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The GABA and glutamate concentration was determined in three rat brain regions (cerebellum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex). Serum oxidative stress parameters and selected essential elements concentration (Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Mg) in the rat brain were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Levetiracetam administered with ethanol improved spatial memory, but did not affect abstinence-induced impairment. The drug also decreased ethanol-induced long-term recognition memory impairment. No alterations in glutamate levels were observed. GABA levels were elevated by levetiracetam in the cerebral cortex and by ethanol in the cerebellum. Ethanol increased catalase activity (CAT) and decreased superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in the serum. Levetiracetam significantly increased the activity of SOD. Alcohol disrupted the levels of trace elements (Mn, Zn, Mg) in the rat brain. Additionally, levetiracetam alone increased Mg, Fe, and Cu concentrations while all animals receiving the drug also had significantly lower concentrations of Zn.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Levetiracetam had differential effects against ethanol-induced impairments. These findings could have important implications for future levetiracetam treatment in patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-024-00659-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T05:25:13Z","timestamp":1727760313000},"page":"1363-1376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of levetiracetam and ethanol on memory, selected neurotransmitter levels, oxidative stress parameters, and essential elements in rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8713-2580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Zwierzy\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4779-9019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Klimczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3079-2825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marzenna","family":"Nasiadek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9196-0669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Stragierowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8572-3926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogus\u0142awa","family":"Pietrzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"659_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990802082180","volume":"34","author":"O Sarid-Segal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sarid-Segal O, Piechniczek-Buczek J, Knapp C, Afshar M, Devine E, Sickles L, et al. 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