{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:40:49Z","timestamp":1792035649836,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724112000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spine Deform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Spinal scoliosis, a prevalent spinal deformity impacting both physical and mental well-being, has a significant genetic component, though the exact pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of current research on embryonic spinal development, focusing on the genetic and biological intricacies governing axial elongation and straightening. Zebrafish, a vital model in developmental biology, takes a prominent role in understanding spinal scoliosis. Insights from zebrafish studies illustrate genetic and physiological aspects, including notochord development and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, revealing the anomalies contributing to scoliosis. In this review, we acknowledge existing challenges, such as deciphering the unique dynamics of human spinal development, variations in physiological curvature, and disparities in cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Further, we emphasize the need for caution when extrapolating findings to humans and for future research to bridge current knowledge gaps. We hope that this review will be a beneficial frame of reference for the guidance of future studies on animal models and genetic research for spinal scoliosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-024-00941-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T07:47:33Z","timestamp":1724312853000},"page":"7-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spinal scoliosis: insights into developmental mechanisms and animal models"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chongnan","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoxin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"941_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3953","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.21805","volume":"237","author":"KS Choi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Choi KS, Cohn MJ, Harfe BD (2008) Identification of nucleus pulposus precursor cells and notochordal remnants in the mouse: implications for disk degeneration and chordoma formation. Dev Dyn 237:3953\u20133958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dvdy.21805","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"941_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9484","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007566108","volume":"108","author":"K-S Choi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Choi K-S, Harfe BD (2011) Hedgehog signaling is required for formation of the notochord sheath and patterning of nuclei pulposi within the intervertebral discs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:9484\u20139489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1007566108","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"941_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(95)00266-1","volume":"5","author":"A Lumsden","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lumsden A, Graham A (1995) Neural patterning: a forward role for hedgehog. Curr Biol 5:1347\u20131350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0960-9822(95)00266-1","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"941_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2001.0214","volume":"234","author":"O Cleaver","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cleaver O, Krieg PA (2001) Notochord patterning of the endoderm. Dev Biol 234:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/dbio.2001.0214","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"941_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s11248-009-9259-y","volume":"18","author":"Y Haga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Haga Y, Dominique VJ 3rd, Du SJ (2009) Analyzing notochord segmentation and intervertebral disc formation using the twhh:gfp transgenic zebrafish model. Transgenic Res 18:669\u2013683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11248-009-9259-y","journal-title":"Transgenic Res"},{"key":"941_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201212095","volume":"200","author":"K Ellis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ellis K, Bagwell J, Bagnat M (2013) Notochord vacuoles are lysosomerelated organelles that function in axis and spine morphogenesis. J Cell Biol 200:667\u2013679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.201212095","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"941_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20170320","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2017.0320","volume":"373","author":"J Norman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Norman J, Sorrell EL, Hu Y, Siripurapu V, Garcia J, Bagwell J, Charbonneau P, Lubkin SR, Bagnat M (2018) Tissue self-organization underlies morphogenesis of the notochord. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 373:20170320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2017.0320","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"941_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51221","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.51221","volume":"9","author":"J Bagwell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bagwell J, Norman J, Ellis KL, Peskin B, Hwang J, Ge X, Nguyen S, McMenamin SK, Stainier DY, Bagnat M (2020) Notochord vacuoles absorb compressive bone growth during zebrafish spine formation. eLife 9:e51221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.51221","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"941_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901281R","volume":"34","author":"P Bhattachan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhattachan P, Rae J, Yu H, Jung W, Wei J, Parton RG, Dong B (2020) Ascidian caveolin induces membrane curvature and protects tissue integrity and morphology during embryogenesis. FASEB J 34:1345\u20131361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.201901281R","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"941_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.01.084","volume":"22","author":"S Wopat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wopat S, Bagwell J, Sumigray KD, Dickson AL, Huitema LFA, Poss KD, Schulte-Merker S, Bagnat M (2018) Spine patterning is guided by segmentation of the notochord sheath. Cell Rep 22:2026\u20132038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.01.084","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"941_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/wdev.34","volume":"1","author":"WL Eckalbar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eckalbar WL, Fisher RE, Rawls A, Kusumi K (2012) Scoliosis and segmentation defects of the vertebrae. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol 1:401\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wdev.34","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol"},{"issue":"P2805\u20132814","key":"941_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.05.037","volume":"30","author":"B Peskin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peskin B, Henke K, Cumplido N, Treaster S, Harris MP, Bagnat M, Arratia G (2020) Notochordal signals establish phylogenetic Identity of the teleost spine. Curr Biol 30(P2805\u20132814):E3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2020.05.037","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"941_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.051011","volume":"137","author":"M Yamamoto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yamamoto M, Morita R, Mizoguchi T, Matsuo H, Isoda M, Ishitani T, Chitnis AB, Matsumoto K, Crump JG, Hozumi K et al (2010) Mib-Jag1-Notch signalling regulates patterning and structural roles of the notochord by controlling cell-fate decisions. Development 137:2527\u20132537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.051011","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"941_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2011.06.020","volume":"357","author":"RM Dale","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dale RM, Topczewski J (2011) Identification of an evolutionarily conserved regulatory element of the zebrafish col2a1a gene. Dev Biol 357:518\u2013531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ydbio.2011.06.020","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"941_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.05.035","volume":"27","author":"J