{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:21:56Z","timestamp":1789042916678,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008994","name":"Universidade De Bras\u00edlia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008994","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photochem Photobiol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The incidence of drug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections is increasing globally, emphasizing the need for novel antifungal strategies. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which generates reactive oxygen species through appropriate light-activated photosensitizers, represents a promising alternative for superficial infections. This study investigated the effect of the epigenetic drugs sodium butyrate (NaBut) and hydralazine (HLZ) combined with PDT on the growth of\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for NaBut, HLZ and PDT alone were assessed against\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells were then exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of NaBut or HLZ (50% or 75% MIC), incubated with the aluminum-phthalocyanine chloride nanoemulsion (AlPc\u2011NE) photosensitizer, and irradiated at 660\u00a0nm.\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the species most susceptible to NaBut (128 mM) and HLZ (0.46 mM), followed by\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    (256 mM NaBut, 1.5 mM HLZ). The\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells were the most susceptible to PDT alone (12.5 nM AlPc\u2011NE), followed by\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (25 nM AlPc\u2011NE). Previous exposure to HLZ significantly increased the efficacy of PDT on inhibiting the growth of these last two species. These findings may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies against superficial\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43630-026-00943-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T09:41:05Z","timestamp":1782380465000},"page":"1679-1686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hydralazine potentiates the antiproliferative effect of photodynamic therapy on Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Lourival Carvalho","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunal","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana Chagas","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Oliveira","family":"da Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Alexandre","family":"Muehlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcio Jos\u00e9","family":"Po\u00e7as-Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"943_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1315399","volume":"373","author":"BJ Kullberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kullberg, B. J., & Arendrup, M. (2015). Invasive candidiasis. New England Journal of Medicine, 373, 1445\u20131456.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"943_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix131","volume":"216","author":"MC Arendrup","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arendrup, M. C., & Patterson, T. F. (2017). Multidrug-resistant Candida: Epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and treatment. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 216, 445\u2013451.","journal-title":"Journal Of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"943_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/femsyr\/fow064","volume":"16","author":"T Gabald\u00f3n","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gabald\u00f3n, T., Naranjo-Ort\u00edz, M. A., & Marcet-Houben, M. (2016). Evolutionary genomics of yeast pathogens in the Saccharomycotina. FEMS Yeast Research, 16, 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Fems Yeast Research"},{"key":"943_CR4","unstructured":"Fraga, M. F., & Rivero, S. R. (2021). In L. M. Jos\u00e9, & \u00c1. R. Iglesia (Eds.), Genome and Epigenetics (pp. 102\u2013121). CSIC."},{"key":"943_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15010085","volume":"15","author":"W Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, W., Ma, Q., Li, Y., Wei, L., Zhang, Z., Khan, A., Khan, M. Z., & Wang, C. (2025). Butyrate supplementation improves intestinal health and growth performance in livestock: a review. Biomolecules, 15, 85.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"943_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38496","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-22439-8","volume":"15","author":"EM Moustafa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moustafa, E. M., Shukry, M., Assas, M., Salah El Din, H. M., Khallaf, M. A., Ghetas, H. A., Hafez, A., Farrag, F., Mousa, A. T., & Marzouk, W. H. (2025). Dietary oregano essential oil and sodium butyrate enhance growth, immunity, and gene expression in nile tilapia post-Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Scientific Reports, 15, 38496.