{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:57:18Z","timestamp":1793314638590,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacol. Rep"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-026-00903-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:25:56Z","timestamp":1790706356000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Isoflavones as multi-target modulators in glioma and neuroblastoma: a mini-review"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7397-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Pa\u017adziora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5636-8646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Galanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"903_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038096","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1038096","volume":"13","author":"P Aggarwal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aggarwal P, Luo W, Pehlivan KC, Hoang H, Rajappa P, Cripe TP, Cassady KA, Lee DA, Cairo MS. Pediatric versus adult high grade glioma: immunotherapeutic and genomic considerations. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1038096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1038096.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"903_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654103","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.654103","volume":"9","author":"AR Khater","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khater AR, Abou-Antoun T. Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor signaling in pediatric nervous system tumors: implications for malignancy and cancer stem cell enrichment. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:654103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.654103.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"903_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2015.05.005","volume":"152","author":"C Alifieris","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alifieris C, Trafalis DT. Glioblastoma multiforme: pathogenesis and treatment. Pharmacol Ther. 2015;152:63\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2015.05.005.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"903_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043330","volume":"352","author":"R Stupp","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stupp R, van den Mason WP, Weller M, Fisher B, Taphoorn MJ, et al. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(10):987\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa043330.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"903_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noae152","volume":"26","author":"L Sainero-Alcolado","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sainero-Alcolado L, Sj\u00f6berg Bexelius T, Santopolo G, Yuan Y, Lia\u00f1o-Pons J, Arsenian-Henriksson M. Defining neuroblastoma: from origin to precision medicine. Neuro Oncol. 2024;26(12):2174\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noae152.","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"903_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.16.6785","volume":"27","author":"SL Cohn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cohn SL, Pearson AD, London WB, Monclair T, Ambros PF, Brodeur GM, et al. The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) classification system: an INRG Task Force report. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(2):289\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2008.16.6785.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"903_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114295","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1114295","volume":"14","author":"X Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou X, Wang X, Li N, Guo Y, Yang X, Lei Y. Therapy resistance in neuroblastoma: mechanisms and reversal strategies. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1114295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1114295.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"903_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apcsb.2019.01.001","volume":"116","author":"N Fuentes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fuentes N, Silveyra P. Estrogen receptor signaling mechanisms. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2019;116:135\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.apcsb.2019.01.001.","journal-title":"Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"903_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00026.2006","volume":"87","author":"N Heldring","year":"2007","unstructured":"Heldring N, Pike A, Andersson S, Matthews J, Cheng G, Hartman J, et al. Estrogen receptors: how do they signal and what are their targets. Physiol Rev. 2007;87(3):905\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00026.2006.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"903_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2010.226","volume":"89","author":"S Nilsson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nilsson S, Gustafsson J\u00c5. Estrogen receptors: therapies targeted to receptor subtypes. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011;89(1):44\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/clpt.2010.226.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"903_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839005","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.839005","volume":"13","author":"P Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen P, Li B, Ou-Yang L. Role of estrogen receptors in health and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:839005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.839005.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"903_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24185","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24185","volume":"6","author":"GR Sareddy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sareddy GR, Li X, Liu J, Viswanadhapalli S, Garcia L, Gruslova A, et al. Selective estrogen receptor \u03b2 agonist LY500307 as a novel therapeutic agent for glioblastoma. Sci Rep. 2016;6:24185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep24185.