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The conventional treatment using fungicides lead to emerging resistance over the past decades. Here, we introduce Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) as a strategy to combat\n                    <jats:italic>B.\u00a0cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections, independent of fungicide resistance. PDI uses photoactive compounds, which upon illumination create reactive oxygen species toxic for\u00a0killing target organisms. This study focuses on different formulations of sodium\u2013magnesium\u2013chlorophyllin (Chl, food additive E140) as photoactive compound in combination with EDTA disodium salt dihydrate (Na\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    EDTA) as cell-wall permeabilizer and a surfactant. In an in vitro experiment, three different photosensitizers (PS)\u00a0with varying Chl and Na\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    EDTA concentrations were tested against five\n                    <jats:italic>B.\u00a0cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains with different resistance mechanisms. We showed that all\n                    <jats:italic>B.\u00a0cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                    mycelial spheres of all tested strains were eradicated with concentrations as low as 224\u00a0\u00b5M Chl and 3.076\u00a0mM Na\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    EDTA (LED illumination with main wavelength of 395\u00a0nm, radiant exposure 106\u00a0J\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). To further test PDI as a\n                    <jats:italic>Botrytis<\/jats:italic>\n                    treatment strategy in agriculture a greenhouse trial was performed on\n                    <jats:italic>B.\u00a0cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                    infected bell pepper plants (\n                    <jats:italic>Capsicum\u00a0annum<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0L). Two different rates (560 or 1120\u00a0g\u00a0Ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) of PS formulation (0.204\u00a0M Chl and 1.279\u00a0M Na\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    EDTA) and a combination of PS formulation with 0.05% of the surfactant BRIJ\u00a0L4 (560\u00a0g\u00a0Ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) were applied weekly for 4 weeks by spray application. Foliar lesions, percentage of leaves affected, percentage of leaf area diseased and AUDPC were significantly reduced, while percentage of marketable plants were increased by all treatments compared to a water\u00a0treated control, however, did not statistically differ from each other. No phytotoxicity was observed in any treatment. These results add to the proposition of employing PDI with the naturally sourced PS Chl in agricultural settings aimed at controlling\n                    <jats:italic>B.\u00a0cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                    disease. This approach seems to be effective regardless of the evolving resistance mechanisms observed in response to conventional antifungal treatments.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43630-024-00579-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T16:19:30Z","timestamp":1715789970000},"page":"1117-1128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Photodynamic Inactivation in agriculture: combating fungal phytopathogens resistant to conventional treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"Jernej","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle S. 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