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VC is a consultant for Depuy Synthes and Orthopediatrics. DS received grants from the Pediatric Spine Study Group and the Safety in Spine Surgery Project, is a consultant for Highridge, Globus Medical, and Orthobullets, and holds stock options in Orthobullets and investment in Green Sun Medical, serves on the boards of the Pediatric Spine Foundation and the Safety in Spine Surgery Project, and on medical advisory boards for Bikur Cholim and the Gasol Foundation, holds patents and receives royalties from Medtronic, Highridge, Globus Medical, and Wolters Kluwer Health, and is Co-Editor-in-Chief of Orthobullets and serves on the editorial boards of\n                      Spine Deformity\n                      ,\n                      Orthopedics Today\n                      , and the\n                      Journal of Children\u2019s Orthopaedics\n                      . KI is a consultant for AlphaTec, speaker for Highridge Medical, and received grants from Scoliosis Research Society, San Diego Spine Foundation, and Pediatric Spine Study Group. CW is a consultant for AlphaTec and Anthrex.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Institutional review board approval was obtained from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center prior to initiation of the study. As this was a retrospective observational study involving analysis of existing data, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the IRB.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}