{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:57:21Z","timestamp":1793314641742,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIP-2017-05-5160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIP-2017-05-5160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IP-2013-5660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2013-5660"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KK.01.1.1.02.0021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK.01.1.1.02.0021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacol. Rep"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-026-00849-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:43:19Z","timestamp":1773758599000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hybrids of harmine and quinoline-based antimalarials show a strong antiproliferative effect on glioblastoma cells and reverse ATP-binding cassette transporter-mediated drug resistance"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5290-6945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija","family":"Mio\u010d","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8523-6340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Pavi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6282-1148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goran","family":"Poje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1223-1116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zrinka","family":"Raji\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7165-2722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marijeta","family":"Kralj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"849_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8596","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.JMEDCHEM.1C01946","volume":"65","author":"A Thakur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thakur A, Faujdar C, Sharma R, Sharma S, Malik B, Nepali K, et al. Glioblastoma: Current Status, Emerging Targets, and Recent Advances. J Med Chem. 2022;65:8596\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACS.JMEDCHEM.1C01946.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"849_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gooijer de MC, Vries de NA, Buckle T, Buil LCM, Beijnen JH, Boogerd W, et al. Improved brain penetration and antitumor efficacy of temozolomide by inhibition of ABCB1 and ABCG2. Neoplasia. 2018;20:710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NEO.2018.05.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEO.2018.05.001"},{"key":"849_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026616666160927155515","volume":"17","author":"E Kucuksayan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kucuksayan E, Ozben T. Hybrid Compounds as Multitarget Directed Anticancer Agents. Curr Top Med Chem. 2017;17:907\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1568026616666160927155515.","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"key":"849_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pavi\u0107 K, Poje G, Pessanha de Carvalho L, Tandari\u0107 T, Marinovi\u0107 M, Fontinha D, et al. Discovery of harmiprims, harmine-primaquine hybrids, as potent and selective anticancer and antimalarial compounds. Bioorg Med Chem. 2024;105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BMC.2024.117734.","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BMC.2024.117734"},{"key":"849_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2014.08.013","volume":"21","author":"BC Doak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Doak BC, Over B, Giordanetto F, Kihlberg J. Oral druggable space beyond the rule of 5: Insights from drugs and clinical candidates. Chem Biol. 2014;21:1115\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chembiol.2014.08.013.","journal-title":"Chem Biol"},{"key":"849_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roskoski R. Rule of five violations among the FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors. Pharmacol Res. 2023;191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106774.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106774"},{"key":"849_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.0c00581","volume":"12","author":"G Caron","year":"2021","unstructured":"Caron G, Kihlberg J, Goetz G, Ratkova E, Poongavanam V, Ermondi G. Steering New Drug Discovery Campaigns: Permeability, Solubility, and Physicochemical Properties in the bRo5 Chemical Space. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2021;12:13\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.0c00581.","journal-title":"ACS Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"849_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Szumilak M, Wiktorowska-Owczarek A, Stanczak A. Hybrid drugs\u2014a strategy for overcoming anticancer drug resistance? Mol. 2021;26:2601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MOLECULES26092601.","DOI":"10.3390\/MOLECULES26092601"},{"key":"849_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zorc B, Perkovi\u0107 I, Pavi\u0107 K, Raji\u0107 Z, Beus M. Primaquine derivatives: Modifications of the terminal amino group. Eur J Med Chem. 2019;182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111640.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111640"},{"key":"849_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EJMECH.2017.07.061","volume":"139","author":"YQ Hu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hu YQ, Gao C, Zhang S, Xu L, Xu Z, Feng LS, et al. Quinoline hybrids and their antiplasmodial and antimalarial activities. Eur J Med Chem. 2017;139:22\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EJMECH.2017.07.061.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"849_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1016\/J.DRUDIS.2020.09.010","volume":"25","author":"W Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou W, Wang H, Yang Y, Chen ZS, Zou C, Zhang J. Chloroquine against malaria, cancers and viral diseases. Drug Discov Today. 2020;25:2012\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.DRUDIS.2020.09.010.","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"849_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kucharski DJ, Jaszczak MK, Boraty\u0144ski PJ. A review of modifications of quinoline antimalarials: Mefloquine and (hydroxy)Chloroquine. Molecules. 2022;27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MOLECULES27031003.","DOI":"10.3390\/MOLECULES27031003"},{"key":"849_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S13027-021-00370-7","volume":"16","author":"T Ellis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ellis T, Eze E, Raimi-Abraham BT. Malaria and Cancer: a critical review on the established associations and new perspectives. Infect Agent Cancer. 