{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:52:39Z","timestamp":1761699159921,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R307-2018-3318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R307-2018-3318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001734","name":"Copenhagen University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photochem Photobiol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Glyphosate (GLY) is the most widely used pesticide in the world. Agricultural workers are exposed to GLY via ingestion and skin contact. GLY may generate epigenetic changes that might be carcinogenic. However, whether GLY is carcinogenic remains controversial. We investigated whether GLY was co-carcinogenic with ultraviolet radiation (UVR) by monitoring skin tumor development in hairless mice. Four groups of immunocompetent mice (total, N\u2009=\u200996) were used in the study. Two groups received GLY in drinking water (5 \u00b5g\/mL or 50 \u00b5g\/mL), one group received 50 \u00b5L topical GLY (6.59% w\/w) three times per week, and a UVR control group received only tap water. All groups were given UVR until they developed three 4-mm tumors or one 12-mm tumor. Times to development of first, second, and third skin tumors were recorded. In both groups given GLY orally (medians, 163 days) and the group given GLY topically (median, 170 days), the times to skin tumor development were not significantly different from the control group (median, 163 days;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2265\u20090.535). Mass spectrometry imaging showed that topically applied GLY was present on the surface of the skin but not detectable within the skin. There were no differences in weight, erythema, or pigmentation. When combined with UVR, GLY in drinking water or directly applied to skin was not associated with increased skin tumor development.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>fx1<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43630-025-00783-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:58:30Z","timestamp":1760115510000},"page":"1709-1716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glyphosate exposure did not increase the risk of UVR-induced skin tumors in hairless mice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Catharina M.","family":"Lerche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5887-630X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonatan Riber","family":"Granborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0348-6734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rami Nabil","family":"Al-Chaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6398-7197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mette Frandsen","family":"Tullin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4626-3426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Janfelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8060-6413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans Christian","family":"Wulf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"783_CR1","unstructured":"Implementing regulation\u20142017\/2324\u2014EN\u2014glyphosate\u2014EUR-Lex. [cited 2025 Aug 25]. Available from: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg_impl\/2017\/2324\/oj\/eng"},{"key":"783_CR2","unstructured":"PubChem. Glyphosate. [cited 2025 Aug 25]. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/3496"},{"issue":"7","key":"783_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230701748131","volume":"35","author":"D Lynch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lynch, D., Svoboda, J., Putta, S., Hofland, H. E. J., Chern, W. H., & Hansen, L. A. (2007). Mouse skin models for carcinogenic hazard identification: Utilities and challenges. Toxicologic Pathology, 35(7), 853\u2013864.","journal-title":"Toxicologic Pathology"},{"key":"783_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.002","volume":"153","author":"M Bodek\u00e6r","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bodek\u00e6r, M., Harrison, G. I., Philipsen, P., Petersen, B., Triguero-Mas, M., Schmalwieser, A. W., Rogowski-Tylman, M., Dadvand, P., Lesiak, A., Narbutt, J., Eriksen, P., Heydenreich, J., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Thieden, E., Young, A. R., & Wulf, H. C. (2015). Personal UVR exposure of farming families in four European countries. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology, 153, 267\u2013275.","journal-title":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"783_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1986.tb01316.x","volume":"15","author":"HI Maibach","year":"1986","unstructured":"Maibach, H. I. (1986). Irritation, sensitization, photoirritation and photosensitization assays with a glyphosate herbicide. Contact Dermatitis, 15(3), 152\u2013156.