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"943_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burlakova, K. P., & Dimitrov, K. K. (2025). Sodium butyrate in pig nutrition: Applications and benefits, Agriculture, 16, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture16010018"},{"key":"943_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vas.2025.100565","volume":"31","author":"S Pat","year":"2026","unstructured":"Pat, S., Ahmadipour, B., Khajali, F., & Hassanpour, H. (2026). Differential impact of sodium butyrate forms on intestinal morphology, gene expression, and growth performance in broiler chickens under cold stress at high altitude. Veterinary and Animal Science, 31, 100565.","journal-title":"Vet Anim Sci"},{"key":"943_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr358","volume":"66","author":"LN Nguyen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nguyen, L. N., Lopes, L. C. L., Cordero, R. J. B., & Nosanchuk, J. D. (2011). Sodium butyrate inhibits pathogenic yeast growth and enhances the functions of macrophages. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66, 2573\u20132580.","journal-title":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"key":"943_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.03.013","volume":"130","author":"R de Cordeiro","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Aguiar Cordeiro, R., Aguiar, A. L. R., Pereira, V. S., Pereira, L. M. G., Portela, F. V. M., Brilhante, R. S. N.,  de Camargo, Z. P.,  Sidrim, J. J. C., Castelo-Branco, D. D. S. C. M., & Rocha, M. F. G. (2019). Sodium butyrate inhibits planktonic cells and biofilms of Trichosporon spp. Microbial Pathogenesis, 130, 219\u2013225.","journal-title":"Microbial Pathogenesis"},{"key":"943_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2015.1038014","volume":"6","author":"FAS Brand\u00e3o","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brand\u00e3o, F. A. S., Derengowski, L. S., Albuquerque, P., Nicola, A. M., Silva-Pereira, I., & Po\u00e7as-Fonseca, M. J. (2015). Histone deacetylases inhibitors effects on Cryptococcus neoformans major virulence phenotypes. Virulence, 6, 618\u2013630.","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"943_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Morais, J. A. V., Rodrigues, M. C., Ferreira, F. F., Ranjan, K., Azevedo, R. B., Po\u00e7as-Fonseca, M. J., & Muehlmann, L. A. (2020). Photodynamic therapy inhibits cell growth and enhances the histone deacetylase-mediated viability impairment in Cryptococcus spp. in vitro. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.101583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.101583"},{"key":"943_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2025.104299","volume":"176","author":"MV Roa-Cordero","year":"2025","unstructured":"Roa-Cordero, M. V., Arenas-Sep\u00falveda, C. A., Herrera-Plata, M. C., Leal-Pinto, S. M., Villota-Salazar, N. A., & Gonz\u00e1lez-Prieto, J. M. (2025). Switching off the yeast-to-hyphae transition in Yarrowia lipolytica through histone deacetylase inhibitors. Research in Microbiology, 176, 104299.","journal-title":"Research In Microbiology"},{"key":"943_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-07322-4","volume":"23","author":"SE Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu, S. E., Wang, W., Hung, C. T., Chung, C. H., Chien, W. C., & Yang, B. H. (2025). Real-world evidence for repurposing hydralazine as a potential epigenetic modulator for psoriasis: a 16-year retrospective nationwide cohort study. Journal of Translational Medicine, 23, 1296.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"943_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3068","DOI":"10.62347\/IDKG8587","volume":"14","author":"H Salamanca-Ortiz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salamanca-Ortiz, H., Dom\u00ednguez-Gomez, G., Ch\u00e1vez-Blanco, A., Ortega-Bernal, D., D\u00edaz-Ch\u00e1vez, J., Gonz\u00e1lez-Fierro, A., Candelaria-Hern\u00e1ndez, M., & Due\u00f1as-Gonz\u00e1lez,  A. (2024). The inhibitory and transcriptional effects of the epigenetic repurposed drugs hydralazine and valproate in lymphoma cells. American Journal of Cancer Research, 14, 3068\u20133082.","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"key":"943_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2021.112131","volume":"216","author":"K Ranjan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ranjan, K., Brand\u00e3o, F., Morais, J. A. V., Muehlmann, L. A., Silva-Pereira, I., Bocca, A. L., Matos, L. F., & Po\u00e7as-Fonseca, M. J. (2021). The role of Cryptococcus neoformans histone deacetylase genes in the response to antifungal drugs, epigenetic modulators and to photodynamic therapy mediated by an aluminium phthalocyanine chloride nanoemulsion in vitro. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B, 216, 112131.","journal-title":"Journal Of Photochemistry And Photobiology B"},{"key":"943_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2023-0012","volume":"18","author":"FB do Nascimento","year":"2023","unstructured":"do Nascimento, F. B., Valente S\u00e1, L. G., de Andrade Neto, J. B., Sampaio, L. S., Queiroz, H. A., Silva, L. J., Cabral, V. P., Rodrigues, D. S., Pereira, S. C., Cavalcanti, B. C., Silva, J., Marinho, E. S., Santos, H. S., Moraes, M. O., Nobre J\u00fanior, H. V., & Silva, C. R. (2023). Synergistic effect of hydralazine associated with triazoles on Candida spp. in planktonic cells. Future Microbiology, 18, 661\u2013672.","journal-title":"Future Microbiology"},{"key":"943_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2009.10.008","volume":"6","author":"T Dai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dai, T., Huang, Y. Y., & Hamblin, M. R. (2009). Photodynamic therapy for localized infections\u2014state of the art. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 6, 170\u2013188.","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"943_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3390\/microbiolres16020051","volume":"16","author":"S Garc\u00eda-Oreja","year":"2025","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Oreja, S., \u00c1lvaro-Afonso, F. J., Tard\u00e1guila-Garc\u00eda, A., Navarro-P\u00e9rez, D., Garc\u00eda-Morales, E. A., & L\u00e1zaro-Mart\u00ednez, J. A. (2025). Diode laser and red-laser photodynamic therapy with toluidine blue gel for the treatment of onychomycosis: A case series. Microbiology Research, 16, 51.","journal-title":"Microbiol Res (Pavia)"},{"key":"943_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2024.104039","volume":"46","author":"X Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, X., Liang, Y., Guo, Z., Huang, R., Zheng, W., Wu, W., & Li, W. (2024). Photodynamic therapy combined with antifungal drugs against kerion: A report of six cases and literature review. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 46, 104039.","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"943_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-024-04204-x","volume":"39","author":"K Ranjan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ranjan, K., Morais, J. A. V., Dixit, M., Nunes, L. C., Rodrigues, F. P., Muehlmann, L. A., Shukla, P., & Po\u00e7as-Fonseca,  M. J. (2024). Antifungal efficacy of photodynamic therapy on Cryptococcus and Candida species is enhanced by Streptomyces spp. extracts in vitro. Lasers in Medical Science, 39, 255.","journal-title":"Lasers In Medical Science"},{"key":"943_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18020240","volume":"18","author":"FC Costa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Costa, F. C., Nunes, L. C., Ranjan, K., Silveira, A. P., Martins da Silva, I. G., Mariano, A. L. S., de Souza, P. E. N., B\u00e1o, S. N., Po\u00e7as-Fonseca, M. J., & Muehlmann, L. A. (2025). Effect of curcumin pretreatment on the susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans to photodynamic therapy mediated by aluminum phthalocyanine in nanoemulsion. Pharmaceuticals, 18, 240.","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"943_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu, M., Xu, X., Hu, R., Chen, Q., Chen, L., Yuan, Y., Li, J., Zhou, L., Feng, S., Wang, L., Chen, S., & Gu, M. (2023). A membrane-targeted photosensitizer prevents drug resistance and induces immune response in treating Candidiasis. Advanced Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202207736","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202207736"},{"key":"943_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12081230","volume":"12","author":"CE Leferman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leferman, C. E., Stoica, L., Tiglis, M., Stoica, B. A., Hancianu, M., Ciubotaru, A. D., Salaru, D. L., Badescu, A. C., Bogdanici, C. M., Ciureanu, I. A., & Ghiciuc, C. M. (2023). Overcoming drug resistance in a clinical C. albicans strain using photoactivated curcumin as an adjuvant. Antibiotics, 12, 1230.","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"943_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2018.1467876","volume":"44","author":"F Cieplik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cieplik, F., Deng, D., Crielaard, W., Buchalla, W., Hellwig, E., Al-Ahmad, A., & Maisch, T. (2018). Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy\u2013what we know and what we don\u2019t. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 44, 571\u2013589.","journal-title":"Critical Reviews In Microbiology"},{"key":"943_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2024.104332","volume":"49","author":"W Cai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cai, W., Huang, J., Zhang, Q., Li, J., Lin, L., Zhang, J., Xi, L., & Lu, S. (2024). Combinatory effect of ALA-PDT and itraconazole in the treatment of cutaneous protothecosis. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 49, 104332.","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"943_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Muehlmann, A. L., Rodrigues, C. M., Longo, P. J., Garcia, P. M., Py-Daniel, R. K., Veloso, B. A., de Souza, E. P., da Silva, W. S., & Azevedo, B. R. (2015). Aluminium-phthalocyanine chloride nanoemulsions for anticancer photodynamic therapy: Development and in vitro activity against monolayers and spheroids of human mammary adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. Journal of Nanobiotechnology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-015-0095-3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-015-0095-3"},{"key":"943_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6206","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6206-6210.2004","volume":"72","author":"MC Noverr","year":"2004","unstructured":"Noverr, M. C., & Huffnagle, G. B. (2004). Regulation of Candida albicans morphogenesis by fatty acid metabolites. Infection and Immunity, 72, 6206\u20136210.","journal-title":"Infection And Immunity"},{"key":"943_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21965-y","volume":"8","author":"F Brand\u00e3o","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brand\u00e3o, F., Esher, S. K., Ost, K. S., Pianalto, K., Nichols, C. B., Fernandes, L., Bocca, A. L., Po\u00e7as-Fonseca, M. J., & Alspaugh, J. A. (2018). HDAC genes play distinct and redundant roles in Cryptococcus neoformans virulence. Scientific Reports, 8, 1\u201317.