{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:29:41Z","timestamp":1791235781508,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003359","name":"Scoliosis Research Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["889914"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["889914"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spine Deform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) presents various challenges, including respiratory symptoms that impact pulmonary function. This study aims to explore the feasibility of using a smart shirt for continuous monitoring of lung volumes and heart rate during routine activities in AIS patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A single-center exploratory feasibility study was conducted with AIS patients aged 16\u201322\u00a0years with a thoracic curvature of\u2009\u2265\u200930 degrees and absence of respiratory comorbidities. A smart shirt was utilized to continuously monitor cardiopulmonary parameters during mild exercise, which included a standardized walking route with the ascent of multiple stairs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Five participants completed the study. Baseline spirometry measurements showed a range of values for forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1\u00a0s (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>), and FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC ratio. During mild exercise, participants exhibited variability in tidal volume, heart rate, breathing rate, and minute ventilation, with increases observed during stair climbing. Breathlessness levels also varied throughout the activity but did not correlate with the measured lung volumes. Overall, the use of the smart shirt for assessing pulmonary function in AIS patients was deemed feasible and well tolerated by participants during the test activities.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study confirms the feasibility of using a smart shirt for continuous measurement of cardiopulmonary parameters in AIS patients during daily activities. Incongruities between spirometry results and perceived dyspnea exists, which questions the nature of the perceived dyspnea. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore the impact of AIS characteristics on measurement accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-024-00938-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T16:02:16Z","timestamp":1722441736000},"page":"101-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pulmonary function in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: an explorative study of a wearable smart shirt as a measurement instrument"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9381-7981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Te Hennepe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6585-4908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V. L. J. M.","family":"Steegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2253-0227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. H.","family":"Pouw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6971-7892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Roukema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3506-1212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"De Kleuver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9376-3714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. L.","family":"Van Hooff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"938_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2006.04.009","author":"AC Koumbourlis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koumbourlis AC (2006) Scoliosis and the respiratory system. Paediatr Respir Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prrv.2006.04.009","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"938_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163050-00003","author":"SL Weinstein","year":"1981","unstructured":"Weinstein SL, Zavala DC, Ponseti IV (1981) Idiopathic scoliosis Long-term follow-up and prognosis in untreated patients. J Bone Jt Surg Ser A. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-198163050-00003","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Ser A"},{"key":"938_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2017.1371371","author":"M de Kleuver","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Kleuver M, Faraj SSA, Holewijn RM et al (2017) Defining a core outcome set for adolescent and young adult patients with a spinal deformity. Acta Orthop. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17453674.2017.1371371","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"7","key":"938_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.12.011","volume":"22","author":"DHR Kempen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kempen DHR, Heemskerk JL, Ka\u00e7maz G et al (2022) Pulmonary function in children and adolescents with untreated idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review with meta-regression analysis. Spine J 22(7):1178\u20131190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.12.011","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"938_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-7-7","author":"T Tsiligiannis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsiligiannis T, Grivas T (2012) Pulmonary function in children with idiopathic scoliosis. Scoliosis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1748-7161-7-7","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"938_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00025509","author":"J Mart\u00ednez-Llorens","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Llorens J, Ram\u00edrez M, Colomina MJ et al (2010) Muscle dysfunction and exercise limitation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Respir J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00025509","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"8","key":"938_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06383-x","volume":"29","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhou B, Yang X et al (2020) Computed tomography-based bronchial tree three-dimensional reconstruction and airway resistance evaluation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Eur spine J 29(8):1981\u20131992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-020-06383-x","journal-title":"Eur spine J"},{"key":"938_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200209150-00014","author":"LG Lenke","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lenke LG, White DK, Kemp JS, Bridwell KH, Blanke KM, Engsberg JR (2002) Evaluation of ventilatory efficiency during exercise in patients with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing spinal