Garcia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garcia J, Bagwell J, Njaine B, Norman J, Levic DS, Wopat S, Miller SE, Liu X, Locasale JW, Stainier DYR et al (2017) Sheath cell invasion and trans-differentiation repair mechanical damage caused by loss of caveolae in the zebrafish notochord. Curr Biol 27:1982-1989.e1983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2017.05.035","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"941_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.05.067","volume":"27","author":"YW Lim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lim YW, Lo HP, Ferguson C, Martel N, Giacomotto J, Gomez GA, Yap AS, Hall TE, Parton RG (2017) Caveolae protect notochord cells against catastrophic mechanical failure during development. Curr Biol 27:1968-1981.e1967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2017.05.067","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"941_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33843","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.33843","volume":"7","author":"L Lleras Forero","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lleras Forero L, Narayanan R, Huitema LF, VanBergen M, Apschner A, Peterson-Maduro J, Logister I, Valentin G, Morelli LG, Oates AC et al (2018) Segmentation of the zebrafish axial skeleton relies on notochord sheath cells and not on the segmentation clock. eLife 7:e33843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.33843","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"941_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.01.084","volume":"22","author":"S Wopat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wopat S, Bagwell J, Sumigray KD, Dickson AL, Huitema LFA, Poss KD, Schulte-Merker S, Bagnat M (2018) Spine patterning is guided by segmentation of the notochord sheath. Cell Rep 22:2026\u20132038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.01.084","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"941_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dev159418","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.159418","volume":"145","author":"HM Pogoda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pogoda HM, Riedl-Quinkertz I, Lohr H, Waxman JS, Dale RM, Topczewski J, Schulte-Merker S, Hammerschmidt M (2018) Direct activation of chordoblasts by retinoic acid is required for segmented centra mineralization during zebrafish spine development. Development. 145:dev159418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.159418","journal-title":"Development."},{"key":"941_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2008.03452.x","volume":"1151","author":"PF Giampietro","year":"2009","unstructured":"Giampietro PF, Dunwoodie SL, Kusumi K, Pourquie O, Tassy O, Offiah AC, Cornier AS, Alman BA, Blank RD, Raggio CL, Glurich I, Turnpenny PD (2009) Progress in the understanding of the genetic etiology of vertebral segmentation disorders in humans. Ann NY Acad Sci 1151:38\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2008.03452.x","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"941_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1159\/000345329","volume":"4","author":"PF Giampietro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Giampietro PF, Raggio CL, Blank RD, McCarty C, Broeckel U, Pickart MA (2013) Clinical, genetic and environmental factors associated with congenital vertebral malformations. Mol Syndromol 4:94\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000345329","journal-title":"Mol Syndromol"},{"key":"941_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2019.06.024","volume":"460","author":"OF Venzin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Venzin OF, Oates AC (2020) What are you synching about? Emerging complexity of notch signaling in the segmentation clock. Dev Biol 460:40\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ydbio.2019.06.024","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"941_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.02.054","volume":"149","author":"DB Sparrow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sparrow DB, Chapman G, Smith AJ, Mattar MZ, Major JA, O\u2019Reilly VC, Saga Y, Zackai EH, Dormans JP, Alman BA et al (2012) A mechanism for gene-environment interaction in the etiology of congenital scoliosis. Cell 149:295\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2012.02.054","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"941_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15030","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.30","volume":"1","author":"JC Cheng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheng JC, Castelein RM, Chu WC, Danielsson AJ, Dobbs MB, Grivas TB, Gurnett CA, Luk KD, Moreau A, Newton PO, Stokes IA, Weinstein SL, Burwell RG (2015) Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 1:15030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2015.30","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"941_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1209063","volume":"368","author":"MT Hresko","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hresko MT (2013) Clinical practice. Idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents. N Engl J Med 368:834\u2013841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMcp1209063","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"941_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00846","volume":"101","author":"JF Sarwark","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sarwark JF, Castelein RM, Maqsood A, Aubin CE (2019) The biomechanics of induction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: theoretical factors. J Bone Joint Surg Am 101:e22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.18.00846","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"941_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181f73c12","volume":"31","author":"WJ Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang WJ, Yeung HY, Chu WC, Tang NL, Lee KM, Qiu Y, Burwell RG, Cheng JC (2011) Top theories for the etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop 31:S14-27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181f73c12","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"941_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E19","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200102010-00002","volume":"26","author":"JC Cheng","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cheng JC, Tang SP, Guo X, Chan CW, Qin L (2001) Osteopeniain adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a histomorphometric study. Spine 26:E19-23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200102010-00002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.102B2.BJJ-2019-1016.R1","volume":"102-B","author":"E Diarbakerli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Diarbakerli E, Savvides P, Wihlborg A, Abbott A, Bergstrom I, Gerdhem P (2020) Bone health in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Bone Joint J 102-B:268\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.102B2.BJJ-2019-1016.R1","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"941_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.03.014","volume":"15","author":"N Xie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xie N, Li M, Wu T, Liu J, Wang B, Tang F (2015) Does elevated osteopontin level play an important role in the development of scoliosis in bipedal mice? Spine J 15:1660\u20131664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.03.014","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"941_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-015-2742-6","volume":"39","author":"A Kulis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kulis A, Gozdzialska A, Drag J, Jaskiewicz J, Knapik-Czajka M, Lipik E, Zarzycki D (2015) Participation of sex hormones in multifactorial pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Int Orthop 39:1227\u20131236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-015-2742-6","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"941_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199709010-00014","volume":"22","author":"KL Kesling","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kesling KL, Reinker KA (1997) Scoliosis in twins. A metaanalysis of the literature and report of six cases. Spine 22:2009\u20132014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199709010-00014","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200208000-00005","author":"SB Purkiss","year":"2002","unstructured":"Purkiss