2021;16:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S13027-021-00370-7.","journal-title":"Infect Agent Cancer"},{"key":"849_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828856","DOI":"10.3389\/FPHAR.2021.828856","volume":"12","author":"Z Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma Z, Woon CYN, Liu CG, Cheng JT, You M, Sethi G, et al. Repurposing Artemisinin and its Derivatives as Anticancer Drugs: A Chance or Challenge? Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:828856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPHAR.2021.828856.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"849_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113688","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EJMECH.2021.113688","volume":"224","author":"B Luo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo B, Song X. A comprehensive overview of \u03b2-carbolines and its derivatives as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem. 2021;224:113688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EJMECH.2021.113688.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"849_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/S12272-020-01283-6","volume":"4312","author":"L Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang L, Li D, Yu S. Pharmacological effects of harmine and its derivatives: a review. Arch Pharmacal Res 2020. 2020;4312:43:1259\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12272-020-01283-6.","journal-title":"Arch Pharmacal Res 2020"},{"key":"849_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4207","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00328-12","volume":"56","author":"D Shahinas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shahinas D, MacMullin G, Benedict C, Crandall I, Pillaid DR. Harmine Is a Potent Antimalarial Targeting Hsp90 and Synergizes with Chloroquine and Artemisinin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56:4207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00328-12.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"849_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1002\/PTR.2860","volume":"24","author":"Y Ma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ma Y, Wink M. The beta-carboline alkaloid harmine inhibits BCRP and can reverse resistance to the anticancer drugs mitoxantrone and camptothecin in breast cancer cells. Phyther Res. 2010;24:146\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/PTR.2860.","journal-title":"Phyther Res"},{"key":"849_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114408","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EJMECH.2022.114408","volume":"238","author":"G Poje","year":"2022","unstructured":"Poje G, Pessanha de Carvalho L, Held J, Moita D, Prud\u00eancio M, Perkovi\u0107 I, et al. Design and synthesis of harmiquins, harmine and chloroquine hybrids as potent antiplasmodial agents. Eur J Med Chem. 2022;238:114408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EJMECH.2022.114408.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"849_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.2478\/ACPH-2023-0035","volume":"73","author":"K Pavi\u0107","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pavi\u0107 K, Poje G, de Carvalho LP, Held J, Raji\u0107 Z. Synthesis, antiproliferative and antiplasmodial evaluation of new chloroquine and mefloquine-based harmiquins. Acta Pharm. 2023;73:537\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/ACPH-2023-0035.","journal-title":"Acta Pharm"},{"key":"849_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0084","volume":"20","author":"F Lin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin F, De Gooijer MC, Roig EM, Buil LCM, Christner SM, Beumer JH, et al. ABCB1, ABCG2, and PTEN determine the response of glioblastoma to temozolomide and ABT-888 therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20:2703\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0084.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"849_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/JCBFM.2012.126","author":"WM Pardridge","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pardridge WM. Drug transport across the blood\u2013brain barrier. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/JCBFM.2012.126. 32:1959.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"849_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-023-00612-3","volume":"23","author":"A Sajid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sajid A, Rahman H, Ambudkar SV. Advances in the structure, mechanism and targeting of chemoresistance-linked ABC transporters. Nat Rev Cancer. 2023;23:762\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41568-023-00612-3.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"849_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-022-02106-z","author":"M Mio\u010d","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mio\u010d M, Telbisz \u00c1, Radman K, Berto\u0161a B, \u0160umanovac T, Sarkadi B, et al. Interaction of crown ethers with the ABCG2 transporter and their implication for multidrug resistance reversal. Histochem Cell Biol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00418-022-02106-z.","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"849_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Begicevic RR, Falasca M. ABC transporters in cancer stem cells: Beyond chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18112362.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112362"},{"key":"849_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106510","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PHRS.2022.106510","volume":"185","author":"L Radtke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Radtke L, Majchrzak-Celi\u0144ska A, Awortwe C, Vater I, Nagel I, Sebens S, et al. CRISPR\/Cas9-induced knockout reveals the role of ABCB1 in the response to temozolomide, carmustine and lomustine in glioblastoma multiforme. Pharmacol Res. 2022;185:106510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.PHRS.2022.106510.