{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:36:45Z","timestamp":1772120205959,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA058800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA058800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacol. Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-025-00761-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T12:05:31Z","timestamp":1753963531000},"page":"1323-1332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antinociceptive effects of intrathecal neuropeptide B\/W receptor 1 agonists in mouse acute nociception, peripheral neuropathy, and inflammatory pain models"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Yuma T.","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thuy","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny L.","family":"Wilkerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"761_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.204","volume":"43","author":"G Donvito","year":"2018","unstructured":"Donvito G, Nass SR, Wilkerson JL, Curry ZA, Schurman LD, Kinsey SG, et al. The endogenous cannabinoid system: A budding source of targets for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018;43:52\u201379.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"761_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.9621.1","volume":"5","author":"H Machelska","year":"2016","unstructured":"Machelska H, Celik MO. Recent advances in Understanding neuropathic pain: glia, sex differences, and epigenetics. F1000Res. 2016;5:2743.","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"761_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jain A, Hakim S, Woolf CJ. Immune drivers of physiological and pathological pain. J Exp Med. 2024;221.","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20221687"},{"key":"761_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00035","volume":"12","author":"OC Eller-Smith","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eller-Smith OC, Nicol AL, Christianson JA. Potential mechanisms underlying centralized pain and emerging therapeutic interventions. Front Cell Neurosci. 2018;12:35.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"761_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593894","DOI":"10.5402\/2011\/593894","volume":"2011","author":"JL Wilkerson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wilkerson JL, Milligan ED. The central role of glia in pathological pain and the potential of targeting the cannabinoid 2 receptor for pain relief. ISRN Anesthesiol. 2011;2011:593894.","journal-title":"ISRN Anesthesiol"},{"key":"761_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463718799784","volume":"13","author":"P Hill","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hill P. Chronic pain: a consequence of dysregulated protective action. Br J Pain. 2019;13:13\u201321.","journal-title":"Br J Pain"},{"key":"761_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang S, Chang MC. Chronic pain: structural and functional changes in brain structures and associated negative affective States. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133130"},{"key":"761_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00393-7","volume":"397","author":"SP Cohen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cohen SP, Vase L, Hooten WM. Chronic pain: an update on burden, best practices, and new advances. Lancet. 2021;397:2082\u201397.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"761_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173192","volume":"206","author":"JL Wilkerson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wilkerson JL, Bilbrey JA, Felix JS, Makriyannis A, McMahon LR. Untapped endocannabinoid Pharmacological targets: pipe dream or pipeline? Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2021;206:173192.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"761_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881810","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.881810","volume":"13","author":"YT Ortiz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ortiz YT, McMahon LR, Wilkerson JL. Medicinal cannabis and central nervous system disorders. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:881810.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"761_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Kaye AM, Knezevic NN, Giordano J, Applewhite MK, Bautista A et al. Comprehensive, evidence-based, consensus guidelines for prescription of opioids for chronic non-cancer pain from the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP). Pain Physician. 2023;26(7S)\\:S7\u2013S126. PMID: 38117465.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2023.26.S7"},{"issue":"22","key":"761_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2211040","volume":"387","author":"D Dowell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dowell D, Ragan KR, Jones CM, Baldwin GT, Chou R. Prescribing opioids for pain - the new CDC clinical practice guideline. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(22):2011\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMp2211040. PMID: 36326116; PMCID: PMC10977898.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"761_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M206396200","volume":"278","author":"S Brezillon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brezillon S, Lannoy V, Franssen JD, Le Poul E, Dupriez V, Lucchetti J, et al. Identification of natural ligands for the orphan G protein-coupled receptors GPR7 and GPR8. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:776\u201383.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"761_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/400_2007_056","volume":"46","author":"M Hondo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hondo M, Ishii M, Sakurai T. The NPB\/NPW neuropeptide system and its role in regulating energy homeostasis, pain, and emotion. Results Probl Cell Differ. 2008;46:239\u201356.","journal-title":"Results Probl Cell Differ"},{"key":"761_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.09.028","volume":"212","author":"F Nourbakhsh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nourbakhsh F, Atabaki R, Roohbakhsh A. The role of orphan G protein-coupled receptors in the modulation of pain: A review. Life Sci. 2018;212:59\u201369.