{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:19:05Z","timestamp":1782728345214,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacol. Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-021-00255-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T02:02:25Z","timestamp":1618970545000},"page":"712-727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Role of pirfenidone in TGF-\u03b2 pathways and other inflammatory pathways in acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a theoretical perspective"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1307-3340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Hootan","family":"Hamidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandhya","family":"Kadamboor Veethil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyedeh Harir","family":"Hamidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"255_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105951","volume":"55","author":"H Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li H, Liu SM, Yu XH, Tang SL, Tang CK. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): current status and future perspectives. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55(5):105951.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"255_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01446","volume":"11","author":"D Ragab","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ragab D, Salah Eldin H, Taeimah M, Khattab R, Salem R. The COVID-19 cytokine storm; what we know so far. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1446.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"255_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061917","volume":"9","author":"K Lechowicz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lechowicz K, Dro\u017cd\u017cal S, Machaj F, Rosik J, Szostak B, Zegan-Bara\u0144ska M, et al. COVID-19: the potential treatment of pulmonary fibrosis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Clin Med. 2020;9(6):1917.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"255_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.87a.ccc008","volume":"87","author":"LH Calabrese","year":"2020","unstructured":"Calabrese LH. Cytokine storm and the prospects for immunotherapy with COVID-19. Cleve Clin J Med. 2020;87(7):389\u201393.","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"255_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201609-728PS","volume":"14","author":"P Cardinal-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cardinal-Fern\u00e1ndez P, Lorente JA, Ball\u00e9n-Barrag\u00e1n A, Matute-Bello G. Acute respiratory distress syndrome and diffuse alveolar damage. New insights on a complex relationship. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017;14(6):844\u201350.","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc."},{"issue":"7","key":"255_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.337130057","volume":"33","author":"SJ Kligerman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kligerman SJ, Franks TJ, Galvin JR. From the radiologic pathology archives: organization and fibrosis as a response to lung injury in diffuse alveolar damage, organizing pneumonia, and acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia. Radiographics. 2013;33(7):1951\u201375.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"255_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03683-5_15","volume-title":"Molecular biology of the SARS-coronavirus Heidelberg","author":"W Zuo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zuo W, Zhao X, Chen YG. SARS coronavirus and lung fibrosis. In: Molecular biology of the SARS-coronavirus Heidelberg. Berlin: Springer; 2010. p. 247\u201358."},{"key":"255_CR8","volume-title":"Advances in enzyme regulation","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weber G, editor. Advances in enzyme regulation. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2003."},{"issue":"3","key":"255_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E374","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1306798111","volume":"111","author":"DM Peters","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peters DM, Vad\u00e1sz I, Wujak L, Wygrecka M, Olschewski A, Becker C, et al. TGF-\u03b2 directs trafficking of the epithelial sodium channel ENaC which has implications for ion and fluid transport in acute lung injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(3):E374\u201383.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"255_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1322478111","volume":"111","author":"JA Frank","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frank JA, Matthay MA. TGF-\u03b2 and lung fluid balance in ARDS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(3):885\u20136.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"16","key":"255_CR11","first-page":"271","volume":"117","author":"M Dreher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dreher M, Kersten A, Bickenbach J, et al. The characteristics of 50 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without ARDS. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2020;117(16):271\u20138.","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"255_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.46891","volume":"16","author":"W Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen W. A potential treatment of COVID-19 with TGF-\u03b2 blockade. Int J Biol Sci. 2020;16(11):1954\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"255_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbior.2020.100741","volume":"77","author":"G Sch\u00f6nrich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6nrich G, Raftery MJ, Samstag Y. Devilishly radical NETwork in COVID-19: oxidative stress, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and T cell suppression. Adv Biol Regul. 2020;77:100741.","journal-title":"Adv Biol Regul"},{"issue":"2","key":"255_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1967","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1967","volume":"28","author":"H Mirzaei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mirzaei H, Faghihloo E. Viruses as key modulators of the TGF-\u03b2 pathway; a double-edged sword involved in cancer. Rev Med Virol. 2018;28(2):e1967.","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"255_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25754","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25754","volume":"6","author":"SW Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li SW, Wang CY, Jou YJ, Yang TC, Huang SH, Wan L, et al. SARS coronavirus papain-like protease induces Egr-1-dependent upregulation of TGF-\u03b21 via ROS\/p38 MAPK\/STAT3 pathway. Sci Rep. 2016;6:25754.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"255_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7841","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.12.7841","volume":"172","author":"CH Lee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lee CH, Chen RF, Liu JW, Yeh WT, Chang JC, Liu PM, et al. Altered p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression in different leukocytes with increment of immunosuppressive mediators in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. J Immunol. 