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"943_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2018-0337","volume":"65","author":"W Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun, W., Zhang, L., Lu, X., Feng, L., & Sun, S. (2019). The synergistic antifungal effects of sodium phenylbutyrate combined with azoles against Candida albicans via the regulation of the Ras\u2013cAMP\u2013PKA signalling pathway and virulence. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 65, 105\u2013115.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal Of Microbiology"},{"key":"943_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-024-08999-z","volume":"66","author":"Q Xie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie, Q., Li, Q., Fang, H., Zhang, R., Tang, H., & Chen, L. (2024). Gut-derived short-chain fatty acids and macrophage modulation: Exploring therapeutic potentials in pulmonary fungal infections. Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology, 66, 316\u2013327.","journal-title":"Clinical Reviews In Allergy And Immunology"},{"key":"943_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1080\/1120009X.2016.1199507","volume":"29","author":"A Vitali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vitali, A., Vavala, E., Marzano, V., Leone, C., Castagnola, M., Iavarone, F., & Angiolella, L. (2017). Cell wall composition and biofilm formation of azoles-susceptible and -resistant Candida glabrata strains. Journal of Chemotherapy, 29, 164\u2013172.","journal-title":"Journal of Chemotherapy"},{"key":"943_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mota, S., Alves, R., Carneiro, C., Silva, S., Brown, A. J., Istel, F., Kuchler, K., Sampaio, P., Casal, M., Henriques, M., & Paiva, S. (2015). Candida glabrata susceptibility to antifungals and phagocytosis is modulated by acetate. Frontiers in Microbiology . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00919","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00919"},{"key":"943_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-017-0525-8","volume":"62","author":"V Hrabovsk\u00fd","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hrabovsk\u00fd, V., Tak\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1, V., Schr\u00e9terov\u00e1, E., Pastvov\u00e1, L., Hrabovsk\u00e1, Z., \u010curov\u00e1, K., & Siegfried, L. (2017). Distribution and antifungal susceptibility of yeasts isolates from intensive care unit patients.  Folia Microbiologica, 62, 525\u2013530.","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol (Praha)"},{"key":"943_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7080667","volume":"7","author":"Y Hassan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hassan, Y., Chew, S. Y., & Than, L. T. L. (2021). Candida glabrata: Pathogenicity and resistance mechanisms for adaptation and survival. Journal of Fungi, 7, 667.","journal-title":"Journal of Fungi"},{"key":"943_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-025-13595-y","volume":"109","author":"R Kov\u00e1cs","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kov\u00e1cs, R., & Jakab, \u00c1. (2025). The effects of tyrosol on yeasts: An overview of current knowledge. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 109, 201.","journal-title":"Applied Microbiology And Biotechnology"},{"key":"943_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2011.652201","volume":"50","author":"P Albuquerque","year":"2012","unstructured":"Albuquerque, P., & Casadevall, A. (2012). Quorum sensing in fungi\u2014a review. Medical Mycology, 50, 337\u2013345.","journal-title":"Medical Mycology"},{"key":"943_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2008.01626.x","volume":"52","author":"M Kruppa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kruppa, M. (2009). Quorum sensing and Candida albicans. Mycoses, 52, 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"943_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-012-9601-4","volume":"175","author":"JP Lyon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lyon, J. P., Rezende, R. R., Rabelo, M. P., de Lima, C. J., & Moreira, L. M. (2013). Synergic effect of photodynamic therapy with methylene blue and surfactants in the inhibition of Candida albicans. Mycopathologia, 175, 159\u2013164.","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"943_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janeth Rimachi Hidalgo, K., Cabrini Carmello, J., Carolina Jord\u00e3o, C., Aboud Barbugli, P., de Sousa Costa, C. A., Garcia de Oliveira Mima, E., & Pavarina, A. C. (2019). Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in combination with nystatin in the treatment of experimental oral candidiasis induced by Candida albicans resistant to fluconazole. Pharmaceuticals, 12, 140.