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"1","key":"783_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01307.x","volume":"59","author":"F Heras-Mendaza","year":"2008","unstructured":"Heras-Mendaza, F., Casado-Fari\u00f1as, I., Paredes-Gasc\u00f3n, M., & Conde-Salazar, L. (2008). Erythema multiforme-like eruption due to an irritant contact dermatitis from a glyphosate pesticide. Contact Dermatitis, 59(1), 54\u201356.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"3","key":"783_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2165\/00139709-200423030-00003","volume":"23","author":"SM Bradberry","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bradberry, S. M., Proudfoot, A. T., & Vale, J. A. (2004). Glyphosate poisoning. Toxicological Reviews., 23(3), 159\u2013167.","journal-title":"Toxicological Reviews."},{"issue":"3","key":"783_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-120038769","volume":"42","author":"P Amerio","year":"2004","unstructured":"Amerio, P., Motta, A., Toto, P., Pour, S. M., Pajand, R., Feliciani, C., & Tulli, A. (2004). Skin toxicity from glyphosate-surfactant formulation. Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology, 42(3), 317\u2013319.","journal-title":"Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology"},{"issue":"4","key":"783_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000665","volume":"58","author":"C Fortes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fortes, C., Mastroeni, S., Segatto, M. M., Hohmann, C., Miligi, L., Bakos, L., & Bonamigo, R. (2016). Occupational exposure to pesticides with occupational sun exposure increases the risk for cutaneous melanoma. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 58(4), 370\u2013375.","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"783_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158259","volume":"851","author":"B Bukowska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bukowska, B., Wo\u017aniak, E., Sici\u0144ska, P., Mokra, K., & Micha\u0142owicz, J. (2022). Glyphosate disturbs various epigenetic processes in vitro and in vivo \u2013 A mini review. Science of the Total Environment, 851, Article 158259.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"4","key":"783_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-009-9146-6","volume":"26","author":"C Elie-Caille","year":"2010","unstructured":"Elie-Caille, C., Heu, C., Guyon, C., & Nicod, L. (2010). Morphological damages of a glyphosate-treated human keratinocyte cell line revealed by a micro- to nanoscale microscopic investigation. Cell Biology and Toxicology, 26(4), 331\u2013339.","journal-title":"Cell Biology and Toxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"783_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2012.02.007","volume":"178","author":"C Heu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heu, C., Berquand, A., Elie-Caille, C., & Nicod, L. (2012). Glyphosate-induced stiffening of HaCaT keratinocytes, a Peak Force Tapping study on living cells. Journal of Structural Biology, 178(1), 1\u20137.","journal-title":"Journal of Structural Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"783_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2012.02.010","volume":"34","author":"C Heu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heu, C., Elie-Caille, C., Mougey, V., Launay, S., & Nicod, L. (2012). A step further toward glyphosate-induced epidermal cell death: Involvement of mitochondrial and oxidative mechanisms. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 34(2), 144\u2013153.","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"783_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-020-00574-1","volume":"19","author":"CJ Portier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Portier, C. J. (2020). A comprehensive analysis of the animal carcinogenicity data for glyphosate from chronic exposure rodent carcinogenicity studies. Environmental Health, 19(1), 18.","journal-title":"Environmental Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"783_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2009.12.008","volume":"73","author":"J George","year":"2010","unstructured":"George, J., Prasad, S., Mahmood, Z., & Shukla, Y. (2010). Studies on glyphosate-induced carcinogenicity in mouse skin: A proteomic approach. Journal Of Proteomics, 73(5), 951\u2013964.","journal-title":"Journal Of Proteomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"783_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14050433","volume":"14","author":"HC Wulf","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wulf, H. C., Al-Chaer, R. N., Glud, M., Philipsen, P. A., & Lerche, C. M. (2021). A skin cancer prophylaxis study in hairless mice using methylene blue, riboflavin, and methyl aminolevulinate as photosensitizing agents in photodynamic therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 14(5), 433.","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"783_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2023.112760","volume":"246","author":"C Pihl","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pihl, C., Bendtsen, K. M. S., Jensen, H. E., Andersen, F., Bjerring, P., Haedersdal, M., & Lerche, C. M. (2023). Oral phytochemicals as photoprotectants in UVR exposed hairless mice: A study of hesperidin methyl chalcone, phloroglucinol, and syringic acid. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology, 246, Article 112760.","journal-title":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"783_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.12.007","volume":"145","author":"MFS Donslund","year":"2025","unstructured":"Donslund, M. F. S., Granborg, J. R., Niklas, A. A., Janfelt, C., Sloth, J. J., Philipsen, P. A., Wulf, H. C., & Lerche, C. M. (2025). Evaluation of the photocarcinogenic potential of perfluorooctanoic acid in mice after topical and oral exposure. Journal Of Investigative Dermatology, 145(6), 1509\u20131512.","journal-title":"Journal Of Investigative Dermatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"783_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1007\/s43630-021-00105-y","volume":"20","author":"CM Lerche","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lerche, C. M., Al-Chaer, R. N., Glud, M., Philipsen, P. A., & Wulf, H. C. (2021). Few X-ray and PUVA treatments accelerate photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 20(10), 1299\u20131307.","journal-title":"Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"783_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2008.00733.x","volume":"17","author":"CM Lerche","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lerche, C. M., Philipsen, P. A., Sehested, M., & Wulf, H. C. (2008). Photocarcinogenesis of topical tazarotene and isotretinoin alone and in combination with valproic acid in hairless mice. Experimental Dermatology, 17(11), 972\u2013974.","journal-title":"Experimental Dermatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"783_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.1996.tb00069.x","volume":"2","author":"HChr. Wulf","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wulf, HChr. (1996). Dosimetry of UV radiation. Skin Research And Technology, 2(3), 101\u2013102.","journal-title":"Skin Research And Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"783_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12181","volume":"31","author":"CM Lerche","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lerche, C. M., Sepehri, M., Serup, J., Poulsen, T., & Wulf, H. C. (2015). Black tattoos protect against UVR-induced skin cancer in mice. Photoderm Photoimm Photomed., 31(5), 261\u2013268.","journal-title":"Photoderm Photoimm Photomed."},{"key":"783_CR23","unstructured":"Thorling L, Albers CN, Ditlefsen C, Hansen B, Johnsen AR, Mortensen MH, Troldborg L. Grundvand. Status og udvikling 1989\u20132020. Teknisk rapport. GEUS; 2021 [cited 2025 Aug 25]. Available from: https:\/\/pub.geus.dk\/da\/publications\/grundvand-status-og-udvikling-19892020-teknisk-rapport"},{"issue":"12","key":"783_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122738","volume":"18","author":"C Lerche","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lerche, C., Togsverd-Bo, K., Philipsen, P., & Wulf, H. (2017). Impact of UVR exposure pattern on squamous cell carcinoma-A dose-delivery and dose-response study in pigmented hairless mice. IJMS., 18(12), 2738.","journal-title":"IJMS."},{"issue":"16","key":"783_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11080","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c00826","volume":"92","author":"A Dannhorn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dannhorn, A., Kazanc, E., Ling, S., Nikula, C., Karali, E., Serra, M. P., Vorng, J. L., Inglese, P., Maglennon, G., Hamm, G., Swales, J., Strittmatter, N., Barry, S. T., Sansom, O. J., Poulogiannis, G., Bunch, J., Goodwin, R. J., & Takats, Z. (2020). Universal sample preparation unlocking multimodal molecular tissue imaging. Analytical Chemistry, 92(16), 11080\u201311088.","journal-title":"Analytical Chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"783_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.4c00341","volume":"36","author":"CFM Hansen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hansen, C. F. M., Dobrovolskis, L., & Janfelt, C. (2025). Design and implementation of a desorption electro-flow focusing sprayer on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer for DESI mass spectrometry imaging at high spatial resolution and at high speed. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 36(3), 473\u2013482.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry"},{"issue":"1","key":"783_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s13361-017-1809-6","volume":"29","author":"MT Bokhart","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bokhart, M. T., Nazari, M., Garrard, K. P., & Muddiman, D. C. (2018). MSiReader v1.0: Evolving open-source mass spectrometry imaging software for targeted and untargeted analyses. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 29(1), 8\u201316.