SB, Driscoll B, Cole WG, Alman B (2002) Idiopathic scoliosis in families of children with congenital scoliosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003086-200208000-00005","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"941_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4777","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5777","volume":"5","author":"M Hayes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hayes M, Gao X, Yu LX, Paria N, Henkelman RM, Wise CA, Ciruna B (2014) ptk7 mutant zebrafish models of congenital and idiopathic scoliosis implicate dysregulated Wnt signalling in disease. Nat Commun 5:4777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms5777","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"941_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3891","volume":"15","author":"AO HubaudPourquie\u0301","year":"2014","unstructured":"HubaudPourquie\u0301 AO (2014) Signalling dynamics in vertebrate segmentation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 15:709\u2013721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm3891","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"941_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197759080-00004","volume":"59","author":"RS Riggins","year":"1977","unstructured":"Riggins RS, Abbott UK, Ashmore CR, Rucker RB, McCarrey JR (1977) Scoliosis in chickens. J Bone Joint Surg Am 59(8):1020\u20131026","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"941_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00266027","volume":"3","author":"J De Salis","year":"1980","unstructured":"De Salis J, Beguiristain JL, Ca\u00f1adell J (1980) The production of experimental scoliosis by selective arterial ablation. Int Orthop 3(4):311\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00266027","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"941_CR38","first-page":"1238","volume":"248","author":"MJ Thillard","year":"1959","unstructured":"Thillard MJ (1959) Vertebral column deformities following epiphysectomy in the chick. C R Hebd Seances Acad Sci 248:1238\u20131240","journal-title":"C R Hebd Seances Acad Sci"},{"key":"941_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199309000-00007","volume":"18","author":"M Machida","year":"1993","unstructured":"Machida M, Dubousset J, Imamura Y, Iwaya T, Yamada T, Kimura J (1993) An experimental study in chickens for the pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 18:1609\u20131615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199309000-00007","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B1.7822371","volume":"77","author":"M Machida","year":"1995","unstructured":"Machida M, Dubousset J, Imamura Y, Iwaya T, Yamada T, Kimura J (1995) Role of melatonin deficiency in the development of scoliosis in pinealectomised chickens. J Bone Jt Surg Br 77:134\u2013138","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br"},{"key":"941_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2011.00901.x","volume":"51","author":"H Kono","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kono H, Machida M, Saito M, Nishiwaki Y, Kato H, Hosogane N, Chiba K, Miyamoto T, Matsumoto M, Toyama Y (2011) Mechanism of osteoporosis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: experimental scoliosis in pinealectomized chickens. J Pineal Res 51:387\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2011.00901.x","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"941_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199405000-00010","volume":"14","author":"M Machida","year":"1994","unstructured":"Machida M, Dubousset J, Imamura Y, Iwaya T, Yamada T, Kimura J, Toriyama S (1994) Pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis: SEPs in chicken with experimentally induced scoliosis and in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop 14:329\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01241398-199405000-00010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"941_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E385","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200109010-00006","volume":"26","author":"M Machida","year":"2001","unstructured":"Machida M, Dubousset J, Satoh T, Murai I, Wood KB, Yamada T, Ryu J (2001) Pathologic mechanism of experimental scoliosis in pinealectomized chickens. Spine 26:E385\u2013E391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200109010-00006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199706150-00004","volume":"22","author":"M Machida","year":"1997","unstructured":"Machida M, Miyashita Y, Murai I, Dubousset J, Yamada T, Kimura J (1997) Role of serotonin for scoliotic deformity in pinealectomized chicken. Spine 22:1297\u20131301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199706150-00004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E692","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000187874.38074.77","volume":"30","author":"M Machida","year":"2005","unstructured":"Machida M, Yamada H, Yamada T, Kimura J, Saito M, Shibasaki K (2005) Rib length in experimental scoliosis induced by pinealectomy in chickens. Spine 30:E692\u2013E696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.brs.0000187874.38074.77","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199707150-00006","volume":"22","author":"T Kanemura","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kanemura T, Kawakami N, Deguchi M, Mimatsu K, Iwata H (1997) Natural course of experimental scoliosis in pinealectomized chickens. Spine 22:1563\u20131567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199707150-00006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-0972-9","volume":"15","author":"M Turgut","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turgut M, Basaloglu HK, Yenisey C, Ozsunar Y (2006) Surgical pinealectomy accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration process in chicken. Eur Spine J 15:605\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-005-0972-9","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"941_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199902000-00006","volume":"81","author":"K Bagnall","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bagnall K, Raso VJ, Moreau M, Mahood J, Wang X, Zhao J (1999) The effects of melatonin therapy on the development of scoliosis after pinealectomy in the chicken. J Bone Jt Surg Am 81:191\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-199902000-00006","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"941_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200105010-00007","volume":"26","author":"KM Bagnall","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bagnall KM, Beuerlein M, Johnson P, Wilson J, Raso VJ, Moreau M (2001) Pineal transplantation after pinealectomy in young chickens has no effect on the development of scoliosis. Spine 26:1022\u20131027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200105010-00007","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1071","volume":"53","author":"M Beuerlein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Beuerlein M, Wang X, Moreau M, Raso J, Mahood J, Bagnall K (2001) Development of scoliosis following pinealectomy in young chickens is not the result of an artifact of the surgical procedure. Microsc Res Tech 53:81\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jemt.1071","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"941_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200102010-00007","volume":"26","author":"M Beuerlein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Beuerlein M, Wilson J, Moreau M, Raso VJ, Mahood J, Wang X, Greenhill B, Bagnall KM (2001) The critical stage of pinealectomy surgery after which scoliosis is produced in young chickens. Spine 26:237\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200102010-00007","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200105010-00006","volume":"26","author":"H Inoh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Inoh H, Kawakami N, Matsuyama Y, Aoki T, Kanemura T, Natsume N, Iwata H (2001) Correlation between the age of pinealectomy and the development of scoliosis in chickens. Spine 26:1014\u20131021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200105010-00006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR53","first-page":"1","volume":"91","author":"F Nette","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nette F, Dolynchuk K, Wang X, Daniel A, Demianczuk C, Moreau M, Raso J, Mahood J, Bagnall K (2002) The effects of exposure to intense, 24 h light on the development of scoliosis in