{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:27:13Z","timestamp":1789424833151,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006565","name":"University of Johannesburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006565","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photochem Photobiol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The treatment of breast cancer remains a significant clinical challenge, with limited responsiveness to conventional therapies. Photodynamic therapy, using the natural photosensitizer Hypericin, offers a promising modality, but its efficacy is limited by poor solubility, poor selectivity, and non-specific binding. To address these limitations, we developed a targeted nanoplatform leveraging the biocompatibility of gold nanoparticles and targeting capabilities of a monoclonal antibody. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize a novel nanoplatform comprising eco-friendly, green-synthesized gold nanoparticles, loaded with Hypericin, and conjugated with a monoclonal antibody for the targeted photodynamic therapy for MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized using a green-chemistry approach with an aqueous extract of\n                    <jats:italic>Kniphophia porphyrantha<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Hypericin was loaded onto the nanoparticle surface, followed by the monoclonal antibody attachment to create the bionanoconjugate. The conjugate was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, DLS, and TEM. Cellular uptake and phototoxicity of the nanoplatform were evaluated in MCF-7 cells and compared to non-targeted controls using microscopy, MTT and LDH assay, and flow cytometry upon irradiation with 594\u00a0nm diode laser. Treatment with free Hypericin resulted in a 50% reduction in cell viability, while the bionanoconjugate displayed pronounced cytotoxic effects with less than 30% of the cell population remaining viable. 70% reduction in ATP levels was observed in cells treated with the bionanoconjugate, in comparison to only 20% in cells treated with free Hypericin. These results demonstrate the enhanced PDT efficacy resulting from nanoparticle-antibody conjugation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43630-026-00879-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T08:29:37Z","timestamp":1775723377000},"page":"727-740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Targeted photodynamic therapy for MCF-7 breast cancer using antibody-conjugated, green-synthesized gold nanoparticles loaded with hypericin: a proof of concept"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mpho","family":"Mohlongo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blassan P.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Abrahamse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"879_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilkinson, L., & Gathani, T. 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