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"903_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-005-9005-0","volume":"77","author":"A Batistatou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Batistatou A, Kyzas PA, Goussia A, Arkoumani E, Voulgaris S, Polyzoidis K, et al. Estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) protein expression correlates with BAG-1 and prognosis in brain glial tumours. J Neurooncol. 2006;77(1):17\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11060-005-9005-0.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"903_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1495-3","volume":"15","author":"P Cao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cao P, Feng F, Dong G, Yu C, Feng S, Song E, et al. Estrogen receptor \u03b1 enhances the transcriptional activity of ETS-1 and promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of neuroblastoma cell in a ligand dependent manner. BMC Cancer. 2015;15:491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-015-1495-3.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"903_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2015.3951","volume":"23","author":"H Zhu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhu H, Zheng J, Xiao X, Zheng S, Dong K, Liu J, Wang Y. Environmental endocrine disruptors promote invasion and metastasis of SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells. Oncol Rep. 2010;23(1):129\u201339.","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"903_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-012-0112-y","volume":"38","author":"DC Vitale","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vitale DC, Piazza C, Melilli B, Drago F, Salomone S. Isoflavones: estrogenic activity, biological effect and bioavailability. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2013;38(1):15\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13318-012-0112-y.","journal-title":"Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"6","key":"903_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24061076","volume":"24","author":"L K\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1","year":"2019","unstructured":"K\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1 L, Dad\u00e1kov\u00e1 K, Ka\u0161parovsk\u00e1 J, Ka\u0161parovsk\u00fd T, Isoflavones. Molecules. 2019;24(6):1076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules24061076.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"10","key":"903_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2954","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26102954","volume":"26","author":"J Gorzkiewicz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gorzkiewicz J, Bartosz G, Sadowska-Bartosz I. The potential effects of phytoestrogens: the role in neuroprotection. Molecules. 2021;26(10):2954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26102954.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"903_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9363040","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/936304","volume":"2017","author":"V Desai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Desai V, Bhushan A. Natural bioactive compounds: alternative approach to the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:9363040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/936304.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"903_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00139-y","volume":"20","author":"GC Terstappen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Terstappen GC, Meyer AH, Bell RD, Zhang W. Strategies for delivering therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2021;20(5):362\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41573-021-00139-y.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"13","key":"903_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7389","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137389","volume":"25","author":"W Pa\u017adziora","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pa\u017adziora W, Pa\u015bko P, Grabowska K, Galanty A. Can isoflavone-rich legume plants be useful in the chemoprevention of hormone-dependent cancers? A systematic review. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(13):7389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25137389.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"903_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-7-17","volume":"7","author":"MJ Messina","year":"2008","unstructured":"Messina MJ, Wood CE. Soy isoflavones, estrogen therapy, and breast cancer risk: analysis and commentary. Nutr J. 2008;7:17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2891-7-17.","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"issue":"10","key":"903_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4252","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.10.6216","volume":"139","author":"GG Kuiper","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kuiper GG, Lemmen JG, Carlsson B, Corton JC, van der Safe SH, et al. Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta. Endocrinology. 1998;139(10):4252\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endo.139.10.6216.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"903_CR24","first-page":"402","volume":"6","author":"M Bijak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bijak M, Po\u0142a\u0107 I, Borowiecka M, Nowak P, Stetkiewicz T, Perty\u0144ski T. Izoflawony jako alternatywa dla terapii hormonalnej wieku menopauzalnego. Prz Menopauzalny. 2010;6:402\u20136.","journal-title":"Prz Menopauzalny"},{"issue":"4","key":"903_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.26","volume":"3","author":"T Sehm","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sehm T, Fan Z, Weiss R, Schwarz M, Engelhorn T, Hore N, et al. The impact of dietary isoflavonoids on malignant brain tumors. Cancer Med. 2014;3(4):865\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.26.","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"903_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.3390\/nu3100877","volume":"3","author":"Y Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li Y, Kong D, Bao B, Ahmad A, Sarkar FH. Induction of cancer cell death by isoflavone: the role of multiple signaling pathways. Nutrients. 2011;3(10):877\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu3100877.