2004;172(12):7841\u20137.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"255_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1747363","volume":"9","author":"Y Xiong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiong Y, Liu Y, Cao L, Wang D, Guo M, Jiang A, et al. Transcriptomic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):761\u201370.","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"255_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01445-6","volume":"21","author":"J Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu J, Xu X, Jiang L, Dua K, Hansbro PM, Liu G. SARS-CoV-2 induces transcriptional signatures in human lung epithelial cells that promote lung fibrosis. Respir Res. 2020;21(1):182.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"255_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25735","volume":"92","author":"P Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun P, Qie S, Liu Z, Ren J, Li K, Xi J. Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a single arm meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2020;92(6):612\u20137.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"15","key":"255_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa329","volume":"71","author":"TC Hanff","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hanff TC, Harhay MO, Brown TS, Cohen JB, Mohareb AM. Is there an association between COVID-19 mortality and the renin-angiotensin system? A call for epidemiologic investigations. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(15):870\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"255_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102463","volume":"112","author":"G Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li G, He X, Zhang L, Ran Q, Wang J, Xiong A, et al. Assessing ACE2 expression patterns in lung tissues in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. J Autoimmun. 2020;112:102463.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"7","key":"255_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-020-0455-8","volume":"43","author":"H Kai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kai H, Kai M. Interactions of coronaviruses with ACE2, angiotensin II, and RAS inhibitors-lessons from available evidence and insights into COVID-19. Hypertens Res. 2020;43(7):648\u201354.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"255_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4825","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15082","volume":"177","author":"K Sriram","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sriram K, Insel PA. A hypothesis for pathobiology and treatment of COVID-19: the centrality of ACE1\/ACE2 imbalance. Br J Pharmacol. 2020;177(21):4825\u201344.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"255_CR24","unstructured":"Uckun FM, Hwang L, Trieu V. Selectively targeting TGF-\u03b2 with Trabedersen\/OT-101 in treatment of evolving and mild ADRS in COVID-19. Clin Invest. 2020;10(2):167\u2013176."},{"issue":"6","key":"255_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M708033200","volume":"283","author":"X Zhao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhao X, Nicholls JM, Chen YG. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus nucleocapsid protein interacts with Smad3 and modulates transforming growth factor-beta signaling. J Biol Chem. 2008;283(6):3272\u201380.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"255_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chatterjee S. Understanding the nature of variations in structural sequences coding for coronavirus spike, envelope, membrane and nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Envelope, Membrane and Nucleocapsid Proteins of SARS-CoV-2. 2020.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3562504"},{"key":"255_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01644","volume":"8","author":"J Hamacher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamacher J, Hadizamani Y, Borgmann M, Mohaupt M, M\u00e4nnel DN, Moehrlen U, et al. Cytokine\u2013ion channel interactions in pulmonary inflammation. Front Immunol. 2018;8:1644.","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"255_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2598","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02598","volume":"9","author":"I Vad\u00e1sz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vad\u00e1sz I, Lucas R. Editorial: cytokine\u2013ion channel interactions in pulmonary inflammation. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2598.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"7351","key":"255_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10152","volume":"474","author":"M Shi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shi M, Zhu J, Wang R, Chen X, Mi L, Walz T, et al. Latent TGF-\u03b2 structure and activation. Nature. 2011;474(7351):343\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"255_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2007.11.026","volume":"40","author":"G Jenkins","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jenkins G. The role of proteases in transforming growth factor-beta activation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2008;40(6\u20137):1068\u201378.","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"255_CR31","first-page":"565","volume":"1","author":"RM Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu RM, Desai LP. Reciprocal regulation of TGF-\u03b2 and reactive oxygen species: a perverse cycle for fibrosis. Redox Biol. 2015;1(6):565\u201377.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"255_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.09.026","volume":"48","author":"RM Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu RM, Gaston Pravia KA. Oxidative stress and glutathione in TGF-beta-mediated fibrogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010;48(1):1\u201315.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"255_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01231","volume":"5","author":"H Yokoyama","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yokoyama H, Masaki T, Inoue I, Nakamura M, Mezaki Y, Saeki C, et al. Histological and biochemical evaluation of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 activation and its clinical significance in patients with chronic liver disease. Heliyon. 2019;5(2):e01231.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"25","key":"255_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10490","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.752469","volume":"292","author":"S Ghatak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghatak S, Hascall VC, Markwald RR, Feghali-Bostwick C, Artlett CM, Gooz M, et al. Transforming growth factor \u03b21 (TGF\u03b21)-induced CD44V6-NOX4 signaling in pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Biol Chem. 2017;292(25):10490\u2013519.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"255_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36968","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36968","volume":"6","author":"HI Song","year":"2016","unstructured":"Song HI, Yoon MS. PLD1 regulates adipogenic differentiation through mTOR - IRS-1 phosphorylation at serine 636\/639. Sci Rep. 2016;6:36968.