{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:11:28Z","timestamp":1786983088810,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013569","name":"Ontario Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ORF 08-022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF 08-022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-10\u2013 IAHU-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10\u2013 IAHU-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photochem Photobiol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s43630-025-00791-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T13:57:35Z","timestamp":1764770255000},"page":"2005-2014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dose threshold values for endovascular photodynamic therapy (PDT) in normal pig pancreas and human pancreatic cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Tina","family":"Saeidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain Garcia","family":"Vazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Verde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan\u00e9lie","family":"Wanert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene Alexandra","family":"Spiridon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Swanstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Bown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lothar","family":"Lilge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjen","family":"Bogaards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"791_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., et al. (2021). Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 71(3), 209\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21660","journal-title":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians"},{"issue":"3","key":"791_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9716","volume":"102","author":"SJE Rombouts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rombouts, S. J. E., Vogel, J. A., van Santvoort, H. C., et al. (2015). Systematic review of innovative ablative therapies for the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer. British Journal of Surgery, 102(3), 182\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.9716","journal-title":"British Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900160112","volume":"16","author":"KT Moesta","year":"1995","unstructured":"Moesta, K. T., Schlag, P., Douglass, H. O. J., & Mang, T. S. (1995). Evaluating the role of photodynamic therapy in the management of pancreatic cancer. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 16(1), 84\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.1900160112","journal-title":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1385\/IJGC:35:1:001","volume":"35","author":"L Ayaru","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ayaru, L., Bown, S. G., & Pereira, S. P. (2005). Photodynamic therapy for pancreatic and biliary tract carcinoma. International Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer, 35(1), 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1385\/IJGC:35:1:001","journal-title":"International Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer"},{"key":"791_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13174354","author":"V Karimnia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karimnia, V., Slack, F. J., & Celli, J. P. (2021). Photodynamic therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancers. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers13174354","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"6","key":"791_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.6.853","volume":"36","author":"AM Abulafi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Abulafi, A. M., Allardice, J. T., Williams, N. S., van Someren, N., Swain, C. P., & Ainley, C. (1995). Photodynamic therapy for malignant tumours of the ampulla of Vater. Gut, 36(6), 853\u2013856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.36.6.853","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"791_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.4.549","volume":"50","author":"SG Bown","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bown, S. G., Rogowska, A. Z., Whitelaw, D. E., et al. (2002). Photodynamic therapy for cancer of the pancreas. Gut, 50(4), 549\u2013557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.50.4.549","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"791_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.09.007","volume":"89","author":"JM DeWitt","year":"2019","unstructured":"DeWitt, J. M., Sandrasegaran, K., O\u2019Neil, B., et al. (2019). Phase 1 study of EUS-guided photodynamic therapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 89(2), 390\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gie.2018.09.007","journal-title":"Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"},{"issue":"11","key":"791_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1392150","volume":"47","author":"JH Choi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choi, J. H., Oh, D., Lee, J. H., et al. (2015). Initial human experience of endoscopic ultrasound-guided photodynamic therapy with a novel photosensitizer and a flexible laser-light catheter. Endoscopy, 47(11), 1035\u20131038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1392150","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2021.02.027","volume":"94","author":"Y Hanada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hanada, Y., Pereira, S. P., Pogue, B., et al. (2021). EUS-guided verteporfin photodynamic therapy for pancreatic cancer. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 94(1), 179\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gie.2021.02.027","journal-title":"Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"},{"issue":"7","key":"791_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.95","volume":"110","author":"MT Huggett","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huggett, M. T., Jermyn, M., Gillams, A., et al. (2014). Phase I\/II study of verteporfin photodynamic therapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer. British Journal of Cancer, 110(7), 1698\u20131704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjc.2014.95","journal-title":"British Journal of Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"791_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.08.060","volume":"349","author":"P Nowak-Sliwinska","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nowak-Sliwinska, P., Karocki, A., Elas, M., Pawlak, A., Stochel, G., & Urbanska, K. (2006). Verteporfin, photofrin II, and merocyanine 540 as PDT photosensitizers against melanoma cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 349(2), 549\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.08.060","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"791_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1994.tb05042.x","volume":"59","author":"B Aveline","year":"1994","unstructured":"Aveline, B., Hasan, T., & Redmond, R. W. (1994). Photophysical and photosensitizing properties of benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A (Bpd-Ma). Photochemistry and Photobiology, 59(3), 328\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1994.tb05042.x","journal-title":"Photochemistry and Photobiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"791_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13219","volume":"96","author":"MM Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim, M. M., & Darafsheh, A. (2020). Light sources and dosimetry techniques for photodynamic therapy. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 96(2), 280\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/php.13219","journal-title":"Photochemistry and Photobiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"791_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.22.2.028002","volume":"22","author":"MM Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim, M. M., Penjweini, R., & Zhu, T. C. (2017). Evaluation of singlet oxygen explicit dosimetry for predicting treatment outcomes of benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A-mediated photodynamic therapy. Journal of Biomedial Optics, 22(2), Article 028002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.JBO.22.2.028002","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedial Optics"},{"key":"791_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2015.00006","author":"J Cassidy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cassidy, J., Betz, V., & Lilge, L. (2015). Treatment plan evaluation for interstitial photodynamic therapy in a mouse model by Monte Carlo simulation with FullMonte. Frontiers in Physics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphy.2015.00006","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physics."