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Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The therapeutic landscape for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has greatly evolved with the introduction of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs); however, concerns regarding their potential association with thyroid cancer have emerged. The aim of this study is to analyze individual case safety reports (ICSRs) involving GLP-1 RAs, focusing on thyroid cancer-related adverse events (AEs) using the European pharmacovigilance database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICSRs reporting GLP-1 RAs (semaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, lixisenatide, dulaglutide) or the dual GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) agonist tirzepatide as suspected drugs were retrieved from the EudraVigilance (EV) database from 1st January 2022 to 26th September 2024. A disproportionality analysis was performed to compare the probability of reporting thyroid cancer-related AEs among these drugs using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Considering the different therapeutic indications, a sensitivity analysis was also conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 34,956 ICSRs were included in the analysis. The majority of AEs were experienced by adult and elderly female patients. The most reported system organ classes (SOCs) were: \u201cgastrointestinal disorders\u201d, \u201cgeneral disorders and administration site conditions\u201d, and \u201cinjury, poisoning and procedural complications\u201d. Disproportionality analysis revealed that semaglutide had a lower probability of reporting thyroid cancer-related AEs than tirzepatide (ROR\u2009=\u20090.54, 95% CI 0.37\u20130.81,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), whereas sensitivity analysis revealed no significant signals across stratified therapeutic groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings should be interpreted with caution, given the inherent limitations of pharmacovigilance databases. Further studies are recommended to better assess the potential causal relationship between GLP-1 RAs and thyroid cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-026-00864-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T04:24:24Z","timestamp":1779942264000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of the safety profile of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a focus on thyroid cancer-related adverse events by using the European pharmacovigilance database"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Antonietta","family":"Anatriello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Liguori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciro","family":"Pentella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9425-9923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Zinzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Ida","family":"Maiorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Capuano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"864_CR1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. 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