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"43","key":"255_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35953","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.370155","volume":"287","author":"YV Shulga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shulga YV, Anderson RA, Topham MK, Epand RM. Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase isoforms exhibit acyl chain selectivity for both substrate and lipid activator. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(43):35953\u201363.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"255_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-016-2445-3","volume":"365","author":"K Richter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Richter K, Kietzmann T. Reactive oxygen species and fibrosis: further evidence of a significant liaison. Cell Tissue Res. 2016;365(3):591\u2013605.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"255_CR38","first-page":"1806","volume":"43","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheng Y, Zhou M, Zhou W. MicroRNA-30e regulates TGF-\u03b2-mediated NADPH oxidase 4-dependent oxidative stress by Snai1 in atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Med. 2019;43(4):1806\u201316.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"255_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dass E. Brief review of N-acetylcysteine as antiviral agent: potential application in COVID-19. J  Biomed Pharm Res. 2020;9(3):69\u201373.","DOI":"10.32553\/jbpr.v9i3.764"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"255_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2008.08.006","volume":"30","author":"HJ Forman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Forman HJ, Zhang H, Rinna A. Glutathione: overview of its protective roles, measurement, and biosynthesis. Mol Aspects Med. 2009;30(1\u20132):1\u201312.","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"255_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox7050062","volume":"7","author":"C Gaucher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gaucher C, Boudier A, Bonetti J, Clarot I, Leroy P, Parent M. Glutathione: antioxidant properties dedicated to nanotechnologies. Antioxidants (Basel). 2018;7(5):62.","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"255_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.5.1397","volume":"100","author":"ER Pacht","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pacht ER, Timerman AP, Lykens MG, Merola AJ. Deficiency of alveolar fluid glutathione in patients with sepsis and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Chest. 1991;100(5):1397\u2013403.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"255_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2010.10.001","volume":"81","author":"NS Gould","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gould NS, Day BJ. Targeting maladaptive glutathione responses in lung disease. Biochem Pharmacol. 2011;81(2):187\u201393.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"255_CR44","first-page":"121","volume":"6","author":"S Derouiche","year":"2020","unstructured":"Derouiche S. Oxidative stress associated with SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) increases the severity of the lung disease-a systematic review. J Infect Dis Epidemiol. 2020;6:121.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"255_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nem040","volume":"5","author":"J Prousky","year":"2008","unstructured":"Prousky J. The treatment of pulmonary diseases and respiratory-related conditions with inhaled (nebulized or aerosolized) glutathione. Evid-Based Complement Altern Med. 2008;5(1):27\u201335.","journal-title":"Evid-Based Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"255_CR46","first-page":"101063","volume":"30","author":"RI Horowitz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Horowitz RI, Freeman PR, Bruzzese J. Efficacy of glutathione therapy in relieving dyspnea associated with COVID-19 pneumonia: a report of 2 cases. Respir Med Case Rep. 2020;30:101063.","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"255_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22818","volume":"28","author":"W Dietz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dietz W, Santos-Burgoa C. Obesity and its implications for COVID-19 mortality. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020;28(6):1005.","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"11","key":"255_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2009.2634","volume":"12","author":"M Mar\u00ed","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mar\u00ed M, Colell A, Morales A, von Montfort C, Garcia-Ruiz C, Fern\u00e1ndez-Checa JC. Redox control of liver function in health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2010;12(11):1295\u2013331.","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"5","key":"255_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.17.5.2833","volume":"17","author":"K Arsalane","year":"1997","unstructured":"Arsalane K, Dubois CM, Muanza T, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta1 is a potent inhibitor of glutathione synthesis in the lung epithelial cell line A549: transcriptional effect on the GSH rate-limiting enzyme gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1997;17(5):599\u2013607.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"255_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470475973","volume-title":"Glutathione and sulfur amino acids in human health and disease","author":"R Masella","year":"2009","unstructured":"Masella R, Mazza G. Glutathione and sulfur amino acids in human health and disease. Hoboken: Wiley; 2009."},{"key":"255_CR51","first-page":"293","volume-title":"Ventilator-induced lung injury","author":"JD Ricard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ricard JD, Dreyfuss D, Saumon G. Interaction of VILI with previous lung alterations. In: Ventilator-induced lung injury, vol. 215. New York: Taylor & Francis; 2006. p. 293\u2013314."},{"key":"255_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174306","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/174306","volume":"2011","author":"MI Hollenhorst","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hollenhorst MI, Richter K, Fronius M. Ion transport by pulmonary epithelia. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:174306.","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"issue":"12","key":"255_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1240","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002720","volume":"45","author":"X Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li X, Vargas Buonfiglio LG, Adam RJ, Stoltz DA, Zabner J, Comellas AP. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator potentiation as a therapeutic strategy for pulmonary edema: a proof-of-concept study in pigs. Crit Care Med. 2017;45(12):e1240\u20136.