{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T04:55:01Z","timestamp":1789620901641,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Internal Funding"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spine Deform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Radiation-free tools, such as scoliometers, ultrasound, and Moir\u00e9 topography, have been explored for monitoring Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS), but none have replaced the need for serial spinal radiographs. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and criterion validity of a new AI-powered digital health application using 3D surface topography to predict Cobb angles, with the goal of reducing radiation exposure and enabling home-based curve monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a single-center observational study, 125 patients with confirmed or suspected scoliosis underwent smartphone-based 3D surface-topography scans in standing and forward-bending positions. Poor-quality scans (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920) were excluded. Radiographic Cobb angles were used as the gold standard. After random allocation, 79 scans formed the training set and 26 formed the validation set; external data (142 controls, 188 scoliosis patients) were added to strengthen training, and 25 controls were added to the test set. Accuracy was expressed as mean absolute error (MAE) and correlation with radiographs. Criterion validity was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, and AUC at clinically meaningful thresholds (10\u00b0, 25\u00b0, and 40\u00b0).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Across 51 test scans (AIS\u2009+\u2009controls), the algorithm showed a strong correlation with radiographs (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.922, 95% CI 0.866\u20130.955) and an MAE of 5.9\u00b0 (95% CI 4.5\u20137.3). In AIS-only curves of 10\u201350\u00b0, the MAE was 6.4\u00b0 (95% CI 4.4\u20138.3). At 10\u00b0, sensitivity was 0.962, specificity was 0.960, and AUC was 0.978. At 25\u00b0, sensitivity was 0.706, specificity was 0.853, and AUC was 0.917. At 40\u00b0, sensitivity was 0.667, specificity was 1.000, and AUC was 1.000.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This AI-driven 3D surface topography demonstrated high validity for non-radiographic Cobb angle prediction, particularly in mild-to-moderate AIS. It supports safer, more frequent, home-based monitoring, though refinements are needed for severe curves and patients with a higher BMI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-026-01282-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T04:30:37Z","timestamp":1769747437000},"page":"851-858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Artificial intelligence-driven 3D surface-topography app for screening and monitoring adolescent scoliosis: early results from a single institution"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4854-2816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Parent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7050-9849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjolaine","family":"Roy-Beaudry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Dufresne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0365-9921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachelle","family":"Imbeault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soraya","family":"Barchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3180-3642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Beaus\u00e9jour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"1282_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60658-3","volume":"371","author":"SL Weinstein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Cheng JCY, Danielsson A, Morcuende JA (2008) Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. 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MB has received funding PROMPT-IA with Momentum, Mitacs Accelerate International Student Grant. Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec en Sant\u00e9 Junior-2 Salary Award (2022\u20132026). SP has received outside the submitted work: royalties from EOS imaging, he is a co-founder of the company Spinologics Inc., he received consultancy fees from K2M, Medtronic and DePuy Synthes Spine, he received grants from DePuy Synthes Spine, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America, Scoliosis Research Society, Medtronic, EOS imaging, Canadian Foundation for Innovation, Setting Scoliosis Straight Foundation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada, Fonds de recherche Qu\u00e9bec-Sant\u00e9, grants, and the Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation, he received fellowship support from DePuy Synthes and Medtronic, he is the holder of the Academic Chair in Pediatric Spinal Deformities at CHU Ste-Justine, and he is a member of the speaker bureau of Orthopaediatrics.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the CHU Sainte-Justine.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All research participants or their legal guardians provided written consent to be part of the database and to have the data collected used in ongoing research on scoliosis.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"We obtained consent from the responsible authorities\u00a0to submit this scientific work.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}