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UVA-induced erythema, assessed by minimal erythema dose (MED), and TT-dimers, quantified in urine and skin biopsies, were measured before and after treatment with NAM or PL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both NAM and PL increased MED by 26%. With a median MED of 27.7\u00a0J\/cm\u00b2 (13.4\u201351.1\u00a0J\/cm\u00b2) pre-NAM and 34.8\u00a0J\/cm\u00b2 (13.4\u201362.5\u00a0J\/cm\u00b2) post-NAM (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0008). And A median MED of 27.7\u00a0J\/cm\u00b2 (13.4\u201351.1\u00a0J\/cm\u00b2) pre-PL and 34.8\u00a0J\/cm\u00b2 (16.4\u201362.5\u00a0J\/cm\u00b2) post-PL (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0002). Neither treatment reduced UVA-induced TT-dimers in skin (NAM:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.15; PL:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.15) or urine (NAM:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.89; PL:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.30).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NAM and PL were not administered during the urine collection-period, which limited the assessment of the treatment\u2019s effect after radiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UVA-induced erythema was significantly reduced by PL and NAM, but neither had measurable effects on TT-dimer induction. Further research should investigate the relation between these findings and the chemopreventive effect of NAM and PL on skin cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43630-026-00884-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T13:28:05Z","timestamp":1773667685000},"page":"845-852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Changes in ultraviolet a radiation-induced thymidine dimers and erythema after oral nicotinamide or polypodium leucotomos extract in healthy volunteers: a randomized intraindividual trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Aheen","family":"Faisal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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