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"255_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.119.2.199","volume":"119","author":"X Fang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fang X, Fukuda N, Barbry P, Sartori C, Verkman AS, Matthay MA. Novel role for CFTR in fluid absorption from the distal airspaces of the lung. J Gen Physiol. 2002;119(2):199\u2013207.","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"255_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00178.2005","volume":"290","author":"X Fang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fang X, Song Y, Hirsch J, Galietta LJ, Pedemonte N, Zemans RL, et al. Contribution of CFTR to apical-basolateral fluid transport in cultured human alveolar epithelial type II cells [published correction appears in Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2006 May;290(5):L1044]. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2006;290(2):242\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol."},{"key":"255_CR56","volume-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome","year":"2003","unstructured":"Matthay MA, editor. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2003."},{"issue":"11","key":"255_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201403-0535OE","volume":"189","author":"MA Matthay","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matthay MA. Resolution of pulmonary edema. Thirty years of progress. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;189(11):1301\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"255_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2008.10.004","volume":"8","author":"L Tang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tang L, Fatehi M, Linsdell P. Mechanism of direct bicarbonate transport by the CFTR anion channel. J Cyst Fibros. 2009;8(2):115\u201321.","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"255_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3589403","author":"\u00c1 Zsembery","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zsembery \u00c1, K\u00e1d\u00e1r K, Jaikumpun P, Deli M, Jakab F, Dobay O. Bicarbonate: an ancient concept to defeat pathogens in light of recent findings beneficial for COVID-19 patients? SSRN J. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3589403.","journal-title":"SSRN J."},{"issue":"Suppl 40","key":"255_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23247","volume":"50","author":"D Borowitz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Borowitz D. CFTR, bicarbonate, and the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015;50(Suppl 40):S24\u201330.","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"2","key":"255_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1159\/000508291","volume":"93","author":"ME Street","year":"2020","unstructured":"Street ME. HMGB1: a possible crucial therapeutic target for COVID-19? Horm Res Paediatr. 2020;93(2):73\u20135.","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"255_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erfinanda L, Lin Z, Gutbier B, Reppe K, Lienau J, Hocke A, Liedtke W, Witzenrath M, Kuebler WM. Loss of CFTR causes endothelial barrier failure in pneumonia via inhibition of WNK1 and TRPV4 activation. Eur Respir J. 2017;50(61).","DOI":"10.1183\/1393003.congress-2017.PA1874"},{"issue":"4","key":"255_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F961","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00192.2007","volume":"293","author":"JB Peng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peng JB, Warnock DG. WNK4-mediated regulation of renal ion transport proteins. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2007;293(4):F961\u201373.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"255_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2004.04.026","volume":"298","author":"KL Howe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Howe KL, Wang A, Hunter MM, Stanton BA, McKay DM. TGFbeta downregulation of the CFTR: a means to limit epithelial chloride secretion. Exp Cell Res. 2004;298(2):473\u201384.","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"255_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.01.007","volume":"25","author":"M Shekarabi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shekarabi M, Zhang J, Khanna AR, Ellison DH, Delpire E, Kahle KT. WNK kinase signaling in ion homeostasis and human disease. Cell Metab. 2017;25(2):285\u201399.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"255_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3837","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113837","volume":"21","author":"T Rosenbaum","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rosenbaum T, Ben\u00edtez-Angeles M, S\u00e1nchez-Hern\u00e1ndez R, Morales-L\u00e1zaro SL, Hiriart M, Morales-Buenrostro LE, et al. TRPV4: a physio and pathophysiologically significant ion channel. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(11):3837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21113837.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"255_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1239","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00161.2020","volume":"318","author":"WM Kuebler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuebler WM, Jordt SE, Liedtke WB. Urgent reconsideration of lung edema as a preventable outcome in COVID-19: inhibition of TRPV4 represents a promising and feasible approach. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2020;318(6):L1239\u201343.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"255_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.3.9912052","volume":"163","author":"K Soejima","year":"2001","unstructured":"Soejima K, Traber LD, Schmalstieg FC, Hawkins H, Jodoin JM, Szabo C, et al. Role of nitric oxide in vascular permeability after combined burns and smoke inhalation injury [published correction appears in Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001 Sep;164(5):909. Varig L [corrected to Virag L]]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(3 Pt 1):745\u201352.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"key":"255_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00058","volume":"8","author":"DF Cruz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cruz DF, Mitash N, Farinha CM, Swiatecka-Urban A. TGF-\u03b21 augments the apical membrane abundance of lemur tyrosine kinase 2 to inhibit CFTR-mediated chloride transport in human bronchial epithelia. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:58.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"255_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201704-0732OC","volume":"197","author":"F Lutful Kabir","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lutful Kabir F, Ambalavanan N, Liu G, Li P, Solomon GM, Lal CV, et al. MicroRNA-145 antagonism reverses TGF-\u03b2 inhibition of F508del CFTR correction in airway epithelia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;197(5):632\u201343.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"255_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20110672","volume":"438","author":"AE Gillen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gillen AE, Gosalia N, Leir SH, Harris A. MicroRNA regulation of expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. Biochem J. 2011;438(1):25\u201332.