{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T06:15:37Z","timestamp":1788934537248,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spine Deform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-025-01125-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T04:18:09Z","timestamp":1750738689000},"page":"1709-1721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Neural network-based multi-task learning to assist planning of posterior spinal fusion surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7846-5612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Constant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6542-6975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. Noelle","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7572-6584","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"David W.","family":"Polly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2374-008X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl-Eric","family":"Aubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Minimize Implants Maximize Outcomes Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1125_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.19342","volume":"319","author":"J Dunn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dunn J, Katz DE, Roberts DW, Dormans JP, Weinstein SL (2018) Screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 319(2):173\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2017.19342","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"16","key":"1125_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307337","volume":"369","author":"SL Weinstein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Wright JG, Dobbs MB (2013) Effects of bracing in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. N Engl J Med 369(16):1512\u20131521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1307337","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1125_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2018.01.005","volume":"6","author":"JJ Thomas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thomas JJ, Nelson SC, Boan C, Herring JA (2018) Does school screening affect scoliosis curve magnitude at presentation to a pediatric orthopedic clinic? Spine Deform 6(4):403\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jspd.2018.01.005","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"issue":"1","key":"1125_CR4","first-page":"87","volume":"50","author":"S Negrini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Negrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG, Czaprowski D, Schreiber S, de Mauroy JC et al (2014) Actual evidence in the medical approach to adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 50(1):87\u201392","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"1125_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-018-0169-8","volume":"13","author":"F Le Nav\u00e9aux","year":"2018","unstructured":"Le Nav\u00e9aux F, Larson AN, Labelle H (2018) Significant variability in surgeons\u2019 preferred correction maneuvers and instrumentation strategies when planning adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery. Scoliosis Spinal Disord 13:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13013-018-0169-8","journal-title":"Scoliosis Spinal Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1125_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-023-00756-0","volume":"12","author":"B Schlager","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schlager B, Gro\u00dfkinsky M, Ruf M, Wiedenh\u00f6fer B, Akbar M, Wilke HJ (2024) Range of surgical strategies for individual adolescent idiopathic scoliosis cases: evaluation of a multi-centre survey. Spine Deform 12(1):35\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-023-00756-0","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"issue":"9","key":"1125_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198365090-00012","volume":"65","author":"HA King","year":"1983","unstructured":"King HA, Moe JH, Bradford DS, Winter RB (1983) The selection of fusion levels in thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 65(9):1302\u20131313","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"1125_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200108000-00006","volume":"83","author":"LG Lenke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lenke LG, Betz RR, Harms J, Bridwell KH, Clements DH, Lowe TG et al (2001) Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a new classification to determine extent of spinal arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 83(8):1169\u20131181","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"1125_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-019-02569-7","volume":"30","author":"S Pasha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pasha S, Mac-Thiong JM (2020) Defining criteria for optimal lumbar curve correction following the selective thoracic fusion surgery in Lenke 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: developing a decision tree. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 30(3):513\u2013522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-019-02569-7","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1125_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000197188.76369.13","volume":"31","author":"JD Coe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coe JD, Arlet V, Donaldson W, Berven S, Hanson DS, Mudiyam R et al (2006) Complications in spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in the new millennium. A report of the Scoliosis Research Society Morbidity and Mortality Committee. Spine 31(3):345\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.brs.0000197188.76369.13","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1125_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2023.100236","volume":"15","author":"C Constant","year":"2023","unstructured":"Constant C, Aubin CE, Kremers HM, Garcia DVV, Wyles CC, Rouzrokh P, Larson AN (2023) The use of deep learning in medical imaging to improve spine care: a scoping review of current literature and clinical applications. N Am Spine Soc J 15:100236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xnsj.2023.100236","journal-title":"N Am Spine Soc J"},{"issue":"14","key":"1125_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.22.00752","volume":"105","author":"AN Larson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Larson AN, Upasani VV, Cahill PJ, Alanay A, Miyanji F, Sponseller PD et al (2023) The effect of implant density on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis fusion: Results of the Minimize Implants Maximize Outcomes randomized clinical trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 105(14):1249\u20131257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.22.00752","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"1125_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-023-00755-1","volume":"11","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Aubin CE, Arnoux PJ, Petit Y, Zeng L, Labelle H et al (2023) Concave rod first vs. convex rod first in AIS instrumentation with differential rod contouring: computer modeling and simulations based on ten AIS surgical cases. Spine Deform 11(6):1317\u20131324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-023-00755-1","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"issue":"7s","key":"1125_CR14","first-page":"5083","volume":"29","author":"AKV Dharamvir","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dharamvir AKV (2020) Data normalization techniques on intrusion detection for dataset applications. Int J Adv Sci Technol 29(7s):5083\u20135093","journal-title":"Int J Adv Sci Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1125_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.187","volume":"32","author":"JD Rodriguez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rodriguez JD, Perez A, Lozano JA (2009) Sensitivity analysis of k-fold cross validation in prediction error estimation. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 32(3):569\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.187","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"1125_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caruana R (1993) Multitask learning: a knowledge-based source of inductive bias. In: Proceedings of the tenth international conference on machine learning, Amherst, MA: Morgan Kaufmann. p. 41\u201348.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-307-3.50012-5"},{"issue":"5","key":"1125_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2018.2863263","volume":"66","author":"M Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu M, Cheng D, Yan W, Liu H, Zhang D (2019) Joint classification and regression via deep multi-task multi-channel learning for Alzheimer\u2019s disease diagnosis. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 66(5):1195\u20131206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2018.2863263","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"1125_CR18","volume-title":"British machine vision conference (BMVC)","author":"M Ding","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ding M, Liu M, Utriainen M, Cheng D, Zhang D (2018) DeepInsight: multi-task multi-scale deep learning for mental disorder diagnosis. British machine vision conference (BMVC). BMVA Press, Newcastle"},{"issue":"1","key":"1125_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1274783","volume":"1","author":"TA Elfiky","year":"2011","unstructured":"Elfiky TA, Rosenberg JB, Michael KW, Samdani AF, Betz RR, Bastrom TP et al (2011) The proximal thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: surgical strategy and management outcomes. Glob Spine J 1(1):27\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0031-1274783","journal-title":"Glob Spine J"},{"issue":"14","key":"1125_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181c2a82b","volume":"35","author":"PO Newton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Newton PO, Yaszay B, Upasani VV, Bastrom TP, Betz RR, Lenke LG et al (2010) Preservation of thoracic kyphosis is critical to maintain lumbar lordosis in the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 35(14):1365\u20131370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181c2a82b","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"18","key":"1125_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318252ccbe","volume":"37","author":"KR Cidambi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cidambi KR, Glaser DA, Bastrom TP, Newton PO (2012) Postoperative changes in spinal rod contour in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: an in vivo deformation study. Spine 37(18):1566\u20131572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318252ccbe","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"6","key":"1125_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-4958-1","volume":"26","author":"F Le Nav\u00e9aux","year":"2017","unstructured":"Le Nav\u00e9aux F, Aubin CE, Parent S, Newton PO, Labelle H (2017) 3D rod shape changes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis instrumentation: how much does it impact correction? Eur Spine J 26(6):1676\u20131683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-017-4958-1","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"1125_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2016.09.011","volume":"39","author":"X Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang X, Aubin CE, Arnoux PJ, Petit Y, Zeng L, Labelle H (2016) How does differential rod contouring contribute to 3-dimensional correction and affect the bone-screw forces in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis instrumentation? Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 39:115\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2016.09.011","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"issue":"8","key":"1125_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.08.038","volume":"14","author":"RA Salmingo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salmingo RA, Cheng PG, Nolte LP, Reyes M, Zheng G (2014) Influence of implant rod curvature on sagittal correction of scoliosis deformity. Spine J 14(8):1432\u20131439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.08.038","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"1125_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.10.110","volume":"146","author":"R Lafage","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lafage R, Elysee J, Ames CP, Passias PG, Bess S, Shaffrey CI et al (2021) Predictive model for selection of upper treated vertebra using a machine learning approach. World Neurosurg 146:e225\u2013e232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.10.110","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1125_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06146-5","volume":"24","author":"M Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang M, Li S, Wang L, Yang C, Li X (2023) Correlation between supine flexibility and postoperative correction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 24(1):126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-023-06146-5","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"}],"container-title":["Spine Deformity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43390-025-01125-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43390-025-01125-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43390-025-01125-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T17:51:52Z","timestamp":1763661112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43390-025-01125-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-025-01125-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-134X","2212-1358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-134X","type":"print"},{"value":"2212-1358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests related to this manuscript. They have no financial, personal, or professional relationships within the past three years, or beyond this period, that could be perceived as influencing the research conducted or the preparation of this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study received Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval through the respective committees overseeing the MIMO Clinical Trial (NCT01792609) and research projects at the authors\u2019 institutions, and complies with ethical standards in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All patients provided informed consent for both clinical trial participation and subsequent image analysis. The authors affirm that patients provided informed consent for publication of the radiographs in relevant figures.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}