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This study investigates the strategy of combining the phytochemical zerumbone (ZER) with antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) mediated by Photodithazine\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    (PDZ) against growth and gene expression of mature\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    biofilms (ATCC 90028). The biofilms were evaluated across seven experimental conditions, including ZER, aPDI alone, and the combination of ZER\u2009+\u2009PDI. The efficacy of the treatment was assessed through colony-forming units (CFU), biomass reduction (crystal violet staining), and membrane permeability assays (Propidium Iodide). To evaluate mechanisms related with the results, the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production was quantified, and RT-qPCR was performed to evaluate the expression of genes associated with virulence and biofilm formation (\n                    <jats:italic>ALS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>HWP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>EFG1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>SOD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), along with the ergosterol biosynthesis gene\n                    <jats:italic>ERG11<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Additionally, photodegradation was assessed for PDZ alone and in combination with ZER under red-light irradiation (50\u00a0J\/cm\u00b2), with absorbance measured over time. The ZER+aPDI treatment exhibited better results compared with the other groups, achieving a reduction in cell viability and biomass. The combination promoted the induction of ROS production and increased membrane permeabilization. The gene expression was downregulated after the treatment with ZER+aPDI, signaling a comprehensive suppression of adhesion, morphogenesis, antioxidant defense and ergosterol biosynthesis. These findings demonstrate that the association of ZER and aPDI exerts a potent multimodal effect by disrupting the biofilm\u2019s physical architecture, attenuating fungal pathogenicity and antioxidant defenses, and suppressing ergosterol biosynthesis, thereby offering a significant antifungal effect.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43630-026-00994-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:56:29Z","timestamp":1789044989000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Zerumbone combined with antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation reduces growth of Candida albicans biofilms and modulates virulence gene expression"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Juliana Cerini Grassi","family":"de Moraes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Carolina","family":"Jord\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula Aboud","family":"Barbugli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar Augusto","family":"Abreu-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietra Comunh\u00e3o","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9231-1994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Claudia","family":"Pavarina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"994_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7945","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00858-07","volume":"189","author":"HC Flemming","year":"2007","unstructured":"Flemming, H. 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