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"1","key":"255_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23010071","volume":"23","author":"E Fabbri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fabbri E, Tamanini A, Jakova T, Gasparello J, Manicardi A, Corradini R, et al. A peptide nucleic acid against MicroRNA miR-145-5p enhances the expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in Calu-3 cells. Molecules. 2017;23(1):71.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"11","key":"255_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3848","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113848","volume":"21","author":"N Mitash","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mitash N, Donovan JE, Swiatecka-Urban A. The role of microRNA in the airway surface liquid homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(11):3848.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"255_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-219493","volume":"27","author":"S Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang S, Cui H, Xie N, et al. miR-145 regulates myofibroblast differentiation and lung fibrosis. FASEB J. 2013;27(6):2382\u201391.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"9","key":"255_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1873-x","volume":"10","author":"P Wei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wei P, Xie Y, Abel PW, et al. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b21-induced miR-133a inhibits myofibroblast differentiation and pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Death Dis. 2019;10(9):670.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"255_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14872","volume":"18","author":"CS Whyte","year":"2020","unstructured":"Whyte CS, Morrow GB, Mitchell JL, Chowdary P, Mutch NJ. Fibrinolytic abnormalities in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and versatility of thrombolytic drugs to treat COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(7):1548\u201355.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"255_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2011.00425","volume":"18","author":"W Ju","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ju W, Zhihong Y, Zhiyou Z, Qin H, Dingding W, Li S, et al. Inhibition of \u03b1-SMA by the ectodomain of FGFR2c attenuates lung fibrosis. Mol Med. 2012;18(1):992\u20131002.","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"255_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2015.00254","volume":"6","author":"S Rajasekaran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rajasekaran S, Rajaguru P, Sudhakar Gandhi PS. MicroRNAs as potential targets for progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Front Pharmacol. 2015;6:254.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"issue":"32","key":"255_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28097","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.236950","volume":"286","author":"BN Davis-Dusenbery","year":"2011","unstructured":"Davis-Dusenbery BN, Chan MC, Reno KE, Weisman AS, Layne MD, Lagna G, et al. downregulation of Kruppel-like factor-4 (KLF4) by microRNA-143\/145 is critical for modulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype by transforming growth factor-beta and bone morphogenetic protein 4. J Biol Chem. 2011;286(32):28097\u2013110.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"255_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.03.003","volume":"204","author":"YT Yeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yeh YT, Wei J, Thorossian S, Nguyen K, Hoffman C, Del \u00c1lamo JC, et al. MiR-145 mediates cell morphology-regulated mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to smooth muscle cells. Biomaterials. 2019;204:59\u201369.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"5","key":"255_CR81","first-page":"1337","volume":"33","author":"T Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu T, Wu YX, Sun JX, Wang FC, Cui ZQ, Xu XH. The role of miR-145 in promoting the fibrosis of pulmonary fibroblasts. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2019;33(5):1337\u201345.","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"issue":"6","key":"255_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2013.03.007","volume":"12","author":"F Megiorni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Megiorni F, Cialfi S, Cimino G, et al. Elevated levels of miR-145 correlate with SMAD3 downregulation in cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros. 2013;12(6):797\u2013802.","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"10","key":"255_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.622217","volume":"43","author":"A Tj\u00e4rnlund-Wolf","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tj\u00e4rnlund-Wolf A, Brogren H, Lo EH, Wang X. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and thrombotic cerebrovascular diseases. Stroke. 2012;43(10):2833\u20139.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"7","key":"255_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1160\/TH16-11-0891","volume":"117","author":"S Peng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peng S, Xue G, Gong L, Fang C, Chen J, Yuan C, et al. A long-acting PAI-1 inhibitor reduces thrombus formation. Thromb Haemost. 2017;117(7):1338\u201347.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"255_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24448","volume":"38","author":"MAT Freeberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Freeberg MAT, Easa A, Lillis JA, Benoit DSW, van Wijnen AJ, Awad HA. Transcriptomic analysis of cellular pathways in healing flexor tendons of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1\/Serpine1) null mice. J Orthop Res. 2020;38(1):43\u201358.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"255_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14821","volume":"18","author":"J Thachil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thachil J. The versatile heparin in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(5):1020\u20132.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"255_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001634","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01634-2020","volume":"56","author":"A Huertas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huertas A, Montani D, Savale L, Pichon J, Tu L, Parent F, et al. Endothelial cell dysfunction: a major player in SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)? Eur Respir J. 2020;56(1):2001634.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"issue":"8","key":"255_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e575","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(20)30216-7","volume":"7","author":"G Goshua","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goshua G, Pine AB, Meizlish ML, et al. Endotheliopathy in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: evidence from a single-centre, cross-sectional study. Lancet Haematol. 