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"8","key":"903_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.32604\/biocell.2023.028602","volume":"47","author":"L Fu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fu L, Hu J, Shao F, Wu Y, Bai W, Jiang M, et al. Biochanin A, as the Lrg1\/TGF-\u03b2\/Smad2 pathway blockade, attenuates blood-brain barrier damage after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by modulating leukocyte migration patterns. Biocell. 2023;47(8):1869\u20131869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/biocell.2023.028602.","journal-title":"Biocell"},{"issue":"8","key":"903_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.06.015","volume":"155","author":"S Fu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fu S, Gu Y, Jiang JQ, Chen X, Xu M, Chen X, et al. Calycosin-7-O-\u03b2-D-glucoside regulates nitric oxide\/caveolin-1\/matrix metalloproteinases pathway and protects blood-brain barrier integrity in experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;155(8):692\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2014.06.015.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"903_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0265639","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265639","volume":"17","author":"N Gampe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gampe N, D\u00e1vid DN, Tak\u00e1cs-Nov\u00e1k K, Backlund A, B\u00e9ni S. In vitro and in silico evaluation of Ononis isoflavonoids as molecules targeting the central nervous system. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(3):e0265639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0265639.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"903_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1021\/mp500046f","volume":"11","author":"I Wilhelm","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA. In vitro models of the blood-brain barrier for the study of drug delivery to the brain. Mol Pharm. 2014;11(7):1949\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/mp500046f.","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"issue":"12","key":"903_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4634","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-021-3395-y","volume":"14","author":"W Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu W, Lu H, Rao X, Li X, Lu H, Li F, et al. Enhanced treatment for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury of puerarin loading liposomes through neutrophils-mediated targeted delivery. Nano Res. 2021;14(12):4634\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12274-021-3395-y.","journal-title":"Nano Res"},{"key":"903_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.12000","volume":"591","author":"J Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma J, Wang C, Sun Y, Pang L, Zhu S, Liu Y, et al. Comparative study of oral and intranasal puerarin for prevention of brain injury induced by acute high-altitude hypoxia. Int J Pharm. 2020;591:120002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.12000.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"903_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.101606","volume":"31","author":"Q Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao Q, Li Y, Sun Q, Wang R, Lu H, Zhang X, et al. Self-assembled genistein nanoparticles suppress the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma by targeting MMP9. Mater Today Bio. 2025;31:101606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.101606.","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"903_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2004.12.006","volume":"231","author":"DA Schreihofer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schreihofer DA. Transcriptional regulation by phytoestrogens in neuronal cell lines. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2005;231(1\u20132):13\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2004.12.006.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"20","key":"903_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5178","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205178","volume":"20","author":"W Ariyani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ariyani W, Miyazaki W, Koibuchi N. A novel mechanism of S-equol action in neurons and astrocytes: the possible involvement of GPR30\/GPER1. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(20):5178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20205178.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"903_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.09.023","volume":"721","author":"Z Xiao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xiao Z, Huang C, Wu J, Sun L, Hao W, Leung LK, et al. The neuroprotective effects of ipriflavone against H\u2082O\u2082 and amyloid beta induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2013;721(1\u20133):286\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.09.023.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"903_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2003.12.017","volume":"16","author":"OY Bang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bang OY, Hong HS, Kim DH, Kim H, Boo JH, Huh K, et al. Neuroprotective effect of genistein against beta amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Neurobiol Dis. 2004;16(1):21\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2003.12.017.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"903_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.06.016","volume":"61","author":"A El-Bakoush","year":"2018","unstructured":"El-Bakoush A, Olajide OA. Formononetin inhibits neuroinflammation and increases estrogen receptor beta protein expression in BV2 microglia. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018;61:325\u201337.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"903_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-019-01191-4","volume":"42","author":"YH Ko","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ko YH, Kwon SH, Kim SK, Lee BR, Hur KH, Kim YJ, et al. Protective effects of 6,7,4\u2019-trihydroxyisoflavone, a major metabolite of daidzein, on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cell death in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2019;42(12):1081\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12272-019-01191-4.","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"903_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.12.032","volume":"677","author":"QG Gao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gao QG, Xie JX, Wong MS, Chen WF. IGF-I receptor signaling pathway is involved in the neuroprotective effect of genistein. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012;677(1\u20133):39\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.12.032.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"903_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118157","volume":"187","author":"AY \u00d6zdemir","year":"2025","unstructured":"\u00d6zdemir AY, \u00c7etin EA, Novotn\u00fd J, Rudajev V. Daidzein effectively mitigates amyloid-\u03b2-induced damage in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and C6 glioma cells. Biomed Pharmacother. 2025;187:118157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.118157.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"903_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2021.05.014","volume":"85","author":"M Sugimoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sugimoto M, Ko R, Goshima H, Koike A, Shibano M, Fujimori K. Formononetin attenuates H2O2-induced cell death through decreasing ROS level by PI3K\/Akt-Nrf2-activated antioxidant gene expression and suppressing MAPK-regulated apoptosis in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. Neurotoxicology. 2021;85:186\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2021.05.014.","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"903_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.10.081","volume":"104","author":"X Yu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yu X, Wang W, Yang M. Antioxidant activities of compounds isolated from Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen and their inhibition effects on the decrease of glutathione level of rat lens induced by UV irradiation. Food Chem. 2007;104:715\u201320.","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"903_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.01.003","volume":"60","author":"G Zhu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhu G, Wang X, Wu S, Li Q. Involvement of activation of PI3K\/Akt pathway in the protective effects of puerarin against MPP+-induced human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell death. Neurochem Int. 2012;60(4):400\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.01.003.","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"903_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.21736","volume":"30","author":"X Zhu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhu X, Wang K, Zhang K, Lin X, Zhu L, Zhou F. Puerarin protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against glutamate-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2016;30(1):22\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbt.21736.","journal-title":"J Biochem Mol Toxicol"},{"key":"903_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2022.136956","volume":"792","author":"S You","year":"2023","unstructured":"You S, Wang Y, Guo Y, Guo C, Cao F, Shi W, et al. Activation of the ERK1\/2 pathway mediates the neuroprotective effect provided by calycosin treatment. Neurosci Lett. 2023;792:136956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2022.136956.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"903_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-020-00840-0","volume":"75","author":"SL Johnson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Johnson SL, Park HY, Vattem DA, Grammas P, Ma H, Seeram NP. Equol, a blood-brain barrier permeable gut microbial metabolite of dietary isoflavone daidzein, exhibits neuroprotective effects against neurotoxins induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2020;75(4):512\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11130-020-00840-0.","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"903_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-009-9324-7","volume":"28","author":"S Roy Choudhury","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roy Choudhury S, Karmakar S, Banik NL, Ray SK. Synergistic efficacy of sorafenib and genistein in growth inhibition by down regulating angiogenic and survival factors and increasing apoptosis through upregulation of p53 and p21 in malignant neuroblastoma cells having N-Myc amplification or non-amplification. Invest New Drugs. 2010;28(6):812\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10637-009-9324-7.","journal-title":"Invest New Drugs"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"903_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.07.039","volume":"575","author":"IA Ismail","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ismail IA, Kang KS, Lee HA, Kim JW, Sohn YK. Genistein-induced neuronal apoptosis and G2\/M cell cycle arrest is associated with MDC1 up-regulation and PLK1 down-regulation. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007;575(1\u20133):12\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.07.039.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"903_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-013-1019-y","volume":"38","author":"WW Ma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ma WW, Hou CC, Zhou X, Yu HL, Xi YD, Ding J, et al. Genistein alleviates mitochondria-targeted DNA damage in C6 glioma cells. Neurochem Res. 2013;38:1315\u201323.","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"903_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-025-02455-z","volume":"75","author":"F Dinarvand","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dinarvand F, Salehi M, Latifi SA, Karami H. The isoflavone formononetin suppresses hallmarks of glioblastoma progression and activates a compensatory antioxidant pathway. J Mol Neurosci. 2025;75(4):161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-025-02455-z.","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"903_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780159","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1780159","volume":"17","author":"D Chai","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chai D, Xi M, Gao L, Sun L, Kong D, Zhu Y, et al. The therapeutic effect and specific mechanism involved active Chinese medicine component biochanin A in glioma. Front Immunol. 