{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T18:23:09Z","timestamp":1781634189905,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Emerg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s43678-021-00210-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T03:02:43Z","timestamp":1636340563000},"page":"75-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Anxiolysis for laceration repair in children: a survey of pediatric emergency providers in Canada"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kriti","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samina","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikram","family":"Sabhaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyne","family":"Trottier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Drendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maala","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Boisvert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1540-0413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveen","family":"Poonai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Pediatric Emergency Research Canada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"210_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.31.8.326","volume":"31","author":"D Spiro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Spiro D, Zonfrillo M, Meckler F. Wounds. Pediatr Rev. 2010;31(8):326\u201334.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"210_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12998","volume":"23","author":"DNW Neville","year":"2016","unstructured":"Neville DNW, Hayes KR, Ivan Y, McDowell ER, Pitetti RD. Double-blind randomized controlled trial of intranasal dexmedetomidine versus intranasal midazolam as anxiolysis prior to pediatric laceration repair in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2016;23:910\u20137.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"210_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxz026","volume":"24","author":"E Doyon-Trottier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Doyon-Trottier E, Dor\u00e9-Bergeron MJ, Chauvin-Kimoff L, Baerg K, Ali S. Managing pain and distress in children undergoing brief diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Paediatr Child Health. 2019;24(8):509\u201321.","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"210_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1391","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2536","volume":"130","author":"JA Fein","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fein JA, Zempsky WT, Cravero JP. Relief of pain and anxiety in pediatric patients in emergency medical systems. Pediatrics. 2012;130(5):e1391\u2013405.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"210_CR5","first-page":"72","volume":"23","author":"JL Miller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miller JL, Capino AC, Thomas A, Couloures K, Johnson PN. Sedation and analgesia using medications delivered via the extravascular route in children undergoing laceration repair. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2018;23:72\u201383.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"210_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20191623","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-1623","volume":"145","author":"N Poonai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Poonai N, Spohn J, Vandermeer B, et al. Intranasal dexmedetomidine for anxiety-provoking procedures in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2020;145(1):e20191623.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"210_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD009491","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009491.pub2","volume":"5","author":"A Conway","year":"2016","unstructured":"Conway A, Rolley J, Sutherland JR. Midazolam for sedation before procedures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;5:CD009491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009491.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"210_CR8","first-page":"CD003877","volume":"12","author":"PF Ashley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ashley PF, Chaudhary M, Louren\u00e7o-Matharu L. Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;12(12):CD003877.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"210_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2011.05.016","volume":"58","author":"EJ Klein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Klein EJ, Brown JC, Kobayashi A, Osincup D, Seidel K. A randomized clinical trial comparing oral, aerosolized intranasal, and aerosolized buccal midazolam. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;58:323\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"210_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000206298.71083.df","volume":"117","author":"E Bar-Meir","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bar-Meir E, Zaslansky R, Regev E, Keidan I, Orenstein A, Winkler E. Nitrous oxide administered by the plastic surgeon for repair of facial lacerations in children in the emergency room. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;117(5):1571\u20135.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"210_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2015-0280","volume":"6","author":"C Sulton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sulton C, McCracken C, Simon HK, et al. Pediatric procedural sedation using dexmedetomidine: a report from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium. Hosp Pediatr. 2016;6(9):536\u201344.","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"key":"210_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.4103\/joacp.JOACP_204_16","volume":"33","author":"A Gupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta A, Dalvi NP, Tendolkar BA. Comparison between intranasal dexmedetomidine and intranasal midazolam as premedication for brain magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric patients: a prospective randomized double blind trial. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2017;33:236\u201340.","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"210_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13010","volume":"27","author":"B Ghai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghai B, Jain K, Saxena AK, Bhatia N, Sodhi KS. Comparison of oral midazolam with intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication for children undergoing CT imaging: a randomized, double-blind, and controlled study. Pediatr Anesth. 2017;27:37\u201344.","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"210_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.38.3.l828585807482966","volume":"38","author":"MN Surendar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Surendar MN, Pandey RK, Saksena AK, Kumar R, Chandra G. A comparative evaluation of intranasal dexmedetomidine, midazolam and ketamine for their sedative and analgesic properties: a triple blind randomized study. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2014;38(3):255\u201361.","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"210_CR15","unstructured":"Dillman DA. Mail and Internet Surveys. 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons Inc. (Hoboken, New Jersey). 2007."},{"issue":"2","key":"210_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","volume":"42","author":"PA Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42(2):377\u201381.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"3","key":"210_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.080372","volume":"179","author":"KE Burns","year":"2008","unstructured":"Burns KE, Duffett M, Kho ME, et al. A guide for the design and conduct of self-administered surveys of clinicians. CMAJ. 2008;179(3):245\u201352.