{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T19:48:46Z","timestamp":1782935326659,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013015","name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spine Deform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study is to determine the trends in use of magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs) over time for the treatment of scoliosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients treated with MCGRs were identified through a multi-center pediatric spine database from 2014 to 2021. MCGR use over time was analyzed with respect to individual variables within the dataset including demographics, etiology, primary vs conversion surgeries, and major curve magnitude.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1,404 patients treated with MCGRs were identified. MCGR usage grew quickly until 2017 and then steadily declined through 2021. There was minimal variation over time with respect to patients\u2019 age and weight. MCGR as the index implant as opposed to revision surgery increased from 67% in 2014 to 99% in 2021. Initially, MCGR utilization was consistent across scoliosis etiologies; however, over time, it grew among neuromuscular patients while decreasing among other etiologies. MCGR use decreased over time for curves with magnitude\u2009&lt;\u200960 degrees, with a corresponding rise in curves\u2009&gt;\u200980 degrees.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Use of MCGRs expanded quickly after initial FDA approval in 2014 with broad indications. Over time, the indications for use of MCGRs have steadily evolved. In recent years, a higher proportion of them are used in neuromuscular scoliosis and larger curves in contrast to declining use in smaller curves.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Level of evidence<\/jats:italic>\n                      : III.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-025-01262-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T02:41:55Z","timestamp":1768963315000},"page":"1093-1098","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Indications for magnetically controlled growing rods have evolved over time"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6669-4514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine D.","family":"Sborov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8041-5860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paal K.","family":"Nilssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3390-7878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsay M.","family":"Andras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0632-3367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Heffernan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6137-5576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David L.","family":"Skaggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2934-6374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul D.","family":"Sponseller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2449-8758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John B.","family":"Emans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter F.","family":"Sturm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"S\u00e1nchez Perez Grueso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7088-5906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth D.","family":"Illingworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Pediatric Spine Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1262_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182773560","volume":"38","author":"BA Akbarnia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Akbarnia BA, Cheung K, Noordeen H et al (2013) Next generation of growth-sparing techniques: preliminary clinical results of a magnetically controlled growing rod in 14 patients with early-onset scoliosis. 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Sborov, Paal K. Nilssen, Francisco Javier S\u00e1nchez Perez Grueso: none. Lindsay M. Andras: Biomet: paid consultant; paid presenter or speaker; Eli Lilly: stock or stock options; Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics: editorial or governing board; Medtronic: paid consultant; paid presenter or speaker; Nuvasive: paid consultant; paid presenter or speaker; Orthobullets: publishing royalties, financial or material support; Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America: board or committee member; Scoliosis Research Society: board or committee member; Zimmer: paid consultant. Michael J. Heffernan: Orthopediatrics: consultant. David L. Skaggs: Pediatric Spine Study Group: financial or material support, board membership; Safety in Spine Surgery: financial or material support, board membership; Highridge: consultant, patent, royalties; Globus Medical: consultant, royalties; Orthobullets: consultant, stock options, editor; Green Sun Medical: investment; Bikur Cholim: medical advisory board; Gasol Foundation: medical advisory board; Medtronic: patents, royalties; Wolters Kluwer Health: publishing royalties; Spine Deformity: editorial board; Orthopedics Today: editorial board; Journal of Children\u2019s Orthopedics: editorial board. John T. Smith: Globus Medical consultant and royalties. Paul D. Sponseller: DePuy consultant, Nuvasive and Orthopediatrics consultant, Royalties from Globus, Deputy Editor for Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. John B. Emans: Journal of Children\u2019s Orthopedics: editorial board. Peter F. Sturm: Globus consultant, Biedermann Motech consultant, Green Sun Medical shareholder. Kenneth D. Illingworth: AlphaTec: consultant; Highridge Medical: speaker. Pediatric Spine Study Group: Pediatric Spine Foundation: financial or material support; Atec: financial or material support; X-med: educational support; MRIGuidance: educational support; VBSpine: educational support; nView Medical: educational support; Atec: educational support; Medtronic: financial or material support, educational support; JNJ Medtech: financial or material support, educational support; Highridge Medical: financial or material support, educational support; OrthoPediatrics: financial or material support, educational support; Globus: financial or material support, educational support.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study has been carried out with approval from the Institutional Review Board at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}