{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:08:44Z","timestamp":1788872924951,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006034","name":"University of Southern California","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006034","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spine Deform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluate the utility of intraoperative traction (IOT) during posterior spinal fusion (PSF) in a matched cohort at a high-volume neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A nested case\u2013control study was performed on a single-center retrospective database of NMS patients. Those diagnosed with cerebral palsy were pair-matched by age (\u00b1\u20091\u00a0year), preoperative curve magnitude (\u00b1\u200910\u00b0), preoperative traction curve magnitude (\u00b1\u200910\u00b0), and flexibility index (\u00b1\u20095%). Paired\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to analyze continuous variables between groups. Fisher\u2019s Exact tests were used to compare categorical variables by group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-one unique case\u2013control matches were identified (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200962). IOT and non-IOT groups were similar in terms of EBL 855 (IQR 500\u20131200) vs. 800 (IQR 650\u20131350) cc (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.60), length of ICU stay 1.7 (IQR 1.0\u20132.7) vs. 2.3 (IQR 1.7\u20133.1) days (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.14), BMI 18.0 (IQR 14\u201320) vs. 15.5 (IQR 14\u201318) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.10), sex distribution 54.8% vs. 51.6% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.99), and changes in neuromonitoring signals 4\/31 (13%) vs. 3\/31 (10%) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.99). Complication rate was 22.6% (7\/31) for IOT and 25.8% (8\/31) for non-IOT (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.999). There were no statistical differences in surgical time 414\u2009\u00b1\u2009131 vs. 397\u2009\u00b1\u2009133\u00a0min (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.64) or anesthesia time 551\u2009\u00b1\u2009136 vs. 529\u2009\u00b1\u2009135\u00a0min (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.56). Both groups had similar postoperative curve magnitude IOT\u2009=\u200937\u00b0 vs. non-IOT\u2009=\u200942\u00b0 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.28) and percent curve correction IOT\u2009=\u200960% vs. non-IOT\u2009=\u200956% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.30). Percent correction of pelvic obliquity was also similar 78% (IQR 67\u201390) vs. 68% (IQR 60\u201391) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.18) between groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no difference in postoperative curve correction or pelvic obliquity between those treated with IOT versus those without during PSF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>III.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-026-01354-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T03:50:40Z","timestamp":1775101840000},"page":"1871-1879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intraoperative traction does not improve curve correction or pelvic obliquity within a matched cohort of patients with neuromuscular scoliosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ian","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair W.","family":"Sterns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacquelyn N.","family":"Valenzuela-Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler A.","family":"Tetreault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efrain","family":"Amaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard K.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay M.","family":"Andras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0632-3367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Heffernan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"1354_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2012.11.002","volume":"99","author":"R Vialle","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vialle R, Thevenin-Lemoine C, Mary P (2013) Neuromuscular scoliosis. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 99(1 Suppl):S124\u2013S139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2012.11.002","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1354_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2010.09.015","volume":"3","author":"Y Gu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gu Y, Shelton JE, Ketchum JM et al (2011) Natural history of scoliosis in nonambulatory spastic tetraplegic cerebral palsy. PM&R 3(1):27\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmrj.2010.09.015","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"issue":"2","key":"1354_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-019-09552-8","volume":"12","author":"RF Murphy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Murphy RF, Mooney JF 3rd (2019) Current concepts in neuromuscular scoliosis. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 12(2):220\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12178-019-09552-8","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1354_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198507000-00002","volume":"5","author":"D Drummond","year":"1985","unstructured":"Drummond D, Breed AL, Narechania R (1985) Relationship of spine deformity and pelvic obliquity on sitting pressure distributions and decubitus ulceration. J Pediatr Orthop 5(4):396\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01241398-198507000-00002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"1354_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-021-00346-y","volume":"9","author":"W Yen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yen W, Gartenberg A, Cho W (2021) Pelvic obliquity associated with neuromuscular scoliosis in cerebral palsy: cause and treatment. Spine Deform 9(5):1259\u20131265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-021-00346-y","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"issue":"6","key":"1354_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000497","volume":"36","author":"JT Brooks","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brooks JT, Sponseller PD (2016) What\u2019s new in the management of neuromuscular scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop 36(6):627\u2013633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000497","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"1354_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.09.006","author":"YCD