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry"},{"issue":"6","key":"783_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.03.001","volume":"46","author":"H Zhai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhai, H., Chan, H. P., Hui, X., & Maibach, H. I. (2008). Skin decontamination of glyphosate from human skin in vitro. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(6), 2258\u20132260.","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"issue":"8","key":"783_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1080\/08958378.2020.1814457","volume":"32","author":"JS Pierce","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pierce, J. S., Roberts, B., Kougias, D. G., Comerford, C. E., Riordan, A. S., Keeton, K. A., Reamer, H. A., Jacobs, N. F. B., & Lotter, J. T. (2020). Pilot study evaluating inhalation and dermal glyphosate exposure resulting from simulated heavy residential consumer application of Roundup\u00ae. Inhalation Toxicology, 32(8), 354\u2013367.","journal-title":"Inhalation Toxicology"},{"issue":"11","key":"783_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2009.01034.x","volume":"19","author":"CM Lerche","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lerche, C. M., Philipsen, P. A., Poulsen, T., & Wulf, H. C. (2010). Topical hydrocortisone, clobetasol propionate, and calcipotriol do not increase photocarcinogenesis induced by simulated solar irradiation in hairless mice. Experimental Dermatology, 19(11), 973\u2013979.","journal-title":"Experimental Dermatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"783_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-013-1344-7","volume":"305","author":"CM Lerche","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lerche, C. M., Philipsen, P. A., & Wulf, H. C. (2013). X-rays and photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice. Archives of Dermatological Research, 305(6), 529\u2013533.","journal-title":"Archives of Dermatological Research"},{"key":"783_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2022.113380","volume":"168","author":"R Mesnage","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mesnage, R., Ferguson, S., Brandsma, I., Moelijker, N., Zhang, G., Mazzacuva, F., Caldwell, A., Halket, J., & Antoniou, M. N. (2022). The surfactant co-formulant POEA in the glyphosate-based herbicide RangerPro but not glyphosate alone causes necrosis in Caco-2 and HepG2 human cell lines and ER stress in the ToxTracker assay. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 168, Article 113380.","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"783_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-025-01187-2","volume":"24","author":"S Panzacchi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Panzacchi, S., Tibaldi, E., De Angelis, L., Falcioni, L., Giovannini, R., Gnudi, F., Iuliani, M., Manservigi, M., Manservisi, F., Manzoli, I., Menghetti, I., Montella, R., Noferini, R., Sgargi, D., Strollo, V., Truzzi, F., Antoniou, M. N., Chen, J., Dinelli, G., \u2026 Mandrioli, D. (2025). Carcinogenic effects of long-term exposure from prenatal life to glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides in Sprague-Dawley rats. Environmental Health, 24(1), Article 36.","journal-title":"Environmental Health"},{"key":"783_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Authority (EFSA) EFS. Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance glyphosate. EFSA Journal. 2015;13(11):4302.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.4302"},{"key":"783_CR35","unstructured":"All news - ECHA. [cited 2025 Aug 25]. Available from: https:\/\/echa.europa.eu\/-\/echa-s-opinion-on-classification-of-glyphosate-published"},{"key":"783_CR36","unstructured":"Regulations.gov. [cited 2025 Aug 25]. Available from: https:\/\/www.regulations.gov\/document\/EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0361-0073"},{"key":"783_CR37","unstructured":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Some Organophosphate Insecticides and Herbicides. Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2017 [cited 2025 Aug 25]. (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans). Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK436774\/"}],"container-title":["Photochemical &amp; Photobiological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43630-025-00783-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43630-025-00783-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43630-025-00783-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T21:02:28Z","timestamp":1761685348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43630-025-00783-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["783"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43630-025-00783-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1474-905X","1474-9092"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1474-905X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1474-9092"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}