2026;17:1780159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1780159.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"903_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70025","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.70025","volume":"51","author":"Y Pan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pan Y, Wang S, Duan G, Wu J, Feng F, Chen L, et al. Natural product daidzin inhibits glioma development via suppressing the LRP5-mediated GSK-3\u03b2\/c-Myc signaling pathway. BioFactors. 2025;51(3):e70025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/biof.70025.","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"issue":"2","key":"903_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.5650\/jos.ess21288","volume":"71","author":"M Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen M, Zhao H, Cheng Y, Wang L, Alotaibi SH, Zhang Y. Anti-human glioma cancer potentials of neobavaisoflavone as natural antioxidant compound and its inhibition profiles for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes with molecular modeling and spin density distributions studies. J Oleo Sci. 2022;71(2):277\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5650\/jos.ess21288.","journal-title":"J Oleo Sci"},{"key":"903_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26154516","volume":"26","author":"M Maszczyk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maszczyk M, Rzepka Z, Rok J, Beberok A, Wrze\u015bniok D. Neobavaisoflavone modulates topoisomerase inhibitor activity in U-87 MG cells. Molecules. 2021;26:4516.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"8","key":"903_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"gkag397","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkag397","volume":"54","author":"S Banerjee","year":"2026","unstructured":"Banerjee S, Paul S, Majumder R, Manna D, Mondal S, Dhar D, et al. Coupling DNA intercalation with redox catalysis: selective killing mechanism of glioblastoma by daidzin. Nucleic Acids Res. 2026;54(8):gkag397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkag397.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"903_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149840","volume":"1863","author":"LJC Praisthy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Praisthy LJC, Kushwah R, Dubey S, Labhade S, Karwa P, Jain S. Daidzein targets PI3K-Akt signaling and oxidative stress in glioblastoma: an integrated pharmacological and in vitro study. Brain Res. 2025;1863:149840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2025.149840.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"903_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2014.3150","volume":"18","author":"W Ma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ma W, Ding B, Yu H, Yuan L, Xi Y, Xiao R. Genistein alleviates \u03b2-amyloid-induced inflammatory damage through regulating Toll-like receptor 4\/nuclear factor \u03baB. J Med Food. 2015;18(3):273\u20139.","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"903_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.11.012","volume":"302","author":"EA Mazzio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mazzio EA, Bauer D, Mendonca P, Taka E, Soliman KF. Natural product HTP screening for attenuation of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemo attractants (CINCs) and NO2- in LPS\/IFN\u03b3 activated glioma cells. J Neuroimmunol. 2017;302:10\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.11.012.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"903_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4191","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.205572","volume":"16","author":"X Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng X, Chen D, Li M, Liao J, He L, Chen L, et al. Calycosin (CA) inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion by suppression of CXCL10 signaling pathway in glioma. Aging. 2024;16(5):4191\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.205572.","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"903_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2008.1069","volume":"12","author":"YJ Park","year":"2009","unstructured":"Park YJ, Jang YM, Kwon YH. Isoflavones prevent endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated neuronal degeneration by inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation in SH-SY5Y cells. J Med Food. 2009;12(3):528\u201335.","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"903_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-010-0523-5","volume":"39","author":"YJ Park","year":"2010","unstructured":"Park YJ, Jang Y, Kwon YH. Protective effect of isoflavones against homocysteine-mediated neuronal degeneration in SH-SY5Y cells. Amino Acids. 2010;39:785\u201394.","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"3","key":"903_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-010-0523-5","volume":"38","author":"YJ Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park YJ, Ko JW, Jang Y, Kwon YH. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase alleviates homocysteine-mediated neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Neurochem Res. 2013;38(3):1561\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00726-010-0523-5.","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"903_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3783","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53442-0","volume":"14","author":"W Ge","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ge W, Yuan G, Wang D, Dong L. Exploring the therapeutic mechanisms and prognostic targets of Biochanin A in glioblastoma via integrated computational analysis and in vitro experiments. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):3783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-53442-0.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"903_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0000000000000189","volume":"26","author":"A Jain","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jain A, Lai JC, Bhushan A. Biochanin A inhibits endothelial cell functions and proangiogenic pathways: implicationsin glioma therapy. Anticancer Drugs. 