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"761_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(99)00171-0","volume":"71","author":"DK Lee","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lee DK, Nguyen T, Porter CA, Cheng R, George SR, O\u2019Dowd BF. Two related G protein-coupled receptors: the distribution of GPR7 in rat brain and the absence of GPR8 in rodents. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1999;71:96\u2013103.","journal-title":"Brain Res Mol Brain Res"},{"key":"761_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1995.1109","volume":"28","author":"BF O\u2019Dowd","year":"1995","unstructured":"O\u2019Dowd BF, Scheideler MA, Nguyen T, Cheng R, Rasmussen JS, Marchese A, et al. The cloning and chromosomal mapping of two novel human opioid-somatostatin-like receptor genes, GPR7 and GPR8, expressed in discrete areas of the brain. Genomics. 1995;28:84\u201391.","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"761_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.03.079","volume":"1017","author":"G Singh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Singh G, Maguire JJ, Kuc RE, Fidock M, Davenport AP. Identification and cellular localisation of NPW1 (GPR7) receptors for the novel neuropeptide W-23 by \\[125I]-NPW radioligand binding and immunocytochemistry. Brain Res. 2004;1017:222\u20136.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"761_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2004.08.010","volume":"28","author":"PF Zaratin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zaratin PF, Quattrini A, Previtali SC, Comi G, Hervieu G, Scheideler MA. Schwann cell overexpression of the GPR7 receptor in inflammatory and painful neuropathies. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2005;28:55\u201363.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"761_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173979","volume":"898","author":"Y Xing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xing Y, Liu Y, Deng M, Wang HP, Abdul M, Zhang FF, et al. The synergistic effects of opioid and neuropeptide B\/W in rat acute inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Eur J Pharmacol. 2021;898:173979.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"761_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9942","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503795102","volume":"102","author":"MA Kelly","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kelly MA, Beuckmann CT, Williams SC, Sinton CM, Motoike T, Richardson JA, et al. Neuropeptide B-deficient mice demonstrate hyperalgesia in response to inflammatory pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:9942\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"761_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6251","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0837789100","volume":"100","author":"H Tanaka","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tanaka H, Yoshida T, Miyamoto N, Motoike T, Kurosu H, Shibata K, et al. Characterization of a family of endogenous neuropeptide ligands for the G protein-coupled receptors GPR7 and GPR8. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:6251\u20136.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"761_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.08.066","volume":"137","author":"T Yamamoto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yamamoto T, Saito O, Shono K, Tanabe S. Effects of intrathecal and i.c.v. Administration of neuropeptide W-23 and neuropeptide B on the mechanical allodynia induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation in rats. Neuroscience. 2006;137:265\u201373.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"761_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.03.027","volume":"1045","author":"T Yamamoto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yamamoto T, Saito O, Shono K, Tanabe S. Anti-hyperalgesic effects of intrathecally administered neuropeptide W-23 and neuropeptide B in tests of inflammatory pain in rats. Brain Res. 2005;1045:97\u2013106.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"761_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174480692199218","DOI":"10.1177\/1744806921992187","volume":"17","author":"S Nakamura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nakamura S, Nonaka T, Yoshida K, Yamada T, Yamamoto T, Neuropeptide W. An endogenous NPBW1 and NPBW2 ligand, produced an analgesic effect via activation of the descending pain modulatory system during a rat formalin test. Mol Pain. 2021;17:1744806921992187.","journal-title":"Mol Pain"},{"key":"761_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34010","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M205883200","volume":"277","author":"R Fujii","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fujii R, Yoshida H, Fukusumi S, Habata Y, Hosoya M, Kawamata Y, et al. Identification of a neuropeptide modified with bromine as an endogenous ligand for GPR7. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:34010\u20136.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"761_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.855","volume":"13","author":"M Kanesaka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kanesaka M, Matsuda M, Hirano A, Tanaka K, Kanatani A, Tokita S. Development of a potent and selective GPR7 (NPBW1) agonist: a systematic structure\u2013activity study of neuropeptide B. J Pept Sci. 2007;13:379\u201385.","journal-title":"J Pept Sci"},{"key":"761_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35826","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M205337200","volume":"277","author":"Y Shimomura","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shimomura Y, Harada M, Goto M, Sugo T, Matsumoto Y, Abe M, et al. Identification of neuropeptide W as the endogenous ligand for orphan G-protein-coupled receptors GPR7 and GPR8. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:35826\u201332.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"761_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114149","volume":"231","author":"T Nguyen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nguyen T, Decker AM, Snyder RW, Tonetti EC, Gamage TF, Zhang Y. Neuropeptide B\/W receptor 1 peptidomimetic agonists: Structure-activity relationships and plasma stability. Eur J Med Chem. 2022;231:114149.