in children and adolescents with spine deformities undergoing corrective surgery. J Spinal Disord Tech 18(3):263\u2013271","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"10","key":"929_CR30","first-page":"2252","volume":"88","author":"SV Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun SV, Hedden DM, Howard AW (2006) Superior mesenteric artery syndrome following spinal deformity correction. J Bone Joint Surg Am 88(10):2252\u20132257","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"929_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0b013e32826d1d9b","volume":"16","author":"R Hod-Feins","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hod-Feins R et al (2007) Superior mesenteric artery syndrome after scoliosis repair surgery: a case study and reassessment of the syndrome\u2019s pathogenesis. J Pediatr Orthop B 16(5):345\u2013349","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"issue":"1","key":"929_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1960-x","volume":"21","author":"W Wei-Jun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wei-Jun W et al (2012) Abnormal anthropometric measurements and growth pattern in male adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Spine J 21(1):77\u201383","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"929_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2465-y","volume":"22","author":"M Ram\u00edrez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez M et al (2013) Body composition in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Spine J 22(2):324\u2013329","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"929_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3622-2","volume":"24","author":"RC Tarrant","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tarrant RC et al (2015) Anthropometric characteristics, high prevalence of undernutrition and weight loss: impact on outcomes in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis after spinal fusion. Eur Spine J 24(2):281\u2013289","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"929_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000081","volume":"39","author":"RC Tarrant","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tarrant RC et al (2014) Low body mass index in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: relationship with pre- and postsurgical factors. Spine 39(2):140\u2013148","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"7","key":"929_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-007-0238-9","volume":"29","author":"H Ozkurt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ozkurt H et al (2007) Measurement of the distance and angle between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery: normal values in different BMI categories. Surg Radiol Anat 29(7):595\u2013599","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"24","key":"929_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E528","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200212150-00023","volume":"27","author":"MA Crowther","year":"2002","unstructured":"Crowther MA, Webb PJ, Eyre-Brook IA (2002) Superior mesenteric artery syndrome following surgery for scoliosis. Spine 27(24):E528\u2013E533","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"7","key":"929_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E293","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e318286b8f6","volume":"26","author":"BP Qian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Qian BP et al (2013) Anatomic relationship between superior mesenteric artery and aorta before and after surgical correction of thoracolumbar kyphosis. J Spinal Disord Tech 26(7):E293\u2013E298","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"5","key":"929_CR39","first-page":"67","volume":"7","author":"SPR Voleti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Voleti SPR, Sridhar J (2017) Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome after Kyphosis Correction - A Case Report. J Orthop Case Rep 7(5):67\u201370","journal-title":"J Orthop Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"929_CR40","first-page":"E124","volume":"46","author":"PK Louie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Louie PK et al (2017) Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome as a Complication of Scoliosis Surgery. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 46(2):E124-e130","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"key":"929_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-219378","author":"MN Albano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Albano MN et al (2017) Increase body weight to treat superior mesenteric artery syndrome. BMJ Case Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2017-219378","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"929_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2023.07.083","volume":"57","author":"Y Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu Y et al (2023) Association of preoperative hypoprotein malnutrition with spinal postoperative complications and other conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 57:448\u2013458","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"1","key":"929_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0000000000000543","volume":"28","author":"MR Boylan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boylan MR et al (2019) Costs and complications of increased length of stay following adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery. J Pediatr Orthop B 28(1):27\u201331","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"issue":"6","key":"929_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002911","volume":"126","author":"M Scott","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scott M, Martindale R (2018) Perioperative Nutrition: A High-Impact, Low-Risk. Low-Cost Intervention Anesth Analg 126(6):1803\u20131804","journal-title":"Low-Cost Intervention Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"5","key":"929_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.01.001","volume":"21","author":"B Debono","year":"2021","unstructured":"Debono B et al (2021) Consensus statement for perioperative care in lumbar spinal fusion: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS\u00ae) Society recommendations. Spine J 21(5):729\u2013752","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"929_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2022.101944","volume":"31","author":"T Bansal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bansal T, Sharan AD, Garg B (2022) Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in spine surgery. J Clin Orthop Trauma 31:101944","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"929_CR47","first-page":"235","volume":"280","author":"CA Karls","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karls CA et al (2021) Prevalence of malnutrition and its associated outcomes in pediatric patients with scoliosis undergoing elective posterior spinal fusion or spine growth modulation - a retrospective review. Stud Health Technol Inform 280:235\u2013240","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"929_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051270","volume":"15","author":"MV Raval","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raval MV et al (2023) Key Strategies for Optimizing Pediatric Perioperative Nutrition-Insight from a Multidisciplinary Expert Panel. Nutrients 15:1270","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"929_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.14797\/mdcvj.1248","volume":"19","author":"RM Sanchez Leon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sanchez Leon RM, Rajaraman A, Kubwimana MN (2023) Optimizing Nutritional Status of Patients Prior to Major Surgical Intervention. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 19:85\u201396","journal-title":"Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J"},{"issue":"14","key":"929_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002992","volume":"44","author":"B Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu B et al (2019) Multimodal Nutritional Management in Primary Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Spine 44(14):967\u2013974","journal-title":"Spine"}],"container-title":["Spine Deformity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43390-024-00929-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43390-024-00929-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43390-024-00929-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T15:06:44Z","timestamp":1729696004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43390-024-00929-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-024-00929-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-134X","2212-1358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-134X","type":"print"},{"value":"2212-1358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"We did not need ethical approval for this study as all data was publicly available.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}