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"210_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.04.063","volume":"37","author":"L Malia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Malia L, Laurich VM, Sturm JJ. Adverse events and satisfaction with use of intranasal midazolam for emergency department procedures in children. Am J Emerg Med. 2019;37(1):85\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"210_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2017.05.029","volume":"53","author":"SA Mellion","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mellion SA, Bourne D, Brou L, et al. Evaluation clinical effectiveness and pharmacokinetics of atomized intranasal midazolam in children undergoing laceration repair. J Emerg Med. 2017;53(3):397\u2013404.","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"210_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.3.624","volume":"91","author":"MC Theroux","year":"1993","unstructured":"Theroux MC, West DW, Corddry DH, et al. Efficacy of intranasal midazolam in facilitating suturing of lacerations in preschool children in the emergency department. Pediatrics. 1993;91(3):624\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"210_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.18.1.30","volume":"18","author":"PA Younge","year":"2001","unstructured":"Younge PA, Kendall JM. Sedation for children requiring wound repair: a randomised controlled double blind comparison of oral midazolam and oral ketamine. Emerg Med J. 2001;18:30\u20133.","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"210_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-200204000-00002","volume":"18","author":"IJ Everitt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Everitt IJ, Barnett P. Comparison of two benzodiazepines used for sedation of children undergoing suturing of a laceration in an emergency department. Pediatr Emer Care. 2002;18(2):72\u20134.","journal-title":"Pediatr Emer Care"},{"key":"210_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2002.00918.x","volume":"12","author":"A Kogan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kogan A, Katz J, Efrat R, et al. Premedication with midazolam in young children: a comparison of four routes of administration. Paediatr Anaesth. 2002;12:685\u20139.","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"210_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.4582","volume":"173","author":"TM Frey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Frey TM, Florin TA, Caruso M, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Mittiga MR. Effect of intranasal ketamine vs fentanyl on pain reduction for extremity injuries in children: the PRIME randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(2):140\u20136.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"210_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poonai N, Canton K, Ali S, et al. Intranasal ketamine for procedural sedation and analgesia in children: a systematic review. PLOS ONE. 2017;12(3).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173253"},{"key":"210_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.03.021","volume":"35","author":"Z Xie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xie Z, Shen W, Lin J, Xiao L, Liao M, Gan X. Sedation effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine delivered as sprays versus drops on pediatric response to venous cannulation. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35:1126\u201330.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"210_CR27","first-page":"158","volume":"17","author":"H Qiao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qiao H, Xie Z, Jia J. Pediatric premedication: a double-blind randomized trial of dexmedetomidine or ketamine alone versus a combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine. BMC Anaesth. 2017;17:158\u201365.","journal-title":"BMC Anaesth"},{"key":"210_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao Q, Lin Y, Xie Z, et al. Comparison of sedation by intranasal dexmedetomidine and oral chloral hydrate for pediatric ophthalmic examination. Pediatr Anesth. 2017;27(629\u201336).","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13148"},{"issue":"6","key":"210_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.04.036","volume":"38","author":"X Gan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gan X, Lin H, Chen J, Lin Z, Lin Y, Chen W. Rescue sedation with intranasal dexmedetomidine for pediatric ophthalmic examination after chloral hydrate failure: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Ther. 2016;38(6):1522\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"210_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12819","volume":"26","author":"J Miller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miller J, Xue B, Hossain M, Zhang M-Z, Loepke A, Kurth D. Comparison of dexmedetomidine and chloral hydrate sedation for transthoracic echocardiography in infants and toddlers: a randomized clinical trial. Pediatr Anesth. 2016;26:266\u201372.","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"210_CR31","first-page":"99","volume":"66","author":"S Kundu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kundu S, Achar S. Principles of Office Anesthesia: Part II. Topical Anesthesia. Am Fam Phys. 2002;66(1):99\u2013102.","journal-title":"Am Fam Phys"},{"key":"210_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0519","volume":"117","author":"ALFR Baxter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baxter ALFR, Burke BL, Goldblatt SS, Isaacman DJ, Lawson ML. Local anesthetic and stylet styles: factors associated with resident lumbar puncture success. Pediatrics. 2006;117:876\u201381.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"210_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000707","volume":"3","author":"SJ Friedrichsdorf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Friedrichsdorf SJ, Eull D, Weidner C, Postier A. A hospital-wide initiative to eliminate or reduce needle pain in children using lean methodology. Pain Rep. 2018;3:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Pain Rep"},{"key":"210_CR34","unstructured":"Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. Dexmedetomidine for Sedation in the ICU or PICU: A Review of Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines. Appendix 1. Cost Comparison of ICU Sedatives Ottawa, Ontario, Canada2014. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK268691\/"},{"issue":"02","key":"210_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665113003820","volume":"73","author":"JS Mindell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mindell JS, Coombs N, Stamatakis E. Measuring physical activity in children and adolescents for dietary surveys: practicalities, problems and pitfalls. Proc Nutr Soc. 2014;73(02):218\u201325.","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"210_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.93.5.797","volume":"93","author":"SE Arts","year":"1994","unstructured":"Arts SE, Abu-Saad HH, Champion GD, et al. Age-related response to lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA) emulsion and effect of music distraction on the pain of intravenous cannulation. Pediatrics. 1994;93:797\u2013801.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43678-021-00210-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43678-021-00210-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43678-021-00210-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]],"date-time":"2023-01-14T16:52:16Z","timestamp":1673715136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43678-021-00210-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43678-021-00210-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1481-8035","1481-8043"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1481-8035","type":"print"},{"value":"1481-8043","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 November 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}