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JLR, MA, and ME have declared no conflicts of interest. MGV reports grants and personal fees from Biomet, grants and nonfinancial support from Pediatric Spine Foundation, personal fees from East Coast Orthotics and Prosthetics, other from FOX, nonfinancial support from IPOS, grants from OREF, grants and nonfinancial support from POSNA, grants and nonfinancial support from Project for Safety in Spine Surgery, grants from OSRF, grants from SRS, personal fees from Stryker, nonfinancial support from Wellinks, outside the submitted work.\u00a0DLS is a consultant for Highridge, Globus Medical, Top Doctors, and Orthobullets and receives royalties from Medtronic, Highridge, Globus Medical, and Wolters Fluwer Health. DLS has received grant funding from Globus Medical. DLS has patents with Medtronic and Highridge. ZMS is a consultant for Medtronic and Carlsmed and has grants from NSHF, ATEC, and AMGEN.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study uses anonymized data and does not require ethics approval.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}