young chickens. Stud Health Technol Inform 91:1\u20136","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"941_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199901010-00009","volume":"24","author":"C O\u2019Kelly","year":"1999","unstructured":"O\u2019Kelly C, Wang X, Raso J, Moreau M, Mahood J, Zhao J, Bagnall K (1999) The production of scoliosis after pinealectomy in young chickens, rats, and hamsters. Spine 24:35\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199901010-00009","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-003-0528-9","volume":"12","author":"M Turgut","year":"2003","unstructured":"Turgut M, Yenisey C, Uysal A, Bozkurt M, Yurtseven ME (2003) The effects of pineal gland transplantation on the production of spinal deformity and serum melatonin level following pinealectomy in the chicken. Eur Spine J 12:487\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-003-0528-9","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"941_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199711150-00010","volume":"22","author":"X Wang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wang X, Jiang H, Raso J, Moreau M, Mahood J, Zhao J, Bagnall K (1997) Characterization of the scoliosis that develops after pinealectomy in the chicken and comparison with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in humans. Spine 22:2626\u20132635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199711150-00010","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199811150-00002","volume":"23","author":"X Wang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wang X, Moreau M, Raso VJ, Zhao J, Jiang H, Mahood J, Bagnall K (1998) Changes in serum melatonin levels in response to pinealectomy in the chicken and its correlation with development of scoliosis. Spine 23:2377\u20132381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199811150-00002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000083140.80750.93","volume":"28","author":"KM Cheung","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cheung KM, Lu DS, Poon AM, Wang T, Luk KD, Leong JC (2003) Effect of melatonin suppression on scoliosis development in chickens by either constant light or surgical pinealectomy. Spine 28:1941\u20131944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.BRS.0000083140.80750.93","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000092366.30032.97","volume":"28","author":"KM Cheung","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cheung KM, Wang T, Hu YG, Leong JC (2003) Primary thoracolumbar scoliosis in pinealectomized chickens. Spine 28:2499\u20132504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.BRS.0000092366.30032.97","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000231796.49827.39","volume":"31","author":"AM Poon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Poon AM, Cheung KM, Lu DS, Leong JC (2006) Changes in melatonin receptors in relation to the development of scoliosis in pinealectomized chickens. Spine 31:2043\u20132047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.brs.0000231796.49827.39","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-0927-7","volume":"18","author":"AB Fagan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fagan AB, Kennaway DJ, Oakley AP (2009) Pinealectomy in the chicken: a good model of scoliosis? Eur Spine J 18:1154\u20131159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-009-0927-7","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"941_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31818be0b1","volume":"34","author":"I Akel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Akel I, Kocak O, Bozkurt G, Alanay A, Marcucio R, Acaroglu E (2009) The effect of calmodulin antagonists on experimental scoliosis: a pinealectomized chicken model. Spine 34:533\u2013538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31818be0b1","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000194781.53260.dc","volume":"31","author":"E Turhan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turhan E, Acaroglu E, Bozkurt G, Alanay A, Yazici M, Surat A (2006) Unilateral enucleation affects the laterality but not the incidence of scoliosis in pinealectomized chicken. Spine 31:133\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.brs.0000194781.53260.dc","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0b013e3283474c6e","volume":"20","author":"G Fu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fu G, Yoshihara H, Kawakami N, Goto M, Tsuji T, Ohara T, Imagama S (2011) Microcomputed tomographic evaluation of vertebral microarchitecture in pinealectomized scoliosis chickens. J Pediatr Orthop B 20:382\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPB.0b013e3283474c6e","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"941_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000182095.00577.ee","volume":"30","author":"H Yoshihara","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yoshihara H, Kawakami N, Matsuyama Y, Inoh H, Imagama S, Ishiguro N (2005) A histomorphologic study of scoliosis in pinealectomized chickens. Spine 30:2244\u20132251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.brs.0000182095.00577.ee","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-079x.2003.00109.x","volume":"36","author":"PG Fjelldal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fjelldal PG, Grotmol S, Kryvi H, Gjerdet NR, Taranger GL, Hansen T, Porter MJ, Totland GK (2004) Pinealectomy induces malformation of the spine and reduces the mechanical strength of the vertebrae in Atlantic salmon. Salmo salar J Pineal Res 36:132\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1600-079x.2003.00109.x","journal-title":"Salmo salar J Pineal Res"},{"key":"941_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3941912","volume":"231","author":"S Ebihara","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ebihara S, Marks T, Hudson DJ, Menaker M (1986) Genetic control of melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland of the mouse. Science 231:491\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.3941912","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"941_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/s8756-3282(99)00184-2","volume":"25","author":"MH Sheng","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sheng MH, Baylink DJ, Beamer WG, Donahue LR, Rosen CJ, Lau KH, Wergedal JE (1999) Histomorphometric studies show that bone formation and bone mineral apposition rates are greater in C3H\/HeJ (high-density) than C57BL\/6J (low-density) mice during growth. Bone 25:421\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s8756-3282(99)00184-2","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"941_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.2.206","volume":"16","author":"CH Turner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Turner CH, Hsieh YF, Muller R, Bouxsein ML, Rosen CJ, McCrann ME, Donahue LR, Beamer WG (2001) Variation in bone biomechanical properties, microstructure, and density in BXH recombinant inbred mice. J Bone Miner Res 16:206\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.2.206","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"941_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/s8756-3282(99)00185-4","volume":"25","author":"C Chen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chen C, Kalu DN (1999) Strain differences in bone density and calcium metabolism between C3H\/HeJ and C57BL\/6J mice. Bone 25:413\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s8756-3282(99)00185-4","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"941_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/s8756-3282(97)00268-8","volume":"22","author":"HP Dimai","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dimai HP, Linkhart TA, Linkhart SG, Donahue LR, Beamer WG, Rosen CJ, Farley JR, Baylink DJ (1998) Alkaline phosphatase levels and osteoprogenitor cell numbers suggest bone formation may contribute to peak bone density differences between two inbred strains of mice. Bone 22:211\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s8756-3282(97)00268-8","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"941_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.2.386","volume":"16","author":"C Richman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Richman C, Kutilek S, Miyakoshi N, Srivastava AK, Beamer WG, Donahue LR, Rosen CJ, Wergedal JE, Baylink DJ, Mohan S (2001) Postnatal and pubertal skeletal changes contribute predominantly to the differences in peak bone density between C3H\/HeJ and C57BL\/6J mice. J Bone Miner Res 16:386\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.2.386","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"941_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000179087.38730.5d","volume":"30","author":"KM Cheung","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cheung KM, Wang T, Poon AM, Carl A, Tranmer B, Hu Y, Luk KD, Leong JC (2005) The effect of pinealectomy on scoliosis development in young nonhuman primates. Spine 30:2009\u20132013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.brs.0000179087.38730.5d","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR74","first-page":"11","volume":"52","author":"RJ Reiter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Manchester LC, Pilar Terron M, Flores LJ, Koppisepi S (2007) Medical implications of melatonin: Receptor-mediated and receptor-independent actions. Adv Med Sci 52:11\u201328","journal-title":"Adv Med Sci"},{"key":"941_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.10.004","volume":"145","author":"KF Gorman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gorman KF, Breden F (2007) Teleosts as models for human vertebral stability and deformity. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 145:28\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.10.004","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"941_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2008.09.052","volume":"72","author":"KF Gorman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gorman KF, Breden F (2009) Idiopathic-type scoliosis is not exclusive to bipedalism. Med Hypotheses 72:348\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2008.09.052","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"941_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.175794","author":"M Bagnat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bagnat M, Gray RS (2020) Development of a straight vertebrate body axis. Development. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.175794","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"941_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2017.01.001","volume":"33","author":"CW Boswell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boswell CW, Ciruna B (2017) Understanding idiopathic scoliosis: a new zebrafish school of thought. Trends Genet 33:183\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tig.2017.01.001","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"941_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10387","volume":"228","author":"NC Bird","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bird NC, Mabee PM (2003) Developmental morphology of the axial skeleton of the zebrafish, Danio rerio (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae). Dev Dyn 228:337\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dvdy.10387","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"941_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4256","volume":"36","author":"K Dietrich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dietrich K, Fiedler IA, Kurzyukova A, Lopez-Delgado AC, McGowan LM, Geurtzen K, Hammond CL, Busse B, Knopf F (2021) Skeletal biology and disease modeling in zebrafish. J Bone Miner Res 36:436\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.4256","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"941_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2008.09.05","volume":"72","author":"KF Gorman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gorman KF, Breden F (2009) Idiopathic-type scoliosis is not exclusive to bipedalism. Med Hypotheses 72:348\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2008.09.05","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"941_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2020.11.009","volume":"471","author":"RS Gray","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gray RS, Gonzalez R, Ackerman SD, Minowa R, Griest JF, Bayrak MN, Troutwine B, Canter S, Monk KR, Sepich DS, SolnicaKrezel L (2021) Postembryonic screen for mutations affecting spine development in zebrafish. Dev Biol 471:18\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ydbio.2020.11.009","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"941_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2016.02.015","volume":"36","author":"K Hoshijima","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoshijima K, Jurynec MJ, Grunwald DJ (2016) Precise editing of the zebrafish genome made simple and efficient. Dev Cell 36:654\u2013667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.devcel.2016.02.015","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"941_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/s0960-9822(00)00048-8","volume":"4","author":"MC Mullins","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mullins MC, Hammerschmidt M, Haffter P, Nusslein-Volhard C (1994) Large-scale mutagenesis in the zebrafish: in search of genes controlling development in a vertebrate. Curr Biol 4:189\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0960-9822(00)00048-8","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"941_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2019.06.006","volume":"17","author":"N Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu N, Liu B, Du H, Zhao S, Li Y, Cheng X, Wang S, Lin J, Zhou J, Qiu G, Wu Z, Zhang J (2019) The progress of CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated gene editing in generating mouse\/zebrafish models of human skeletal diseases. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 17:954\u2013962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csbj.2019.06.006","journal-title":"Comput Struct Biotechnol J"},{"key":"941_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00006","volume":"10","author":"DJM Bergen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bergen DJM, Kague E, Hammond CL (2019) Zebrafish as an emerging model for osteoporosis: a primary testing platform for screening new osteo-active compounds. Front Endocrinol 10:6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2019.00006","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"941_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14169-z","volume":"11","author":"X Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun X, Zhou Y, Zhang R, Wang Z, Xu M, Zhang D, Huang J, LuoF LF, Ni Z, Zhou S, Chen H, Chen S, Chen L, Du X, Chen B, Huang H, Liu P, Yin L, Qiu J, Chen D, Deng C, Xie Y, Luo L, Chen L (2020) Dstyk mutation leads to congenital scoliosis-likevertebral malformations in zebrafish via dysregulated mTORC1\/TFEB pathway. Nat Commun 11:479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-14169-z","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"941_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.51221","author":"J Bagwell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bagwell J, Norman J, Ellis K, Peskin B, Hwang J, Ge X, NguyenSV MSK, Stainier DY, Bagnat M (2020) Notochordvacuoles absorb compressive bone growth during zebrafish spineformation. Elife. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.51221","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"941_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.003194","volume":"3","author":"S Mangos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mangos S, Lam PY, Zhao A, Liu Y, Mudumana S, Vasilyev A, Liu A, Drummond IA (2010) The ADPKD genes pkd1a\/b and pkd2 regulate extracellular matrix formation. Dis Model Mech 3:354\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dmm.003194","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"941_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013101060","volume":"25","author":"S Le Corre","year":"2014","unstructured":"Le Corre S, Eyre D, Drummond IA (2014) Modulation of the secretory pathway rescues zebrafish polycystic kidney disease pathology. J Am Soc Nephrol 25:1749\u20131759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2013101060","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"941_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2013.11.028","volume":"386","author":"RS Gray","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gray RS, Wilm TP, Smith J, Bagnat M, Dale RM, Topczewski J, Johnson SL, Solnica-Krezel L (2014) Loss of col8a1a function during zebrafish embryogenesis results in congenital vertebral malformations. Dev Biol 386:72\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ydbio.2013.11.028","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"941_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18603","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103856","volume":"12","author":"L