fusion. Spine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200209150-00014","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"938_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2020.1786267","volume":"3674","author":"ML Van Hooff","year":"2020","unstructured":"Van Hooff ML, Te Hennepe N, De Kleuver M (2020) Pulmonary function in patients with spinal deformity: have we been ignorant? Acta Orthop 3674:3\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17453674.2020.1786267","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"7","key":"938_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07204-z","volume":"31","author":"N Te Hennepe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Te Hennepe N, Faraj SSA, Pouw MH, de Kleuver M, van Hooff ML (2022) Pulmonary symptoms in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review to identify patient-reported and clinical measurement instruments. Eur spine J 31(7):1916\u20131923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-022-07204-z","journal-title":"Eur spine J"},{"issue":"6","key":"938_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318425ee","volume":"27","author":"CJ Adam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Adam CJ, Cargill SC, Askin GN (2007) Computed tomographic-based volumetric reconstruction of the pulmonary system in scoliosis: trends in lung volume and lung volume asymmetry with spinal curve severity. J Pediatr Orthop 27(6):677\u2013681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318425ee","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"938_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.136223","volume":"48","author":"DK Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee DK, Chun EM, Suh SW, Yang JH, Shim SS (2014) Evaluation of postoperative change in lung volume in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Measured by computed tomography. Indian J Orthop 48(4):360\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5413.136223","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"issue":"8","key":"938_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E396","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000161","volume":"29","author":"Y Wen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wen Y, Kai S, Yong-Gang Z, Guo-Quan Z, Tian-Xiang D (2016) Relationship between lung volume and pulmonary function in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: computed tomographic-based 3-dimensional volumetric reconstruction of lung parenchyma. Clin Spine Surg 29(8):E396-400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000161","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"938_CR14","unstructured":"Hexoskin health sensors and AI. https:\/\/hexoskin.com\/pages\/hexoskin-proshirt-for-longitudinal-clinical-studies-stress-monitoring-performance-training. Accessed 12 Dec 2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"938_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805","volume":"26","author":"MR Miller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V et al (2005) Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J 26(2):319\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"938_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1590ST","author":"BL Graham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Graham BL, Steenbruggen I, Barjaktarevic IZ et al (2019) Standardization of spirometry 2019 update an official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society technical statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201908-1590ST","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"938_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.2340\/1650197719702239298","volume":"2","author":"G Borg","year":"1970","unstructured":"Borg G (1970) Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress. Scand J Rehabil Med 2(2):92\u201398","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"938_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012","volume":"14","author":"GA Borg","year":"1982","unstructured":"Borg GA (1982) Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 14(5):377\u2013381","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"938_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp\/books\/12961_32","author":"H Ranu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ranu H, Wilde M, Madden B (2011) Pulmonary function tests. Ulster Med J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5005\/jp\/books\/12961_32","journal-title":"Ulster Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"938_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00046906","volume":"29","author":"P Palange","year":"2007","unstructured":"Palange P, Ward SA, Carlsen K-H et al (2007) Recommendations on the use of exercise testing in clinical practice. Eur Respir J 29(1):185\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00046906","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"938_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312","author":"PH Quanjer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Quanjer PH, Stanojevic S, Cole TJ et al (2012) Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3\u201395-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations. Eur Respir J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00080312","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"10","key":"938_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0140","volume":"40","author":"R Villar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Villar R, Beltrame T, Hughson RL (2015) Validation of the Hexoskin wearable vest during lying, sitting, standing, and walking activities. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 40(10):1019\u20131024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/apnm-2015-0140","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"938_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12922\/jshp.v5i2.108","author":"MB Phillips","year":"2017","unstructured":"Phillips MB et al (2017) Reliability and validity of the Hexoskin wearable body metrics telemetry shirt. J Sport Hum Perform. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12922\/jshp.v5i2.108","journal-title":"J Sport Hum Perform"},{"key":"938_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4236\/etsn.2017.62002","volume":"6","author":"C Al Sayed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al Sayed C, Vinches L, Hall\u00e9 S (2017) Validation of a wearable biometric system\u2019s ability to monitor heart rate in two different climate conditions under variable physical activities. E-Health Telecommun Syst Netw 6:19\u201330","journal-title":"E-Health Telecommun Syst Netw"},{"issue":"5","key":"938_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002005","volume":"33","author":"CA Elliot","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elliot CA, Hamlin MJ, Lizamore CA (2019) Validity and reliability of the hexoskin wearable biometric vest during maximal aerobic power testing in elite cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 33(5):1437\u20131444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002005","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"938_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001537","volume":"61","author":"CM Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smith CM et al (2019) Laboratory validation of hexoskin biometric shirt at rest, submaximal exercise, and maximal exercise while riding a stationary bicycle. J Occup Environ Med 61(4):e104","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"938_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5606","DOI":"10.3390\/s21165606","volume":"21","author":"E Harbour","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harbour E et al (2021) Enhanced breathing pattern detection during running using wearable sensors. Sensors 21(16):5606","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"10","key":"938_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30916","DOI":"10.2196\/30916","volume":"5","author":"D Mann\u00e9e","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mann\u00e9e D, De Jongh F, Van Helvoort H (2021) The accuracy of tidal volume measured with a smart shirt during tasks of daily living in healthy subjects; cross-sectional study. JMIR Form Res 5(10):e30916","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"key":"938_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/1393003.congress-2017.PA1359","author":"S Abdallah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abdallah S et al (2017) Late breaking abstract-validation of hexoskin biometric technology to monitor ventilatory responses at rest and during exercise in COPD. Eur Respir J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/1393003.congress-2017.PA1359","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"8","key":"938_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568218811312","volume":"9","author":"S Kato","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kato S, Murray J-C, Ganau M, Tan Y, Oshima Y, Tanaka S (2019) Does posterior scoliosis correction improve respiratory function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Glob spine J 9(8):866\u2013873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2192568218811312","journal-title":"Glob spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"938_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07371-z","volume":"32","author":"MMP Kan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kan MMP, Negrini S, Di Felice F et al (2023) Is impaired lung function related to spinal deformities in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis-SOSORT 2019 award paper. Eur Spine J 32(1):118\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-022-07371-z","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"8","key":"938_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3109\/09593985.2014.938382","volume":"30","author":"P Mohammadi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mohammadi P, Akbari M, Sarrafzadeh J, Moradi Z (2014) Comparison of respiratory muscles activity and exercise capacity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis and healthy individuals. Physiother Theory Pract 30(8):552\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09593985.2014.938382","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"938_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2017-000264","volume":"5","author":"J Farrell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Farrell J, Garrido E (2018) Effect of idiopathic thoracic scoliosis on the tracheobronchial tree. BMJ Open Respir Res 5(1):e000264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjresp-2017-000264","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"938_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.01714","volume":"103","author":"J Farrell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Farrell J, Garrido E, Vavruch L, Schl\u00f6sser TPC (2021) Thoracic morphology and bronchial narrowing are related to pulmonary function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 103(21):2014\u20132023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.20.01714","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"938_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3180","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4471-y","volume":"25","author":"X-Y Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li X-Y, Li Z, Feng F et al (2016) Correlation between severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and pulmonary artery systolic pressure: a study of 338 patients. Eur Spine J 25(10):3180\u20133185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-016-4471-y","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"21","key":"938_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1161","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004060","volume":"46","author":"V Sarwahi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sarwahi V, Galina J, Atlas A et al (2021) Scoliosis surgery normalizes cardiac function in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. Spine 46(21):E1161\u2013E1167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004060","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"938_CR37","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Exercise physiology: nutrition, energy, and human performance","author":"WD McArdle","year":"2015","unstructured":"McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL (2015) Exercise physiology: nutrition, energy, and human performance. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, p 263"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"938_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.126466","volume":"581","author":"JA Guenette","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guenette JA, Witt JD, McKenzie DC, Road JD, Sheel AW (2007) Respiratory mechanics during exercise in endurance-trained men and women. J Physiol 581(Pt 3):1309\u20131322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.126466","journal-title":"J Physiol"}],"container-title":["Spine Deformity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43390-024-00938-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43390-024-00938-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43390-024-00938-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T10:53:13Z","timestamp":1736765593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43390-024-00938-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["938"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-024-00938-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-134X","2212-1358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-134X","type":"print"},{"value":"2212-1358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}