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"761_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12809","volume":"172","author":"AR Wilson-Poe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wilson-Poe AR, Lau BK, Vaughan CW. Repeated morphine treatment alters cannabinoid modulation of GABAergic synaptic transmission within the rat periaqueductal grey. Br J Pharmacol. 2015;172:681\u201390.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"761_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-023-00498-w","volume":"75","author":"YT Ortiz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ortiz YT, Bilbrey JA, Felix JS, Kienegger EA, Mottinelli M, Mukhopadhyay S, et al. Cannabidiol and Mitragynine exhibit differential interactive effects in the Attenuation of paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia, acute antinociception, and schedule-controlled responding in mice. Pharmacol Rep. 2023;75:937\u201350.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"761_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.122.001192","volume":"383","author":"S Obeng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Obeng S, Leon F, Patel A, Zuarth Gonzalez JD, Chaves Da Silva L, Restrepo LF, et al. Interactive effects of micro-opioid and adrenergic-alpha(2) receptor agonists in rats: Pharmacological investigation of the primary Kratom alkaloid Mitragynine and its metabolite 7-hydroxymitragynine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2022;383:182\u201398.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"761_CR33","first-page":"115","volume":"225","author":"CJ Morris","year":"2003","unstructured":"Morris CJ. Carrageenan-induced paw edema in the rat and mouse. Methods Mol Biol. 2003;225:115\u201321.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"761_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000412","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000412","volume":"8","author":"C Kilkenny","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kilkenny C, Browne WJ, Cuthill IC, Emerson M, Altman DG. Improving bioscience research reporting: the ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biol. 2010;8:e1000412.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"761_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3000411","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000411","volume":"18","author":"N Percie du Sert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Percie du Sert N, Ahluwalia A, Alam S, Avey MT, Baker M, Browne WJ, et al. Reporting animal research: explanation and elaboration for the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0. PLoS Biol. 2020;18(7):e3000411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000411. PMID: 32663221; PMCID: PMC7360025.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"761_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.02.020","volume":"117","author":"W Toma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Toma W, Kyte SL, Bagdas D, Alkhlaif Y, Alsharari SD, Lichtman AH, et al. Effects of Paclitaxel on the development of neuropathy and affective behaviors in the mouse. Neuropharmacology. 2017;117:305\u201315.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"761_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.11.015","volume":"114","author":"JL Wilkerson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wilkerson JL, Ghosh S, Mustafa M, Abdullah RA, Niphakis MJ, Cabrera R, et al. The endocannabinoid hydrolysis inhibitor SA-57: intrinsic antinociceptive effects, augmented morphine-induced antinociception, and attenuated heroin seeking behavior in mice. Neuropharmacology. 2017;114:156\u201367.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"761_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13469","volume":"173","author":"JL Wilkerson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wilkerson JL, Ghosh S, Bagdas D, Mason BL, Crowe MS, Hsu KL, et al. Diacylglycerol lipase beta Inhibition reverses nociceptive behaviour in mouse models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Br J Pharmacol. 2016;173:1678\u201392.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"761_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01850","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1850","volume":"10","author":"Wilkerson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilkerson JL, Alberti LB, Kerwin AA, Ledent CA, Thakur GA, Makriyannis A, et al. Peripheral versus central mechanisms of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist AM1710 in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Brain Behav. 2020;10:e01850.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"761_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2021.147721","volume":"1774","author":"JL Wilkerson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wilkerson JL, Alberti LB, Thakur GA, Makriyannis A, Milligan ED. Peripherally administered cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) agonists lose anti-allodynic effects in TRPV1 knockout mice, while intrathecal administration leads to anti-allodynia and reduced GFAP, CCL2 and TRPV1 expression in the dorsal spinal cord and DRG. Brain Res. 2022;1774:147721.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"761_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.114.222315","volume":"353","author":"B Ignatowska-Jankowska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ignatowska-Jankowska B, Wilkerson JL, Mustafa M, Abdullah R, Niphakis M, Wiley JL, et al. Selective monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors: antinociceptive versus cannabimimetic effects in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2015;353:424\u201332.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"761_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(94)90144-9","volume":"53","author":"SR Chaplan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chaplan SR, Bach FW, Pogrel JW, Chung JM, Yaksh TL. Quantitative assessment of tactile allodynia in the rat paw. J Neurosci Methods. 1994;53:55\u201363.