Lleras-Forero","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lleras-Forero L, Newham E, Teufel S, Kawakami K, Hartmann C, Hammond CL, Knight RD, Schulte-Merker S (2020) Muscle defects due to perturbed somite segmentation contribute to late adult scoliosis. Aging 12:18603\u201318621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.103856","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"941_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12356","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012356","volume":"12","author":"J Whittle","year":"2020","unstructured":"Whittle J, Antunes L, Harris M, Upshaw Z, Sepich DS, Johnson AN, Mokalled M, Solnica-Krezel L, Dobbs MB, Gurnett CA (2020) MYH3-associated distal arthrogryposis zebrafish model is normalized with para-aminoblebbistatin. EMBO Mol Med 12:e12356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/emmm.202012356","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"941_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf6419","volume":"352","author":"DT Grimes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grimes DT, Boswell CW, Morante NF, Henkelman RM, Burdine RD, Ciruna B (2016) Zebrafish models of idiopathic scoliosis link cerebrospinal fluid flow defects to spine curvature. Science 352:1341\u20131344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaf6419","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"941_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2021.12.001","volume":"482","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Y, Troutwine BR, Zhang H, Gray RS (2022) The axonemal dynein heavy chain 10 gene is essential for monocilia motility and spine alignment in zebrafish. Dev Biol 482:82\u201390","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"941_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30231","volume":"151C","author":"K Baker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baker K, Beales PL (2009) Making sense of cilia in disease: the human ciliopathies. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 151C:281\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.c.30231","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet"},{"key":"941_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2017.05.010","volume":"101","author":"JC Van De Weghe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Van De Weghe JC, Rusterholz TDS, Latour B, Grout ME, Aldinger KA, Shaheen R, Dempsey JC, Maddirevula S, Cheng YH, Phelps IG, Gesemann M, Goel H, Birk OS, Alanzi T, Rawashdeh R, Khan AO, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Neuhauss SCF, Dobyns WB, Alkuraya FS, Roepman R, Bachmann-Gagescu R, Doherty D (2017) Mutations in ARMC9, which Encodes a basal body protein, cause joubert syndrome in humans and ciliopathy phenotypes in zebrafish. Am J Hum Genet 101:23\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2017.05.010","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"941_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.24162","volume":"42","author":"EA Terhune","year":"2021","unstructured":"Terhune EA, Cuevas MT, Monley AM, Wethey CI, Chen X, Cattell MV, Bayrak MN, Bland MR, Sutphin B, Trahan GD, Taylor MRG, Niswander LA, Jones KL, Baschal EE, Antunes L, Dobbs M, Gurnett C, Appel B, Gray R, Hadley Miller N (2021) Mutations in KIF7 implicated in idiopathic scoliosis in humans and axial curvatures in zebrafish. Hum Mutat 42:392\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/humu.24162","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"941_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.23296","volume":"38","author":"W Gao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gao W, Chen C, Zhou T, Yang S, Gao B, Zhou H, Lian C, Wu Z, Qiu X, Yang X, Alattar E, Liu W, Su D, Sun S, Chen Y, Cheung KMC, Song Y, Luk KKD, Chan D, Sham PC, Xing C, Khor CC, Liu G, Yang J, Deng Y, Hao D, Huang D, Li QZ, Xu C, Su P (2017) Rare coding variants in MAPK7 predispose to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Hum Mutat 38:1500\u20131510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/humu.23296","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"941_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0260-3","volume":"50","author":"X Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang X, Jia S, Chen Z, Chong YL, Xie H, Feng D, Wu X, Song DZ, Roy S, Zhao C (2018) Cilia-driven cerebrospinal fluid flow directs expression of urotensin neuropeptides to straighten the vertebrate body axis. Nat Genet 50:1666\u20131673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-018-0260-3","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"941_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1159\/000491956","volume":"48","author":"T Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou T, Chen C, Xu C, Zhou H, Gao B, Su D, Liao Z, Li Y, Yang S, Su P (2018) Mutant MAPK7-induced idiopathic scoliosis is linked to impaired osteogenesis. Cell Physiol Biochem 48:880\u2013890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000491956","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"2363\u20132373","key":"941_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.04.020","volume":"30","author":"CD Rose","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rose CD, Pompili D, Henke K, Van Gennip JLM, Meyer-Miner A, Rana R, Gobron S, Harris MP, Nitz M, Ciruna B (2020) SCO-Spondin defects and neuroinflammation are conserved mechanisms driving spinal deformity across genetic models of idiopathic scoliosis. Curr Biol 30(2363\u20132373):e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2020.04.020","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"941_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23577","volume":"300","author":"C Tardieu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tardieu C, Hasegawa K, Haeusler M (2017) How did the pelvis and vertebral column become a functional unit during the transition from occasionalto permanent bipedalism? Anat Rec 300:912\u2013931","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"941_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.92","volume":"18","author":"SE Murthy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Murthy SE, Dubin AE, Patapoutian A (2017) Piezos thrive under pressure: mechanically activated ion channels in health and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 18:771\u2013783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm.2017.92","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"941_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6645193","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6645193","volume":"2021","author":"D Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu D, Zhang G, Guo X, Wang Y, Liu M, Kang X (2021) A new hope in spinal degenerative diseases: piezo1. Biomed Res Int 2021:6645193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6645193","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"941_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.47454","volume":"8","author":"W Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun W, Chi S, Li Y, Ling S, Tan Y, Xu Y et al (2019) The mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel is required for bone formation. Elife 8:e47454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.47454","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"941_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2021.104295","volume":"64","author":"S Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee S, Park S, Kim HY, Chae JH, Ko JM (2021) Extended phenotypes of PIEZO1-related lymphatic dysplasia caused by two novel compound heterozygous variants. Eur J Med Genet 64:104295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmg.2021.104295","journal-title":"Eur J Med Genet"},{"key":"941_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25527","volume":"41","author":"F Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen F, Sun M, Peng F, Lai Y, Jiang Z, Zhang W et al (2023) Compressive stress induces spinal vertebral growth plate chondrocytes apoptosis via Piezo1. J Orthop Res 41:1792\u20131802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.25527","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"941_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2016.153","volume":"62","author":"G Haliloglu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haliloglu G, Becker K, Temucin C, Talim B, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u015fahin N, Pergande M et al (2017) Recessive