2015;26:323\u201330.","journal-title":"Anticancer Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"903_CR66","first-page":"191","volume":"51","author":"A Heghes","year":"2025","unstructured":"Heghes A, Semenescu AD, Moise G, Predescu IA, Trandafirescu C, Antal DS, et al. Genistein: A preliminary in vitro evaluation on IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells. Curr Health Sci J. 2025;51(2):191\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Health Sci J"},{"key":"903_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0142-2","volume":"35","author":"S Puli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Puli S, Jain A, Lai JC, Bhushan A. Effect of rapamycin and isoflavones on mTOR pathway in glioblastoma cells. Neurochem Res. 2010;35:986\u201393.","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"903_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114246","volume":"149","author":"P Lv","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lv P, Hu Y, Ding L, Xiang W. Puerarin triggers sensitivity to ferroptosis in glioblastoma cells by activating SIRT3\/NCOA4-dependent autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol. 2025;149:114246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114246.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"903_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.111804","volume":"237","author":"Q Wei","year":"2026","unstructured":"Wei Q, Yang K, Liu Z, Kong D, Pang W, Qiu R, et al. Calycosin exerts anti-glioblastoma effects by inhibiting GPX-4 to promote oxidative stress. Brain Res Bull. 2026;237:111804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2026.111804.","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"903_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113418","volume":"153","author":"S Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li S, Li J, Fan Y, Huang T, Zhou Y, Fan H, et al. The mechanism of formononetin\/calycosin compound optimizing the effects of temozolomide on C6 malignant glioma based on metabolomics and network pharmacology. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022;153:113418.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"903_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.01.023","volume":"242","author":"Q Ni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ni Q, Fan Y, Zhang X, Fan H, Li Y. In vitro and in vivo study on glioma treatment enhancement by combining temozolomide with calycosin and formononetin. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019;242:111699.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"903_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.03.03","volume":"454","author":"MD Siegelin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Siegelin MD, Gaiser T, Habel A, Siegelin Y. Daidzein overcomes TRAIL-resistance in malignant glioma cells by modulating the expression of the intrinsic apoptotic inhibitor, Bcl-2. Neurosci Lett. 2009;454(2):223\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.03.03.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"903_CR73","first-page":"6434","volume":"8","author":"Q Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu Q, Sun Y, Zheng JM, Yan XL, Chen HM, Chen JK, et al. Formononetin sensitizes glioma cells to doxorubicin through preventing EMT via inhibition of histone deacetylase 5. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(6):6434\u201341.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"903_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.05.097","volume":"1283","author":"N Mohan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mohan N, Karmakar S, Choudhury SR, Banik NL, Ray SK. Bcl-2 inhibitor HA14-1 and genistein together adeptly down regulated survival factors and activated cysteine proteases for apoptosis in human malignant neuroblastoma SK-N-BE2 and SH-SY5Y cells. Brain Res. 2009;1283:155\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.05.097.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"903_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.02.018","volume":"453","author":"MD Siegelin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Siegelin MD, Siegelin Y, Habel A, Gaiser T. Genistein enhances proteasomal degradation of the short isoform of FLIP in malignant glioma cells and thereby augments TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Neurosci Lett. 2009;453(2):92\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.02.018.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"11","key":"903_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29319","volume":"136","author":"X Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu X, Liu K, Qin J, Hao L, Li X, Liu Y, et al. C\/EBP\u03b2 promotes angiogenesis through secretion of IL-6, which is inhibited by genistein, in EGFRvIII-positive glioblastoma. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(11):2524\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.29319.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"903_CR77","first-page":"5303","volume":"17","author":"Y Yazdani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yazdani Y, Sharifi Rad MR, Taghipour M, Chenari N, Ghaderi A, Razmkhah M. Genistein suppresses MMP-2 and VEGF expression in gliomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17:5303\u20137.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"903_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.02.039","volume":"67","author":"E Klauser","year":"2014","unstructured":"Klauser E, G\u00fclden M, Maser E, Seibert S, Seibert H. Additivity, antagonism, and synergy in arsenic trioxide-induced growth inhibition of C6 glioma cells: effects of genistein, quercetin and buthionine-sulfoximine. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014;67:212\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2014.02.039.","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"903_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015765616484","volume":"57","author":"S Khoshyomn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Khoshyomn S, Nathan D, Manske GC, Osler TM, Penar PL. Synergistic effect of genistein and BCNU on growth inhibition and cytotoxicity of glioblastoma cells. J Neurooncol. 2002;57(3):193\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1015765616484.