2020;7(8):e575\u201382.","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"9","key":"255_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05275-1","volume":"39","author":"S Ahmed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmed S, Zimba O, Gasparyan AY. Thrombosis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through the prism of Virchow\u2019s triad. Clin Rheumatol. 2020;39(9):2529\u201343.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"15","key":"255_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8774","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.151236098","volume":"98","author":"T Shuto","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shuto T, Xu H, Wang B, Han J, Kai H, Gu XX, et al. Activation of NF-kappa B by nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae is mediated by toll-like receptor 2-TAK1-dependent NIK-IKK alpha \/beta-I kappa B alpha and MKK3\/6-p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways in epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98(15):8774\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"255_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17023","DOI":"10.1038\/sigtrans.2017.23","volume":"2","author":"T Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu T, Zhang L, Joo D, Sun SC. NF-\u03baB signaling in inflammation. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2017;2:17023.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther."},{"issue":"6","key":"255_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30226-5","volume":"8","author":"NE Ingraham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ingraham NE, Lotfi-Emran S, Thielen BK, Techar K, Morris RS, Holtan SG, et al. Immunomodulation in COVID-19. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(6):544\u20136.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"255_CR93","volume-title":"TNF receptor associated factors (TRAFs)","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wu H, editor. TNF receptor associated factors (TRAFs). NewYork: Springer Science & Business Media; 2007."},{"issue":"6","key":"255_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2008.09.002","volume":"31","author":"M Yamashita","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yamashita M, Fatyol K, Jin C, Wang X, Liu Z, Zhang YE. TRAF6 mediates Smad-independent activation of JNK and p38 by TGF-beta. Mol Cell. 2008;31(6):918\u201324.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"255_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2008.328","volume":"19","author":"YE Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang YE. Non-Smad pathways in TGF-beta signaling. Cell Res. 2009;19(1):128\u201339.","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"255_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80244-0","volume":"5","author":"G Takaesu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Takaesu G, Kishida S, Hiyama A, Yamaguchi K, Shibuya H, Irie K, et al. TAB2, a novel adaptor protein, mediates activation of TAK1 MAPKKK by linking TAK1 to TRAF6 in the IL-1 signal transduction pathway. Mol Cell. 2000;5(4):649\u201358.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"255_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01849","volume":"9","author":"JH Shi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shi JH, Sun SC. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor regulation of nuclear factor \u03baB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1849.","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"issue":"6724","key":"255_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/18465","volume":"398","author":"J Ninomiya-Tsuji","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ninomiya-Tsuji J, Kishimoto K, Hiyama A, Inoue J, Cao Z, Matsumoto K. The kinase TAK1 can activate the NIK-I kappaB as well as the MAP kinase cascade in the IL-1 signalling pathway. Nature. 1999;398(6724):252\u20136.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"255_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a000158","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a000158","volume":"2","author":"A Isra\u00ebl","year":"2010","unstructured":"Isra\u00ebl A. The IKK complex, a central regulator of NF-kappaB activation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010;2(3):a000158.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"255_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2147\/CE.S76549","volume":"11","author":"GA Margaritopoulos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Margaritopoulos GA, Vasarmidi E, Antoniou KM. Pirfenidone in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an evidence-based review of its place in therapy. Core Evid. 2016;11:11\u201322.","journal-title":"Core Evid"},{"issue":"2","key":"255_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0172592","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172592","volume":"12","author":"T Stahnke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stahnke T, Kowtharapu BS, Stachs O, Schmitz KP, Wurm J, Wree A, et al. Suppression of TGF-\u03b2 pathway by pirfenidone decreases extracellular matrix deposition in ocular fibroblasts in vitro. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(2):e0172592.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"255_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092532","volume":"19","author":"Y Isaka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Isaka Y. Targeting TGF-\u03b2 signaling in kidney fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(9):2532.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"255_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7340641","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7340641","volume":"2016","author":"M Janka-Zires","year":"2016","unstructured":"Janka-Zires M, Almeda-Valdes P, Uribe-Wiechers AC, Ju\u00e1rez-Comboni SC, L\u00f3pez-Guti\u00e9rrez J, Escobar-Jim\u00e9nez JJ, et al. Topical administration of pirfenidone increases healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcers: a randomized crossover study. J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016:7340641.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"255_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.01.012","volume":"354","author":"I Burghardt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Burghardt I, Tritschler F, Opitz CA, Frank B, Weller M, Wick W. Pirfenidone inhibits TGF-beta expression in malignant glioma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007;354(2):542\u20137.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"255_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0b013e3282f0ad0e","volume":"19","author":"M Pennison","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pennison M, Pasche B. Targeting transforming growth factor-beta signaling. Curr Opin Oncol. 2007;19(6):579\u201385.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"255_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1139\/Y08-063","volume":"86","author":"J Basque","year":"2008","unstructured":"Basque J, Martel M, Leduc R, Cantin AM. Lysosomotropic drugs inhibit maturation of transforming growth factor-beta. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008;86(9):606\u201312.","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"255_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d793","DOI":"10.2741\/gressner","volume":"7","author":"AM Gressner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gressner AM, Weiskirchen R, Breitkopf K, Dooley S. Roles of TGF-beta in hepatic fibrosis. Front Biosci. 2002;7:d793\u2013807.","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"255_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3529","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0904121","volume":"185","author":"T Oida","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oida T, Weiner HL. Overexpression of TGF-\u00df 1 gene induces cell surface localized glucose-regulated protein 78-associated latency-associated peptide\/TGF-\u00df. J Immunol. 2010;185(6):3529\u201335.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"255_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597927","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/597927","volume":"2013","author":"JF Santibanez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Santibanez JF. Transforming growth factor-Beta and urokinase-type plasminogen activator: dangerous partners in tumorigenesis-implications in skin cancer. ISRN Dermatol. 2013;2013:597927.","journal-title":"ISRN Dermatol."},{"key":"255_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101306","DOI":"10.11131\/2018\/101306","volume":"5","author":"A Banno","year":"2018","unstructured":"Banno A, Reddy AT, Lakshmi SP, Reddy RC. PPARs: key regulators of airway inflammation and potential therapeutic targets in asthma. Nucl Receptor Res. 2018;5:101306.","journal-title":"Nucl Receptor Res"},{"key":"255_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-020-07014-9","author":"J Guti\u00e9rrez-Cuevas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Cuevas J, Sandoval-Rodr\u00edguez A, Monroy-Ram\u00edrez HC, Vazquez-Del Mercado M, Santos-Garc\u00eda A, Armend\u00e1riz-Borunda J. Prolonged-release pirfenidone prevents obesity-induced cardiac steatosis and fibrosis in a mouse NASH model. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10557-020-07014-9.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther."},{"issue":"9","key":"255_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25092076","volume":"25","author":"C Ciavarella","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ciavarella C, Motta I, Valente S, Pasquinelli G. Pharmacological (or synthetic) and nutritional agonists of PPAR-\u03b3 as candidates for cytokine storm modulation in COVID-19 disease. Molecules. 2020;25(9):2076.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"255_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109776","volume":"140","author":"E Carboni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carboni E, Carta AR, Carboni E. Can pioglitazone be potentially useful therapeutically in treating patients with COVID-19? Med Hypotheses. 2020;140:109776.","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"6","key":"255_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.142638","volume":"27","author":"G Kr\u00f6nke","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kr\u00f6nke G, Kadl A, Ikonomu E, Bl\u00fcml S, F\u00fcrnkranz A, Sarembock IJ, et al. Expression of heme oxygenase-1 in human vascular cells is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27(6):1276\u201382.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"255_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.12.024","volume":"148","author":"RL Cho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cho RL, Lin WN, Wang CY, Yang CC, Hsiao LD, Lin CC, et al. Heme oxygenase-1 induction by rosiglitazone via PKC\u03b1\/AMPK\u03b1\/p38 MAPK\u03b1\/SIRT1\/PPAR\u03b3 pathway suppresses lipopolysaccharide-mediated pulmonary inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol. 2018;148:222\u201337.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"255_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2012.00119","volume":"3","author":"JA Araujo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Araujo JA, Zhang M, Yin F. Heme oxygenase-1, oxidation, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol. 2012;3:119.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"255_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9060540","volume":"9","author":"FADTG Wagener","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wagener FADTG, Pickkers P, Peterson SJ, Immenschuh S, Abraham NG. Targeting the heme-heme oxygenase system to prevent severe complications following COVID-19 infections. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020;9(6):540.","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)."},{"issue":"5","key":"255_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-020-01126-9","volume":"25","author":"PL Hooper","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hooper PL. COVID-19 and heme oxygenase: novel insight into the disease and potential therapies [published correction appears in Cell Stress Chaperones. 2020 Jun 29]. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2020;25(5):707\u201310.","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones."},{"issue":"18","key":"255_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867325666181113122340","volume":"27","author":"K Taguchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taguchi K, Maruyama T, Otagiri M. Use of hemoglobin for delivering exogenous carbon monoxide in medicinal applications. Curr Med Chem. 2020;27(18):2949\u201363.","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"255_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2006.03.002","volume":"6","author":"SW Ryter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ryter SW, Choi AM. Therapeutic applications of carbon monoxide in lung disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2006;6(3):257\u201362.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"255_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C211","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00022.2017","volume":"314","author":"SW Ryter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ryter SW, Ma KC, Choi AMK. Carbon monoxide in lung cell physiology and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2018;314(2):C211\u201327.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"255_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-016-0973-7","volume":"65","author":"L Jiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jiang L, Fei D, Gong R, Yang W, Yu W, Pan S, et al. CORM-2 inhibits TXNIP\/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in LPS-induced acute lung injury. Inflamm Res. 2016;65(11):905\u201315.","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"255_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.03.001","volume":"12","author":"H Lv","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lv H, Liu Q, Wen Z, Feng H, Deng X, Ci X. Xanthohumol ameliorates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury via induction of AMPK\/GSK3\u03b2-Nrf2 signal axis. Redox Biol. 2017;12:311\u201324.