},{"issue":"9","key":"791_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4711","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.10.004711","volume":"10","author":"T Young-Schultz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Young-Schultz, T., Brown, S., Lilge, L., & Betz, V. (2019). FullMonteCUDA: A fast, flexible, and accurate GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo simulator for light propagation in turbid media. Biomedical Optics Express, 10(9), 4711\u20134726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/BOE.10.004711","journal-title":"Biomedical Optics Express"},{"issue":"8","key":"791_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.23.8.085001","volume":"23","author":"J Cassidy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cassidy, J., Nouri, A., Betz, V., & Lilge, L. (2018). High-performance, robustly verified monte carlo simulation with FullMonte. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 23(8), 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.JBO.23.8.085001","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Optics"},{"issue":"20","key":"791_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17502","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.17.017502","volume":"17","author":"RH Wilson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wilson, R. H., Chandra, M., Scheiman, J., et al. (2009). Optical spectroscopy detects histological hallmarks of pancreatic cancer. Optics Express, 17(20), 17502\u201317516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.17.017502","journal-title":"Optics Express"},{"issue":"20","key":"791_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4286","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.28.004286","volume":"28","author":"M Keijzer","year":"1989","unstructured":"Keijzer, M., Richards-Kortum, R. R., Jacques, S. L., & Feld, M. S. (1989). Fluorescence spectroscopy of turbid media: Autofluorescence of the human aorta. Applied Optics, 28(20), 4286\u20134292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/AO.28.004286","journal-title":"Applied Optics"},{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18277-7","volume":"12","author":"P Lanka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lanka, P., Bianchi, L., Farina, A., De Landro, M., Pifferi, A., & Saccomandi, P. (2022). Estimation of porcine pancreas optical properties in the 600\u20131100 nm wavelength range for light-based therapies. Science and Reports, 12(1), 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-18277-7","journal-title":"Science and Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18277-7","volume":"12","author":"P Lanka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lanka, P., Bianchi, L., Farina, A., De Landro, M., Pifferi, A., & Saccomandi, P. (2022). Estimation of porcine pancreas optical properties in the 600\u20131100 nm wavelength range for light-based therapies. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 14300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-18277-7","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"791_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1089\/clm.1998.16.81","volume":"16","author":"L Lilge","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lilge, L., & Wilson, B. C. (1998). Photodynamic therapy of intracranial tissues: A preclinical comparative study of four different photosensitizers. Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery, 16(2), 81\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/clm.1998.16.81","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery"},{"issue":"8","key":"791_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/8\/1911","volume":"59","author":"M Jermyn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jermyn, M., Davis, S. C., Dehghani, H., et al. (2014). CT contrast predicts pancreatic cancer treatment response to verteporfin-based photodynamic therapy. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 59(8), 1911\u20131921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/8\/1911","journal-title":"Physics in Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"791_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17200000","author":"A Garcia Vazquez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Garcia Vazquez, A., Verde, J., Wanert, F., Spiridon, I. A., Schmid, A., Saeidi, T., Swanstrom, L., Bown, S., Lilge, L., Bogaards, A. (2025). Exploring endovascular photo-activated ablation (EPA) for downstaging locally advanced pancreatic cancer: A proof-of-concept study in the normal porcine model. Cancers, 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers17200000","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"1","key":"791_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1159\/000101874","volume":"7","author":"L Ayaru","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ayaru, L., Wittmann, J., Macrobert, A. J., Novelli, M., Bown, S. G., & Pereira, S. P. (2007). Photodynamic therapy using verteporfin photosensitization in the pancreas and surrounding tissues in the Syrian golden hamster. Pancreatology, 7(1), 20\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000101874","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"791_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferguson, D., Lo, W., Molenhuis, D., et al. (2019). Bpd-Ma mediated PDT of spinal bone metastases: Determining PDT threshold values (p. 1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PN.2019.8819594","DOI":"10.1109\/PN.2019.8819594"},{"issue":"2","key":"791_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.65364","volume":"19","author":"L van Manen","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Manen, L., Schmidt, I., Inderson, A., et al. (2022). Single fiber reflectance spectroscopy for pancreatic cancer detection during endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle biopsy: A prospective cohort study. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 19(2), 205\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijms.65364","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"791_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00803-8","author":"AC Koong","year":"2000","unstructured":"Koong, A. C., Mehta, V. K., Le, Q. T., Fisher, G. A., Terris, D. J., Brown, J., Bastidas, A. J., & Vierra, M. (2000). Pancreatic tumors show high levels of hypoxia. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 48(4), 919\u2013922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00803-8","journal-title":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics"},{"key":"791_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00400","volume":"7","author":"M Jain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jain, M., Zellweger, M., Frobert, A., et al. (2016). Intra-arterial drug and light delivery for photodynamic therapy using Visudyne\u00ae: Implication for atherosclerotic plaque treatment. Frontiers in Physiology, 7, Article 400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2016.00400","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"}],"container-title":["Photochemical &amp; Photobiological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43630-025-00791-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43630-025-00791-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43630-025-00791-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T14:11:59Z","timestamp":1766067119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43630-025-00791-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["791"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43630-025-00791-y","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7013948\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1474-905X","1474-9092"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1474-905X","type":"print"},{"value":"1474-9092","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"A.B. owns shares in the start-up company Vascular Oncology Biotechnologies B.V. and is an inventor on a related patent application (WO2022218991A1). The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The porcine studies referred to were conducted and reported in accordance with the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines for animal research. Animal experiments were reviewed and approved by the local Ethical Committee and authorised by the French Ministry of Education and Research under Protocol notification #28599-2020121012122760. The study design, animal husbandry, and associated procedures complied with the European Directive 2010\/63 and French legislation on laboratory animal protection.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}