Gu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gu YCD, Jermer-Gu MK, Ketchem J, Merdigorin M, Palmer D, Shelton JE, Sparkman A (2008) Course 449: pediatrics: natural history of scoliosis in spastic tetriplegic cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.09.006","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"1354_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-020-00268-1","volume":"9","author":"N Tondevold","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tondevold N, Bari TJ, Andersen TB, Gehrchen M (2021) Intraoperative traction in neuromuscular scoliosis surgery improves major curve correction when fusing to L5. Spine Deform 9(3):769\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-020-00268-1","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"issue":"3","key":"1354_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e262614","DOI":"10.1590\/s1808-185120222103262614","volume":"21","author":"BL Nunes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nunes BL, Zanotto DS, Lima CC, Senna G, Silva LTPE, Nascimento JE et al (2022) Analysis of patients submitted to surgical treatment for neuromuscular scoliosis with and without intraoperative traction. Coulna\/Columna 21(3):e262614","journal-title":"Coulna\/Columna"},{"issue":"2","key":"1354_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-024-08598-8","volume":"34","author":"GH Coughlin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Coughlin GH, Shah SA, Gupta A, Bauer JM (2025) The use of skin traction as an intraoperative adjunct for correction during pediatric neuromuscular scoliosis correction. Eur Spine J 34(2):602\u2013609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-024-08598-8","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1354_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0852-1","volume":"18","author":"SN Jhaveri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jhaveri SN, Zeller R, Miller S, Lewis SJ (2009) The effect of intra-operative skeletal (skull femoral) traction on apical vertebral rotation. Eur Spine J 18(3):352\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-008-0852-1","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1354_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.31053\/1853.0605.v77.n3.27931","volume":"77","author":"G Camino Willhuber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Camino Willhuber G, Slullitel P, Taype Zamboni D et al (2020) Validation of a modified Clavien-Dindo classification for postoperative complications in orthopedic surgery. Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba 77(3):161\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31053\/1853.0605.v77.n3.27931","journal-title":"Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba"},{"issue":"20","key":"1354_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000238964.73390.b6","volume":"31","author":"K Takeshita","year":"2006","unstructured":"Takeshita K, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ, Sides B, Hensley M (2006) Analysis of patients with nonambulatory neuromuscular scoliosis surgically treated to the pelvis with intraoperative halo-femoral traction. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 31(20):2381\u20132385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.brs.0000238964.73390.b6","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"1354_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e278","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001151","volume":"38","author":"TJ Jackson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jackson TJ, Yaszay B, Pahys JM et al (2018) Intraoperative traction may be a viable alternative to anterior surgery in cerebral palsy scoliosis >\/=100 degrees. J Pediatr Orthop May\/Jun 38(5):e278\u2013e284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001151","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop May\/Jun"},{"issue":"4","key":"1354_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-023-00682-1","volume":"11","author":"S Barik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barik S, Prajapati S, Raj V, Vatkar A, Kumar V (2023) Role of intra-operative traction in deformity correction in neuromuscular scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine Deform 11(4):787\u2013796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-023-00682-1","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"issue":"6","key":"1354_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-024-08221-w","volume":"33","author":"HI Berends","year":"2024","unstructured":"Berends HI, Stadhouder A, van Royen BJ, Journee HL, Gouw AA (2024) Risk factors for neurophysiological events related to intraoperative halo-femoral traction in spinal deformity surgery. Eur Spine J 33(6):2476\u20132485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-024-08221-w","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"7","key":"1354_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181e193e9","volume":"36","author":"DL Master","year":"2011","unstructured":"Master DL, Son-Hing JP, Poe-Kochert C, Armstrong DG, Thompson GH (2011) Risk factors for major complications after surgery for neuromuscular scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 36(7):564\u2013571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181e193e9","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"1354_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-3-9","volume":"3","author":"HR Weiss","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weiss HR, Goodall D (2008) Rate of complications in scoliosis surgery\u2014a systematic review of the Pub Med literature. Scoliosis 3:9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1748-7161-3-9","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1354_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpb.0000271321.10869.98","volume":"27","author":"F Mohamad","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mohamad F, Parent S, Pawelek J et al (2007) Perioperative complications after surgical correction in neuromuscular scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop 27(4):392\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.bpb.0000271321.10869.98","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"13","key":"1354_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000219874.46680.87","volume":"31","author":"R Vialle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vialle R, Delecourt C, Morin C (2006) Surgical treatment of scoliosis with pelvic obliquity in cerebral palsy: the influence of intraoperative traction. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 31(13):1461\u20131466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.brs.0000219874.46680.87","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"10","key":"1354_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E427","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d9527e","volume":"35","author":"KA Keeler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Keeler KA, Lenke LG, Good CR, Bridwell KH, Sides B, Luhmann SJ (2010) Spinal fusion for spastic neuromuscular scoliosis: is anterior releasing necessary when intraoperative halo-femoral traction is used? Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 35(10):E427\u2013E433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d9527e","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1354_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1097\/00004694-200411000-00014","volume":"24","author":"CT Mehlman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mehlman CT, Al-Sayyad MJ, Crawford AH (2004) Effectiveness of spinal release and halo-femoral traction in the management of severe spinal deformity. J Pediatr Orthop 24(6):667\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004694-200411000-00014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"1354_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-021-00316-4","volume":"9","author":"DR Bachman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bachman DR, Singh LK, Anderson JT, Schwend RM (2021) An intraoperative laterally placed distractor for gradual load sharing correction of severe spastic neuromuscular spinal deformity. Spine Deform 9(4):1137\u20131144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-021-00316-4","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"issue":"11","key":"1354_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3162","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-021-06902-4","volume":"30","author":"J Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang J, Han B, Hai Y, Su Q, Chen Y (2021) How helpful is the halo-gravity traction in severe spinal deformity patients?: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Spine J 30(11):3162\u20133171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-021-06902-4","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"6","key":"1354_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-010-1523-8","volume":"15","author":"K Watanabe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Watanabe K, Lenke LG, Bridwell KH, Kim YJ, Hensley M, Koester L (2010) Efficacy of perioperative halo-gravity traction for treatment of severe scoliosis (>\/=100 degrees ). J Orthop Sci 15(6):720\u2013730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00776-010-1523-8","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1354_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2744","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682251314382","volume":"15","author":"YS Lo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lo YS, Lin EE, Yeh CW et al (2025) Evaluating the efficacy and safety of halo-femoral traction and halo-gravity traction techniques in severe kyphoscoliosis with Spinal Cord Risk Classification (SCRC) Type 3 over the apex. Global Spine J 15(5):2744\u20132753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21925682251314382","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1354_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-021-00461-w","volume":"10","author":"T Bane","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bane T, Luhmann SJ (2022) Predicting the impact of intraoperative halo-femoral traction from preoperative imaging in neuromuscular scoliosis. Spine Deform 10(3):679\u2013687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-021-00461-w","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"issue":"8","key":"1354_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318277c874","volume":"38","author":"AG Kulkarni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kulkarni AG, Shah SP (2013) Intraoperative skull-femoral (skeletal) traction in surgical correction of severe scoliosis (>80 degrees ) in adult neglected scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 38(8):659\u2013664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318277c874","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"7","key":"1354_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00223081","volume":"23","author":"JE Pruijs","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pruijs JE, Hageman MA, Keessen W, van der Meer R, van Wieringen JC (1994) Variation in Cobb angle measurements in scoliosis. Skeletal Radiol 23(7):517\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00223081","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1354_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072030-00002","volume":"72","author":"RT Morrissy","year":"1990","unstructured":"Morrissy RT, Goldsmith GS, Hall EC, Kehl D, Cowie GH (1990) Measurement of the Cobb angle on radiographs of patients who have scoliosis. Evaluation of intrinsic error. J Bone Jt Surg Am 72(3):320\u2013327","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"1354_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072030-00003","volume":"72","author":"DL Carman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Carman DL, Browne RH, Birch JG (1990) Measurement of scoliosis and kyphosis radiographs. Intraobserver and interobserver variation. J Bone Jt Surg Am 72(3):328\u2013333","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"1354_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-023-00613-z","volume":"10","author":"A Moharrami","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moharrami A, Mirghaderi P, Hoseini Zare N, Moazen-Jamshidi MM, Ebrahimian M, Mortazavi SMJ (2023) Slight pelvic obliquity is normal in a healthy population: a cross-sectional study. J Exp Orthop 10(1):57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40634-023-00613-z","journal-title":"J Exp Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"1354_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-020-00165-7","volume":"8","author":"B Yaszay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yaszay B, Bartley CE, Sponseller PD et al (2020) Major complications following surgical correction of spine deformity in 257 patients with cerebral palsy. Spine Deform 8(6):1305\u20131312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-020-00165-7","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"issue":"7","key":"1354_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.96B7.33423","volume":"96-B","author":"AD Duckworth","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duckworth AD, Mitchell MJ, Tsirikos AI (2014) Incidence and risk factors for post-operative complications after scoliosis surgery in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy\u202f: a comparison with other neuromuscular conditions. Bone Jt J 96-B(7):943\u2013949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.96B7.33423","journal-title":"Bone Jt J"},{"issue":"18","key":"1354_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181f3a326","volume":"36","author":"DL Reames","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reames DL, Smith JS, Fu KM et al (2011) Complications in the surgical treatment of 19,360 cases of pediatric scoliosis: a review of the Scoliosis Research Society Morbidity and Mortality database. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 36(18):1484\u20131491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181f3a326","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1354_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-023-00813-8","volume":"12","author":"S Rajkumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rajkumar S, Iyer RR, Stone L et al (2024) Frequency and predictors of complication clustering within 30 days of spinal fusion surgery: a study of children with neuromuscular scoliosis. Spine Deform 12(3):727\u2013738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-023-00813-8","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"issue":"6","key":"1354_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199811000-00006","volume":"18","author":"G Szoke","year":"1998","unstructured":"Szoke G, Lipton G, Miller F, Dabney K (1998) Wound infection after spinal fusion in children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 18(6):727\u2013733","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"1354_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E179","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181db7afe","volume":"36","author":"DL Master","year":"2011","unstructured":"Master DL, Poe-Kochert C, Son-Hing J, Armstrong DG, Thompson GH (2011) Wound infections after surgery for neuromuscular scoliosis: risk factors and treatment outcomes. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 36(3):E179\u2013E185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181db7afe","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"19","key":"1354_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200010010-00007","volume":"25","author":"PD Sponseller","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sponseller PD, LaPorte DM, Hungerford MW, Eck K, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG (2000) Deep wound infections after neuromuscular scoliosis surgery: a multicenter study of risk factors and treatment outcomes. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 25(19):2461\u20132466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200010010-00007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"1354_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Padhye KP, Hurry J, El-Hawary R, Orlik B (2022) Intraoperative traction in scoliosis: a safe and an effective tool to achieve better correction. Orthop Rheumatol Open Access J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19080\/OROAJ.2022.20.556040","DOI":"10.19080\/OROAJ.2022.20.556040"},{"issue":"13","key":"1354_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002461","volume":"43","author":"J Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang J, Skaggs DL, Chan P et al (2018) Raising mean arterial pressure alone restores 20% of intraoperative neuromonitoring losses. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 43(13):890\u2013894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002461","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1354_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.218.2.r01ja32402","volume":"218","author":"H Geijer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Geijer H, Beckman K, Jonsson B, Andersson T, Persliden J (2001) Digital radiography of scoliosis with a scanning method: initial evaluation. Radiology 218(2):402\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiology.218.2.r01ja32402","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1354_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-002-1476-1","volume":"13","author":"H Geijer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Geijer H, Verdonck B, Beckman KW, Andersson T, Persliden J (2003) Digital radiography of scoliosis with a scanning method: radiation dose optimization. Eur Radiol 13(3):543\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-002-1476-1","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1354_CR44","first-page":"171","volume":"43","author":"C Gross","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gross C, Gross M, Kuschner S (1983) Error analysis of scoliosis curvature measurement. Bull Hosp Jt Dis Orthop Inst Fall 43(2):171\u2013177","journal-title":"Bull Hosp Jt Dis Orthop Inst Fall"}],"container-title":["Spine Deformity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43390-026-01354-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43390-026-01354-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43390-026-01354-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:31:33Z","timestamp":1788870693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43390-026-01354-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1354"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43390-026-01354-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-134X","2212-1358"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-134X","type":"print"},{"value":"2212-1358","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Lindsay M. Andras, MD: Eli Lilly: Stock or stock Options, Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics: Editorial or governing board, Nuvasive: Paid consultant; Paid presenter or speaker, Orthobullets: Publishing royalties, financial or material support, Orthopediatrics: Royalties, Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America: Board or committee member, Scoliosis Research Society: Board or committee member, Zimmer Biomet: Paid presenter or speaker. Michael J. Heffernan, MD: Orthopediatrics: Consultant, Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America: Board or committee member, Scoliosis Research Society: Board or committee member. Authors Ian E. Fletcher, Alastair W. Sterns, Jacquelyn N. Valenzuela-Moss, Tyler A. Tetreault, Tiffany N. Phan, Efrain Amaro, and Gerard K. Williams declare that they have nothing to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study has been carried out with approval from the Institutional Review Board at Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"A waiver of informed consent was granted by the Institutional Review Board at Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles due to the retrospective nature of this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}