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K.D.I. is a consultant for Alphatec and has research grants from the San Diego Spine Foundation and Scoliosis Research Society. D.L.S. is a consultant for Highridge and Globus Medical and receives royalties from Medtronic, Highridge, Globus Medical, and Wolters Fluwer Health.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study uses anonymized data from a national database and does not require IRB approval or informed consents for use.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}