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"255_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-2085-6","volume":"21","author":"Z Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen Z, Zhong H, Wei J, Lin S, Zong Z, Gong F, et al. Inhibition of Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling leads to increased activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019;21(1):300.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"255_CR125","first-page":"1","volume":"34","author":"P Conti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Conti P, Ronconi G, Caraffa AL, Gallenga CE, Ross R, Frydas I, Kritas SK. Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by Coronavirus-19 (COVI-19 or SARS-CoV-2): anti-inflammatory strategies. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2020;34(2):1.","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"issue":"3","key":"255_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1474","volume":"4","author":"A Sandoval-Rodriguez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sandoval-Rodriguez A, Monroy-Ramirez HC, Meza-Rios A, Garcia-Ba\u00f1uelos J, Vera-Cruz J, Guti\u00e9rrez-Cuevas J, et al. Pirfenidone is an agonistic ligand for PPAR\u03b1 and improves NASH by activation of SIRT1\/LKB1\/pAMPK. Hepatol Commun. 2020;4(3):434\u201349.","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"255_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2006.8.76","volume":"8","author":"HY Cho","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cho HY, Reddy SP, Kleeberger SR. Nrf2 defends the lung from oxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2006;8(1\u20132):76\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ars.2006.8.76.","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"255_CR128","volume-title":"Nrf2 and its modulation in inflammation","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deng H, editor. Nrf2 and its modulation in inflammation. Cham: Springer Nature; 2020."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"255_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i19","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gft224","volume":"29","author":"C Zoja","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zoja C, Benigni A, Remuzzi G. The Nrf2 pathway in the progression of renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014;29(Suppl 1):i19\u201324.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"255_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-017-0405-7","volume":"17","author":"Y Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu Y, Lu F, Kang L, Wang Z, Wang Y. Pirfenidone attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by regulating Nrf2\/Bach1 equilibrium. BMC Pulm Med. 2017;17(1):63.","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"255_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109862","volume":"143","author":"FL Poe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Poe FL, Corn J. N-acetylcysteine: a potential therapeutic agent for SARS-CoV-2. Med Hypotheses. 2020;143:109862.","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"1","key":"255_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-020-1121-2","volume":"20","author":"H Shi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi H, Yin D, Bonella F, et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of combined pirfenidone and N-acetylcysteine therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med. 2020;20(1):128.","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"255_CR133","volume-title":"Pulmonary fibrosis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tzouvelekis A, Eickelberg O, Kaminski N, Bouros D, Aidinis V, editors. Pulmonary fibrosis. Lausanne: Frontiers Media SA; 2019."},{"issue":"146","key":"255_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170057","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0057-2017","volume":"26","author":"LH Lancaster","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lancaster LH, de Andrade JA, Zibrak JD, Padilla ML, Albera C, Nathan SD, et al. Pirfenidone safety and adverse event management in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev. 2017;26(146):170057.","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"255_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01328-8","volume":"37","author":"MP Chung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chung MP, Park MS, Oh IJ, Lee HB, Kim YW, Park JS, et al. Safety and efficacy of pirfenidone in advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a nationwide post-marketing surveillance study in Korean patients. Adv Ther. 2020;37(5):2303\u201316.","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"255_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xaubet A, Molina-Molina M, Acosta O, Bollo E, Castillo D, Fern\u00e1ndez-Fabrellas E, et al. Guidelines for the medical treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [published correction appears in Arch Bronconeumol. 2017 Nov;53(11):657\u2013658]. Normativa sobre el tratamiento farmacol\u00f3gico de la fibrosis pulmonar idiop\u00e1tica [published correction appears in Arch Bronconeumol. 2017 Nov;53(11):657\u2013658]. Arch Bronconeumol. 2017;53(5):263\u2013269.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbr.2017.06.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"255_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.11.005","volume":"108","author":"N Chaudhuri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chaudhuri N, Duck A, Frank R, Holme J, Leonard C. Real world experiences: pirfenidone is well tolerated in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Med. 2014;108(1):224\u20136.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"255_CR138","first-page":"6175964","volume":"2020","author":"AS Ojo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ojo AS, Balogun SA, Williams OT, Ojo OS. Pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 survivors: predictive factors and risk reduction strategies. Pulm Med. 2020;2020:6175964.","journal-title":"Pulm Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"255_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L257","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00238.2020","volume":"320","author":"LT McDonald","year":"2021","unstructured":"McDonald LT. Healing after COVID-19: are survivors at risk for pulmonary fibrosis? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2021;320(2):L257\u201365.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43440-021-00255-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43440-021-00255-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43440-021-00255-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T12:11:51Z","timestamp":1645099911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43440-021-00255-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43440-021-00255-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1734-1140","2299-5684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1734-1140","type":"print"},{"value":"2299-5684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and\/or publication of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}