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"903_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.3892\/or.19.4.1061","volume":"19","author":"F Schmidt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schmidt F, Knobbe CB, Frank B, Wolburg H, Weller M. The topoisomerase II inhibitor, genistein, induces G2\/M arrest and apoptosis in human malignant glioma cell lines. Oncol Rep. 2008;19(4):1061\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/or.19.4.1061.","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"903_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2010.02.037","volume":"185","author":"EJ Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee EJ, Kim SY, Hyun JW, Min SW, Kim DH, Kim HS. Glycitein inhibits glioma cell invasion through down-regulation of MMP-3 and MMP-9 gene expression. Chem Biol Interact. 2010;185(1):18\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2010.02.037.","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"903_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027577","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1027577","volume":"13","author":"J Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu J, Sun S, Zhang W, Dong J, Huang C, Wang X, et al. Irigenin inhibits glioblastoma progression through suppressing YAP\/\u03b2-catenin signaling. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1027577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.1027577.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"903_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.11.178","volume":"366","author":"SY Kim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim SY, Lee EJ, Woo MS, Jung JS, Hyun JW, Min SW, et al. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene expression by an isoflavone metabolite, irisolidone in U87MG human astroglioma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;366(2):493\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.11.178.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"903_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.10.035","volume":"95","author":"YJ Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim YJ, Choi WI, Ko H, So Y, Kang KS, Kim I, et al. Neobavaisoflavone sensitizes apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant glioma cells. Life Sci. 2014;95:101\u20137.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"903_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.23889","volume":"64","author":"C Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang C, Xiong X, Li C, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Tian H, et al. Sophoricoside inhibited glioblastoma cell progression through activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Mol Carcinog. 2025;64(5):816\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mc.23889.","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"issue":"5","key":"903_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56120681","volume":"56","author":"LT Yeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yeh LT, Hsu LS, Chung YH, Chen CJ. Tectorigenin inhibits glioblastoma proliferation by G0\/G1 cell cycle arrest. Med (Kaunas). 2020;56(5):681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina56120681.","journal-title":"Med (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"9","key":"903_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2007.08.021","volume":"61","author":"FH Lo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lo FH, Mak NK, Leung KN. Studies on the anti-tumor activities of the soy isoflavone daidzein on murine neuroblastoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother. 2007;61(9):591\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2007.08.021.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"6","key":"903_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/19.6.991","volume":"19","author":"A Brown","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brown A, Jolly P, Wei H. enistein modulates neuroblastoma cell proliferation and differentiation through induction of apoptosis and regulation of tyrosine kinase activity and N-myc expression. Carcinogenesis. 1998;19(6):991\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/carcin\/19.6.991.","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"5","key":"903_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2013.1236","volume":"5","author":"J Zheng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zheng J, Li H, Zhu H, Xiao X, Ma Y. Genistein inhibits estradiol- and environmental endocrine disruptor-induced growth effects on neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Oncol Lett. 2013;5(5):1583\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ol.2013.1236.","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"903_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22244","volume":"88","author":"J George","year":"2010","unstructured":"George J, Banik NL, Ray SK. Genistein induces receptor and mitochondrial pathways and increases apoptosis during Bcl-2 knockdown in human malignant neuroblastoma SK-N-DZ cells. J Neurosci Res. 2010;88(4):877\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.22244.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"903_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22228","volume":"119","author":"A Das","year":"2006","unstructured":"Das A, Banik NL, Ray SK. Mechanism of apoptosis with the involvement of calpain and caspase cascades in human malignant neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to flavonoids. Int J Cancer. 2006;119(11):2575\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.22228.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"903_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(98)00285-8","volume":"34","author":"R Garc\u00eda de Veas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda de Veas R, Schweigerer L, Medina MA. Modulation of the proteolytic balance plasminogen activator\/plasminogen activator inhibitor by enhanced N-myc oncogene expression or application of genistein. Eur J Cancer. 1998;34(11):1736\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0959-8049(98)00285-8.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"903_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690315","volume":"80","author":"I Fajardo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fajardo I, Quesada AR, N\u00fa\u00f1ez de Castro I, S\u00e1nchez-Jim\u00e9nez F, Medina MA. A comparative study of the effects of genistein and 2-methoxyestradiol on the proteolytic balance and tumour cell proliferation. Br J Cancer. 