{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:16:32Z","timestamp":1790655392686,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spine Deform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) currently relies on clinical evaluations by trained practitioners, most commonly using a scoliometer. Modern structured light 3D scanning can generate high-quality 3D representations of surface anatomy using a mobile device. We hypothesized that a mobile-based 3D scanning system would provide accurate deformity assessments compared to a scoliometer.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Between August 2020 and June 2022, patients 10\u201318 years being evaluated for AIS in our clinic with a scoliosis radiograph obtained within 30 days of clinic evaluation and no history of spinal surgery were enrolled. Patients had 3D scans taken in the upright and forward bend positions, and the largest angle of trunk rotation (ATR) was measured by a scoliometer. Image processing software was used to analyze trunk shift (TS), coronal balance (CB), and clavicle angle (CL) in the upright position and the largest ATR in the forward bend position. 3D and scoliometer measurements were correlated to major curve magnitude. Multiple logistic regression models were created based on 3D and scoliometer measurements, controlling for demographic covariates.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Two hundred and fifty-eight patients were included in this study. Mean coronal major curve magnitude was 25.7\u00b0 (range 0\u2013100), and 59% had a thoracic major curve. There were good-to-excellent correlations between 3D and radiographic measures of TS, CB, and CL (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.79, rs\u2009=\u20090.80, and <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.64, respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Correlations between 3D and radiographic measures of largest lumbar and thoracic ATR also demonstrated good correlations (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.64 for both, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Using Akaike\u2019s Information Criterion (AIC), a multivariable logistic regression model based on 3D scanning outperformed a scoliometer model.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Mobile device-based 3D scanning of TS, CB, and TS identifies clinically relevant scoliotic deformity and is more predictive of radiographic curve magnitude than scoliometer in this population. This new modality may facilitate scoliosis screening by decreasing the need for trained personnel or dedicated equipment and clinical space to perform screening tests.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>II.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-024-01007-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T01:23:15Z","timestamp":1733966595000},"page":"529-537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mobile device-based 3D scanning is superior to scoliometer in assessment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yousi","family":"Oquendo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8442-7831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Hollyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clayton","family":"Maschhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Calderon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm","family":"DeBaun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Langner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Javier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xochitl","family":"Bryson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Richey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiba","family":"Naz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kali","family":"Tileston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Vorhies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1007_CR1","first-page":"222","volume":"18","author":"VJ Raso","year":"1998","unstructured":"Raso VJ et al (1998) Trunk distortion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. 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Dr. John Vorhies is on the medical advisory board member\u00a0for Nsite medical,\u00a0NView: Stock or stock Options,\u00a0Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America: Board or committee member. Scoliosis Research Society (SRS): Board or committee member. Dr. Michael Gardner has the following disclosures: AAOS: Board or committee member, Conventus: IP royalties; Stock or stock Options, Flower Ortho: Paid consultant, Genesis Innovations Group: Stock or stock Options, Globus Medical: IP royalties; Paid consultant. Imagen Technologies: Stock or stock Options, Intelligent Implants: Stock or stock Options. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma: Editorial or governing board, KCI: Paid consultant; Paid presenter or speaker, Metamorphosis AI: Paid consultant; Stock or stock Options, NSite Medical: Stock or stock Options, Orthopaedic Trauma Association: Board or committee member, OsteoCentric: Paid consultant, SI-Bone: IP royalties; Paid consultant, StabilizOrtho: Paid consultant, Stryker: Paid consultant, Synthes: IP royalties; Paid consultant, Wolters Kluwer Health\u2014Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Publishing royalties, financial or material support. Dr. Kali R Tileston American Academy of Pediatrics: Board or committee member. Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America: Board or committee member. Ruth Jackson Orthopaedic Society: Board or committee member. Surgistep: Paid consultant. Dr. Malcolm DeBaun Azra Care: stock or stock options. DePuy, A Johnson & Johnson Company: research support. Next Science: paid consultant; research support. NSite: stock or stock options. Orthopaedic Trauma Association: board or committee member. Osteocentric: IP royalties; paid consultant. Reselute: IP royalties; paid consultant; stock or stock options. Shukla: IP royalties; paid consultant. SI Bone: paid consultant; paid presenter or speaker. Synthes: paid consultant; paid presenter or speaker. Wolters Kluwer Health\u2014Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: publishing royalties, financial or material support. The other authors report no conflict of interest concerning the materials or methods used in this study or the findings specified in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Stanford University.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}