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"849_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1089\/104303403321209005","volume":"14","author":"O Ujhelly","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ujhelly O, \u00d6zvegy C, V\u00e1rady G, Cervenak J, Homolya L, Grez M, et al. Application of a human multidrug transporter (ABCG2) variant as selectable marker in gene transfer to progenitor cells. Hum Gene Ther. 2003;14:403\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/104303403321209005.","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"849_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guberovi\u0107 I, Marjanovi\u0107 M, Mio\u010d M, Ester K, Martin-Kleiner I, \u0160umanovac Ramljak T, et al. Crown ethers reverse P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Sci Rep. 2018;8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-32770-y.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32770-y"},{"key":"849_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13010081","volume":"13","author":"\u00c1 Telbisz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Telbisz \u00c1, Ambrus C, M\u00f3zner O, Szab\u00f3 E, V\u00e1rady G, Bakos \u00c9, et al. Interactions of potential anti-COVID-19 compounds with multispecific ABC and OATP drug transporters. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13:1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics13010081.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"849_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.2478\/acph-2024-0033","volume":"74","author":"G Poje","year":"2024","unstructured":"Poje G, \u0160aki\u0107 D, Marinovi\u0107 M, You J, Tarpley M, Williams KP, et al. Unveiling the antiglioblastoma potential of harmicens, harmine and ferrocene hybrids. Acta Pharm. 2024;74:595\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/acph-2024-0033.","journal-title":"Acta Pharm"},{"key":"849_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang X, Liu X, Zhou W, Yang M, Ding Y, Wang Q, et al. Fasudil increases temozolomide sensitivity and suppresses temozolomide-resistant glioma growth via inhibiting ROCK2\/ABCG2. Cell Death Dis. 2018;9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-017-0251-9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0251-9"},{"key":"849_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lopez-Suarez L, Al Awabdh S, Coumoul X, Chauvet C. The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line, a relevant in vitro cell model for investigating neurotoxicology in human: focus on organic pollutants. Neurotoxicology. 2022;10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2022.07.008.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2022.07.008"},{"key":"849_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2017.10.035","volume":"178","author":"SA Abdel Gaber","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdel Gaber SA, M\u00fcller P, Zimmermann W, H\u00fcttenberger D, Wittig R, Abdel Kader MH, et al. ABCG2-mediated suppression of chlorin e6 accumulation and photodynamic therapy efficiency in glioblastoma cell lines can be reversed by KO143. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol. 2018;178:182\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2017.10.035.","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B Biol"},{"key":"849_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.10.095","volume":"441","author":"JH Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim JH, Choi AR, Kim YK, Yoon S. Co-treatment with the anti-malarial drugs mefloquine and primaquine highly sensitizes drug-resistant cancer cells by increasing P-gp inhibition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013;441:655\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.10.095.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"849_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119112","DOI":"10.1016\/J.LFS.2021.119112","volume":"270","author":"YG Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu YG, Lv YX, Guo CY, Xiao ZM, Jiang QG, Kuang H, et al. Harmine inhibits the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells via the FAK\/AKT pathway. Life Sci. 2021;270:119112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.LFS.2021.119112.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"849_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3389\/FONC.2018.00335","volume":"8","author":"P Weyerh\u00e4user","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weyerh\u00e4user P, Kantelhardt SR, Kim EL. Re-purposing Chloroquine for Glioblastoma: Potential Merits and Confounding Variables. Front Oncol. 2018;8:335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FONC.2018.00335.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"849_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Phon P BWS, Chelliah SS, Osman DER, Bhuvanendran S, Radhakrishnan AK, Kamarudin MNA. Revisiting ABC transporters and their clinical significance in glioblastoma. Pharmaceuticals. 2025;18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph18010102.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18010102"},{"key":"849_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-018-0103-0","volume":"41","author":"I Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang I, Beus M, Stochaj U, Le PU, Zorc B, Raji\u0107 Z, et al. Inhibition of glioblastoma cell proliferation, invasion, and mechanism of action of a novel hydroxamic acid hybrid molecule. Cell Death Discov 2018. 2018;41:4:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41420-018-0103-0.","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov 2018"},{"key":"849_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6121","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.JMEDCHEM.6B00035","volume":"59","author":"A Spindler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Spindler A, Stefan K, Wiese M. Synthesis and Investigation of Tetrahydro-\u03b2-carboline Derivatives as Inhibitors of the Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (ABCG2). J Med Chem. 2016;59:6121\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACS.JMEDCHEM.6B00035.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"849_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21428","volume":"37","author":"D Pe\u00f1a-Sol\u00f3rzano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a-Sol\u00f3rzano D, Stark SA, K\u00f6nig B, Sierra CA, Ochoa\u2010Puentes C. ABCG2\/BCRP: Specific andNonspecific Modulators. Med Res Rev. 2017;37:987\u20131050.","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"key":"849_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5367","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26115367","volume":"26","author":"M Mio\u010d","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mio\u010d M, Beus M, Carevi\u0107 K, Raji\u0107 Z, Sarkadi B, Telbisz \u00c1, et al. Selective Inhibition of the ABCG2 Transporter by Primaquine Derivatives Reverses the Multidrug Resistance of Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26:5367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26115367.