1999;80(1\u20132):17\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690315.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"903_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lddd.2025.100229","volume":"22","author":"Z Hu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hu Z, Liu H, Luo L, Zhu H, Xu Y. CHRM2 drives neuroblastoma progression via the PI3K\/AKT pathway: mechanistic insights and genistein-based therapeutic intervention. Lett Drug Des Discov. 2025;22(11):100229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lddd.2025.100229.","journal-title":"Lett Drug Des Discov"},{"key":"903_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Janardhanan R, Banik NL, Ray SK. N-Myc down regulation induced differentiation, early cell cycle exit, and apoptosis in human malignant neuroblastoma cells having wild type or mutant p53Biochem Pharmacol. 2009;78(9):1105\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2009.06.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2009.06.009"},{"issue":"3","key":"903_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo_00000201","volume":"34","author":"A Das","year":"2009","unstructured":"Das A, Banik NL, Ray SK. Retinoids induce differentiation and downregulate telomerase activity and N-Myc to increase sensitivity to flavonoids for apoptosis in human malignant neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Int J Oncol. 2009;34(3):757\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijo_00000201.","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"903_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2014.11.016","volume":"69","author":"J Ren","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ren J, Yang J, Xu Y, Huang Q, Yang M, Hu K. Lupiwighteone induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and activates the Nrf2\/ARE pathway in human neuroblastoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother. 2015;69:153\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2014.11.016.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"903_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3600","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083600","volume":"26","author":"M Gnanamony","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gnanamony M, Thomas M, Nguyen TH, Brownstein K, de Alarcon PA. Pomiferin induces antiproliferative effects in neuroblastoma cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26:3600.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"903_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-025-03195-1","volume":"43","author":"LJ Hao","year":"2026","unstructured":"Hao LJ, Chou CT, Sung TY, Liang WZ. Pharmacological modulation of Ca\u00b2\u207a signaling by calycosin promotes glioblastoma cell death. Med Oncol. 2026;43(3):151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12032-025-03195-1.","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"903_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-006-9126-0","volume":"79","author":"S Puli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Puli S, Lai JC, Bhushan A. Inhibition of matrix degrading enzymes in glioblastoma cells by isoflavones. J Neurooncol. 2006;79:135\u201342.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"903_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b18-00002","volume":"41","author":"X Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang X, Ni Q, Wang Y, Fan H, Li Y. Synergistic anticancer effects of formononetin and temozolomide on glioma C6 cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2018;41(8):1194\u2013202.","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"903_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2012.1118","volume":"30","author":"H Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li H, Xu W, Huang Y, Huang X, Xu L, Lv Z. Genistein demethylates the promoter of CHD5 and inhibits neuroblastoma growth in vivo. Int J Mol Med. 2012;30(5):1081\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijmm.2012.1118.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"903_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.037","volume":"163","author":"S Karmakar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Karmakar S, Roy Choudhury S, Banik NL, Ray SK. Combination of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide and genistein increased apoptosis in neuroblastoma SK-N-BE2 and SH-SY5Y xenografts. Neuroscience. 2009;163(1):286\u201395.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"903_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tacyildiz N, Ozyoruk D, Yavuz G, Unal E, Dincaslan H, Dogu F, et al. Effects of soy isoflavones (genistein) on chemotherapy and radiotherapy toxicities in childhood cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2010;e20008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2010.28.15_suppl.e20008.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.28.15_suppl.e20008"},{"key":"903_CR105","unstructured":"University of Virginia. Study of genistein in pediatric oncology patients (UVA-Gen001). https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT02624388."}],"container-title":["Pharmacological Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43440-026-00903-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43440-026-00903-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43440-026-00903-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:02:30Z","timestamp":1790766150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43440-026-00903-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":105,"alternative-id":["903"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43440-026-00903-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1734-1140","2299-5684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1734-1140","type":"print"},{"value":"2299-5684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"ChatGPT, based on GPT-5.5 Thinking by OpenAI, for grammar checking and language refinement. The final content, interpretation, and conclusions are entirely the authors\u2019 own responsibility. The figures in this article were created using the online graphic design tool Canva (Canva Pty Ltd., Australia).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Disclosure of using artificial intelligence (AI) in the writing process","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}