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"761_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2007.06.003","volume":"54","author":"LE Wise","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wise LE, Cannavacciulo R, Cravatt BF, Martin BF, Lichtman AH. Evaluation of fatty acid amides in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Neuropharmacology. 2008;54(1):181\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2007.06.003. PMID: 17675189; PMCID: PMC2200792.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"761_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420036107","author":"RJ Tallarida","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tallarida RJ. Drug synergism and dose-effect data analysis. Chapman and Hall\/CRC; 2000. [https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781420036107]https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781420036107)."},{"key":"761_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)05180-8","volume":"107","author":"NB Eddy","year":"1953","unstructured":"Eddy NB, Leimbach D. Synthetic analgesics. II. Dithienylbutenyl- and dithienylbutylamines. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1953;107:385\u201393.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"761_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001485","volume":"160","author":"MR Sapio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sapio MR, Iadarola MJ, LaPaglia DM, Lehky T, Thurm AE, Danley KM, et al. Haploinsufficiency of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene is associated with reduced pain sensitivity. Pain. 2019;160:1070\u201381.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"761_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24951","volume":"81","author":"NP Staff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Staff NP, Grisold A, Grisold W, Windebank AJ. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a current review. Ann Neurol. 2017;81:772\u201381.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"761_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2533","volume":"10","author":"ED Milligan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Milligan ED, Watkins LR. Pathological and protective roles of glia in chronic pain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009;10:23\u201336.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"761_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00273-7","volume":"114","author":"WP Wu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wu WP, Hao JX, Halldner-Henriksson L, Xu XJ, Jacobson MA, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z, et al. Decreased inflammatory pain due to reduced carrageenan-induced inflammation in mice lacking adenosine A3 receptors. Neuroscience. 2002;114:523\u20137.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"761_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aldrete JA, Couto da Silva JM. Leg edema from intrathecal opiate infusions. Eur J Pain. 2000;4(4):361\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/eujp.2000.0199. PMID: 11124008.","DOI":"10.1053\/eujp.2000.0199"},{"key":"761_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Veizi E, Tornero-Bold M, Hayek SM. Resolution of intrathecal hydromorphone or morphine-induced peripheral edema by opioid rotation to fentanyl: a case series. Pain Pract. 2016;16(6)\\:E94\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.12443. PMID: 26990069.","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12443"},{"key":"761_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ruan X, Liu H, Couch JP, Wang F, Chiravuri S. Recurrent cellulitis associated with long-term intrathecal opioid infusion therapy: a case report and review of the literature. Pain Med. 2010;11(6):972\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00854.x. PMID: 20456078.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00854.x"},{"key":"761_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Birklein F, Schmelz M, Schifter S, Weber M. The important role of neuropeptides in complex regional pain syndrome. Neurology. 2001;57(12):2179\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.57.12.2179. PMID: 11756594.","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.57.12.2179"},{"key":"761_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nimmo AJ, Cernak I, Heath DL, Hu X, Bennett CJ, Vink R. Neurogenic inflammation is associated with development of edema and functional deficits following traumatic brain injury in rats. Neuropeptides. 2004;38(1):40\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.npep.2003.12.003. PMID: 15003715.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2003.12.003"},{"issue":"4","key":"761_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00034.2013","volume":"94","author":"FA Russell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Russell FA, King R, Smillie SJ, Kodji X, Brain SD. Calcitonin gene-related peptide: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev. 2014;94(4):1099\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00034.2013. PMID: 25287861; PMCID: PMC4187032.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"761_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Navratilova E, Porreca F. Substance P and inflammatory pain: getting it wrong and right simultaneously. Neuron. 2019;101(3):353\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.01.034. PMID: 30731054.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.01.034"}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43440-025-00761-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43440-025-00761-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43440-025-00761-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T04:17:46Z","timestamp":1758082666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43440-025-00761-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43440-025-00761-2","relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1201\/9781420036107","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6559172\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1734-1140","2299-5684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1734-1140","type":"print"},{"value":"2299-5684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 July 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}