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph12030140"},{"key":"943_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2011.01039.x","volume":"88","author":"SB Snell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Snell, S. B., Foster, T. H., & Haidaris, C. G. (2012). Miconazole induces fungistasis and increases killing of Candida albicans subjected to photodynamic therapy. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 88, 596\u2013603.","journal-title":"Photochemistry And Photobiology"},{"key":"943_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104483","volume":"51","author":"Z Ghanbari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ghanbari, Z., & Makhdoumi, A. (2025). In vitro photodynamic therapy of Candida albicans, the cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis, is enhanced by Bacillus and Enterococcus probiotics. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 51, 104483.","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"943_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol32020088","volume":"32","author":"DJ Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim, D. J. (2025). The role of the DNA methyltransferase family and the therapeutic potential of DNMT inhibitors in tumor treatment. Current Oncology, 32, 88.","journal-title":"Current Oncology"},{"key":"943_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2017.80","volume":"19","author":"F Lyko","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lyko, F. (2018). The DNA methyltransferase family: A versatile toolkit for epigenetic regulation. Nature Reviews Genetics, 19, 81\u201392.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Genetics"},{"key":"943_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072-024-00551-9","volume":"17","author":"S Karri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karri, S., Dickinson, Q., Jia, J., Yang, Y., Gan, H., Wang, Z., Deng, Y., & Yu, C. (2024). The role of hexokinases in epigenetic regulation: Altered hexokinase expression and chromatin stability in yeast. Epigenetics Chromatin, 17, 27.","journal-title":"Epigenetics Chromatin"},{"key":"943_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01519-z","volume":"8","author":"M Yuan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuan, M., Yang, B., Rothschild, G., Mann, J. J., Sanford, L. D., Tang, X., Huang, C., Wang, C., & Zhang, W. (2023). Epigenetic regulation in major depression and other stress-related disorders: Molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance and therapeutic potential. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 8, 309.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"943_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2005.08.009","volume":"21","author":"K Ekwall","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ekwall, K. (2005). Genome-wide analysis of HDAC function. Trends in Genetics, 21, 608\u2013615.","journal-title":"Trends in Genetics"},{"key":"943_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1155015","volume":"7","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Zhu, Y., Chen, J., Wang, Y., Sherwood, M. E., Murray, C. K., Vrahas, M. S., Hooper, D. C., Hamblin, M. R., & Dai, T. (2016). Antimicrobial blue light inactivation of Candida albicans: In vitro and in vivo studies. Virulence, 7, 536\u2013545.","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"943_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2015.12.007","volume":"13","author":"N Rahimi-Verki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rahimi-Verki, N., Shapoorzadeh, A., Razzaghi-Abyaneh, M., Atyabi, S. M., Shams-Ghahfarokhi, M., Jahanshiri, Z., & Gholami-Shabani, M. (2016). Cold atmospheric plasma inhibits the growth of Candida albicans by affecting ergosterol biosynthesis and suppresses the fungal virulence factors in vitro. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 13, 66\u201372.","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"943_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2024.100306","volume":"87","author":"AM Abdelshafy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdelshafy, A. M., Neetoo, H., & Al-Asmari, F. (2024). Antimicrobial activity of hydrogen peroxide for application in food safety and COVID-19 mitigation: An updated review. Journal of Food Protection, 87, 100306.","journal-title":"Journal Of Food Protection"}],"container-title":["Photochemical &amp; Photobiological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43630-026-00943-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43630-026-00943-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43630-026-00943-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:04:31Z","timestamp":1789041871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43630-026-00943-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["943"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43630-026-00943-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1474-905X","1474-9092"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1474-905X","type":"print"},{"value":"1474-9092","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}