PIEZO2 stop mutation causes distal arthrogryposis with distal muscle weakness, scoliosis and proprioception defects. J Hum Genet 62:497\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jhg.2016.153","journal-title":"J Hum Genet"},{"key":"941_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E600","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003347","volume":"45","author":"M Uehara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Uehara M, Kosho T, Takano K, Inaba Y, Kuraishi S, Ikegami S et al (2020) Proximal junctional kyphosis after posterior spinal fusion for severe kyphoscoliosis in a patient with PIEZO2-deficient arthrogryposis syndrome. Spine 45:E600\u2013E604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003347","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"941_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321379","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.1321379","volume":"14","author":"AT Ramli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ramli AT, Watanabe M, Kondo S (2024) Piezo1 mutant zebrafish as a model of idiopathic scoliosis. Front Genet 14:1321379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2023.1321379","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"941_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.21","volume":"18","author":"N Spassky","year":"2017","unstructured":"Spassky N, Meunier A (2017) The development and functions of multiciliated epithelia. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 18:423\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm.2017.21","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"941_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.04.016","volume":"22","author":"D Petrik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petrik D, Myoga MH, Grade S, Gerkau NJ, Pusch M, Rose CR, Grothe B, Gotz M (2018) Epithelial sodium channel regulates adult neural stem cellproliferation in a flow-dependent manner. Cell Stem Cell 22:865-878.e868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stem.2018.04.016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"941_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.10.014","volume":"1862","author":"MJ Simon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simon MJ, Iliff JJ (2016) Regulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in neurodegenerative, neurovascular and neuroinflammatory disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1862:442\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.10.014","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"941_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgg.2016.02.001","volume":"43","author":"Z Song","year":"2016","unstructured":"Song Z, Zhang X, Jia S, Yelick PC, Zhao C (2016) Zebrafish as a model for human ciliopathies. J Genet Genomics 43:107\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgg.2016.02.001","journal-title":"J Genet Genomics"},{"key":"941_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-020-1915-y","volume":"64","author":"L Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao L, Gao F, Gao S, Liang Y, Long H, Lv Z, Su Y, Ye N, Zhang L, Zhao C, Wang X, Song W, Zhang S, Dong B (2021) Biodiversity-based development and evolution: the emerging research systems in model and non-model organisms. Sci China Life Sci 64:1236\u20131280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11427-020-1915-y","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"issue":"229\u2013241","key":"941_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.11.059","volume":"29","author":"EW Olstad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Olstad EW, Ringers C, Hansen JN, Wens A, Brandt C, Wachten D, Yaksi E, Jurisch-Yaksi N (2019) Ciliary beating compartmentalizes cerebrospinal fluid flow in the brain and regulates ventricular development. Curr Biol 29(229\u2013241):e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2018.11.059","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"941_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3804","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06225-x","volume":"9","author":"JR Sternberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sternberg JR, Prendergast AE, Brosse L, Cantaut-Belarif Y, Thouvenin O, Orts-Del\u2019Immagine A, Castillo L, Djenoune L, Kurisu S, McDearmid JR, Bardet PL, Boccara C, Okamoto H, Delmas P, Wyart C (2018) Pkd2l1 is required for mechanoception in cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons and maintenance of spine curvature. Nat Commun 9:3804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-06225-x","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"941_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.47699","author":"O Thouvenin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thouvenin O, Keiser L, Cantaut-Belarif Y, Carbo-Tano M, Verweij F, Jurisch-Yaksi N, Bardet PL, van Niel G, Gallaire F, Wyart C (2020) Origin and role of the cerebrospinal fluid bidirectional flow in the central canal. Elife. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.47699","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"941_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4085","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01240","volume":"131","author":"Z Sun","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sun Z, Amsterdam A, Pazour GJ, Cole DG, Miller MS, Hopkins N (2004) A genetic screen in zebrafish identifies cilia genes as a principal cause of cystic kidney. Development 131:4085\u20134093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.01240","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"941_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mod.2007.04.004","volume":"124","author":"C Zhao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhao C, Malicki J (2007) Genetic defects of pronephric cilia in zebrafish. Mech Dev 124:605\u2013616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mod.2007.04.004","journal-title":"Mech Dev"},{"key":"941_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073811429856","volume":"27","author":"JP Vieira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vieira JP, Lopes P, Silva R (2012) Primary ciliary dyskinesia and hydrocephalus with aqueductal stenosis. J Child Neurol 27:938\u2013941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0883073811429856","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"941_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2019.09.022","volume":"105","author":"J Wallmeier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wallmeier J, Frank D, Shoemark A, N\u00f6 the-Menchen T, Cindric S, Olbrich H, Loges NT, Aprea I, Dougherty GW, Pennekamp P et al (2019) De novo mutations in FOXJ1 result in a motile ciliopathy with hydrocephalus and randomization of left\/right body asymmetry. Am J Hum Genet 105:1030\u20131039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2019.09.022","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"941_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2364","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007505","volume":"92","author":"Y Morimoto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morimoto Y, Yoshida S, Kinoshita A, Satoh C, Mishima H, Yamaguchi N, Matsuda K, Sakaguchi M, Tanaka T, Komohara Y et al (2019) Nonsense mutation in CFAP43 causes normal-pressure hydrocephalus with ciliary abnormalities. Neurology 92:e2364\u2013e2374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007505","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"941_CR125","first-page":"545","volume":"77","author":"E Reissner","year":"1860","unstructured":"Reissner E (1860) Beitra\u0308 ge zur Kenntnis vom Bau des R\u00fc ckenmarkes von Petromyzon fluviatilis L. Arch Anat Physiol Wiss Med 77:545\u2013588","journal-title":"Arch Anat Physiol Wiss Med"},{"key":"941_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1972.tb00568.x","volume":"53","author":"R Olsson","year":"1972","unstructured":"Olsson R (1972) Reissner\u2019s fiber in ascidian tadpole larvae. Acta Zool 53:17\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1972.tb00568.x","journal-title":"Acta Zool"},{"key":"941_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00252-8","volume":"88","author":"S Gobron","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gobron S, Creveaux I, Meiniel R, Didier R, Dastugue B, Meiniel A (1999) SCO-spondin is evolutionarily conserved in the central nervous system of the chordate phylum. Neuroscience 88:655\u2013664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00252-8","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"941_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.05.079","volume":"28","author":"Y Cantaut-Belarif","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cantaut-Belarif Y, Sternberg JR, Thouvenin O, Wyart C, Bardet PL (2018) The Reissner fiber in the cerebrospinal fluid controls morphogenesis of the body axis. Curr Biol 28:2479-2486.e2474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2018.05.079","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"941_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8454-5-3","volume":"5","author":"K Vio","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vio K, Rodriguez S, Yulis CR, Oliver C, Rodriguez EM (2008) The subcommissural organ of the rat secretes Reissner\u2019s fiber glycoproteins and CSFsoluble proteins reaching the internal and external CSF compartments. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res 5:3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1743-8454-5-3","journal-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Res"},{"key":"941_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00239328","volume":"207","author":"A Castenholz","year":"1980","unstructured":"Castenholz A, Zoltzer H (1980) Formation and morphology of Reissner\u2019s fibre in primates. A scanning electron microscopic study. Cell Tissue Res 207:43\u201353","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"941_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02593586","volume":"66","author":"E Agduhr","year":"1922","unstructured":"Agduhr E (1922) \u00dcber ein zentrales Sinnesorgan bei den Vertebraten. Z Anat Entwickl Gesch 66:223\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02593586","journal-title":"Z Anat Entwickl Gesch"},{"key":"941_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00327751","volume":"262","author":"EM Rodr\u0131guez","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rodr\u0131guez EM, Garrido O, Oksche A (1990) Lectin histochemistry of the human fetal subcommissural organ. Cell Tissue Res 262:105\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00327751","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"941_CR133","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Evidence for the release of CSF-soluble secretory material from the subcommissural organ, with particular reference to the situation in the human","author":"EM Rodr\u0131guez","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rodr\u0131guez EM, Jara P, Richter H, Montecinos H, Fl\u00e1ndez B, Wiegand R, Oksche A (1993) Evidence for the release of CSF-soluble secretory material from the subcommissural organ, with particular reference to the situation in the human. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 121\u2013131"},{"key":"941_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20010301)","volume":"52","author":"EM Rodr\u0131guez","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rodr\u0131guez EM, Oksche A, Montecinos H (2001) Human subcommissural organ, with particular emphasis on its secretory activity during the fetal life. Microsc Res Tech 52:573\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-0029(20010301)","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"941_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.04.015","volume":"30","author":"BR Troutwine","year":"2020","unstructured":"Troutwine BR, Gontarz P, Konjikusic MJ, Minowa R, Monstad-Rios A, Sepich DS, Kwon RY, Solnica-Krezel L, Gray RS (2020) The Reissner fiber is highly dynamic in vivo and controls morphogenesis of the spine. Curr Biol 30:2353-2362.e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2020.04.015","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"941_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/01677063.2017.1359833","volume":"31","author":"L Djenoune","year":"2017","unstructured":"Djenoune L, Wyart C (2017) Light on a sensory interface linking the cerebrospinal fluid to motor circuits in vertebrates. J Neurogenet 31:113\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01677063.2017.1359833","journal-title":"J Neurogenet"},{"key":"941_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02593657","volume":"60","author":"W Kolmer","year":"1921","unstructured":"Kolmer W (1921) Das \u201cSagittalorgan\u201d der Wirbeltiere. Z Anat Entwicklungsgesch 60:652\u2013717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02593657","journal-title":"Z Anat Entwicklungsgesch"},{"issue":"P827\u2013839","key":"941_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.12.071","volume":"30","author":"A Orts-Del\u2019Immagine","year":"2020","unstructured":"Orts-Del\u2019Immagine A, Cantaut-Belarif Y, Thouvenin O, Roussel J, Baskaran A, Langui D, Koeth F, Bivas P, Lejeune FX, Bardet PL et al (2020) Sensory neurons contacting the cerebrospinal fluid require the Reissner fiber to detect spinal curvature in vivo. Curr Biol 30(P827\u2013839):E4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2019.12.071","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"941_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119290","volume":"10","author":"FB Quan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Quan FB, Dubessy C, Galant S, Kenigfest NB, Djenoune L, Leprince J, Wyart C, Lihrmann I, Tostivint H (2015) Comparative distribution and in vitro activities of the urotensin II-related peptides URP1 and URP2 in zebrafish: evidence for their colocalization in spinal cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons. PLoS One 10:e0119290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0119290","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"941_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0260-3","volume":"50","author":"X Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang X, Jia S, Chen Z, Chong YL, Xie H, Feng D, Wu X, Song DZ, Roy S, Zhao C (2018) Cilia-driven cerebrospinal fluid flow directs expression of urotensin neuropeptides to straighten the vertebrate body axis. Nat Genet 50:1666\u20131673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-018-0260-3","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"941_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bio052027","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.052027","volume":"9","author":"H Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu H, Shagirova A, Goggi JL, Yeo HL, Roy S (2020) Reissner fibre-induced urotensin signalling from cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons prevents scoliosis of the vertebrate spine. Biol Open 9:bio052027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/bio.052027","journal-title":"Biol Open"},{"key":"941_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2013.06.002","volume":"65","author":"C Tardieu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tardieu C, Bonneau N, Hecquet J, Boulay C, Marty C, LegayeDuval-Beaup\u00e8re JG (2013) How is sagittal balance acquired during bipedal gait acquisition? Comparison of neonatal and adult pelves in three dimensions. Evolutionary Implications. J Hum Evol 65:209\u2013222","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"941_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2015.09.001","volume":"88","author":"MR Meyer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meyer MR, Haeusler M (2015) Spinal cord evolution in early Homo. J Hum Evol 88:43\u201353","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"941_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpv.2005.12.015","volume":"5","author":"C Tardieu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tardieu C, Hecquet J, Barrau A, Loridon P, Boulay C, Legaye J, Carlier R, Marty C, Duval-Beaup\u00e8re G (2006) Le bassin, interface articulaire entre rachis et membres inferieurs: analyse par le logiciel DE-VISU. C R Palevol 5:583\u2013595","journal-title":"C R Palevol"}],"container-title":["Spine Deformity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43390-024-00941-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43390-024-00941-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43390-024-00941-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T10:53:26Z","timestamp":1736765606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43390-024-00941-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"references-count":144,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-024-00941-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-134X","2212-1358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-134X","type":"print"},{"value":"2212-1358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}