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"849_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4001","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13972","volume":"594","author":"P Borst","year":"2020","unstructured":"Borst P. Looking back at multidrug resistance (MDR) research and ten mistakes to be avoided when writing about ABC transporters in MDR. FEBS Lett. 2020;594:4001\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1873-3468.13972.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"849_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2005.11.009","volume":"27","author":"P Breedveld","year":"2006","unstructured":"Breedveld P, Beijnen JH, Schellens JHM. Use of P-glycoprotein and BCRP inhibitors to improve oral bioavailability and CNS penetration of anticancer drugs. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2006;27:17\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2005.11.009.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"849_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2007.12.010","volume":"13","author":"G Szak\u00e1cs","year":"2008","unstructured":"Szak\u00e1cs G, V\u00e1radi A, \u00d6zvegy-Laczka C, Sarkadi B. The role of ABC transporters in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADME-Tox). Drug Discov Today. 2008;13:379\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drudis.2007.12.010.","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"849_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1124\/PHARMREV.120.000025","volume":"75","author":"JA Schulz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schulz JA, Hartz AMS, Bauer B. ABCB1 and ABCG2 Regulation at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Potential New Targets to Improve Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmacol Rev. 2023;75:815\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/PHARMREV.120.000025.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"849_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/S40263-024-01082-3","volume":"38","author":"M Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun M, Manson ML, Guo T, de Lange ECM. CNS Viral Infections\u2014What to Consider for Improving Drug Treatment: A Plea for Using Mathematical Modeling Approaches. CNS Drugs 2024 385. 2024;38:349\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S40263-024-01082-3.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs 2024 385"},{"key":"849_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ronaldson PT, Davis TP. Transport mechanisms at the blood\u2013brain barrier and in cellular compartments of the neurovascular unit: focus on CNS delivery of small molecule drugs. Pharm. 2022;14:1501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/PHARMACEUTICS14071501.","DOI":"10.3390\/PHARMACEUTICS14071501"},{"key":"849_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wijaya J, Fukuda Y, Schuetz JD. Obstacles to brain tumor therapy: key ABC transporters. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18:18:2544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJMS18122544.","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS18122544"},{"key":"849_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/S11060-018-2819-3","volume":"138","author":"A Dr\u00e9an","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dr\u00e9an A, Rosenberg S, Lejeune FX, Goli L, Nadaradjane AA, Guehennec J, et al. ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters: expression and clinical value in glioblastoma. J Neurooncol. 2018;138:479\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11060-018-2819-3.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"849_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dong J, Qin Z, Zhang WD, Cheng G, Yehuda AG, Ashby CR, et al. Medicinal chemistry strategies to discover P-glycoprotein inhibitors: an update. Drug Resist Updat. 2020;49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drup.2020.100681.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2020.100681"},{"key":"849_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(22)01073-5","volume":"174","author":"O Van Tellingen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Van Tellingen O, Lentzas A, Zuidema S, \u00c7itirikkaya C, Venekamp N, Beijnen J. The ABCB1\/ABCG2 inhibitor elacridar is a more potent pharmacoenhancer compared to tariquidar for treatment of intracranial tumors with small molecule drugs. Eur J Cancer. 2022;174:S103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0959-8049(22)01073-5.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"849_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Villa M, Wu J, Hansen S, Pahnke J. Emerging role of ABC transporters in glia cells in health and diseases of the central nervous system. Cells. 2024;13:740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/CELLS13090740.","DOI":"10.3390\/CELLS13090740"},{"key":"849_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101609","DOI":"10.1016\/J.XCRM.2024.101609","volume":"5","author":"C Baltira","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baltira C, Aronica E, Elmquist WF, Langer O, L\u00f6scher W, Sarkaria JN, et al. The impact of ATP-binding cassette transporters in the diseased brain: Context matters. Cell Rep Med. 2024;5:101609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.XCRM.2024.101609.","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"849_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gameiro M, Silva R, Rocha-Pereira C, Carmo H, Carvalho F, Bastos MDL, et al. Cellular models and in vitro assays for the screening of modulators of P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP. Molecules. 2017;22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules22040600.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22040600"}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43440-026-00849-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43440-026-00849-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43440-026-00849-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T19:05:11Z","timestamp":1773774311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43440-026-00849-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43440-026-00849-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1734-1140","2299-5684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1734-1140","type":"print"},{"value":"2299-5684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}