{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T16:59:06Z","timestamp":1772557146242,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Emerg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s43678-025-01072-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T14:05:00Z","timestamp":1768226700000},"page":"156-161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Safety profile of midazolam for minimal sedation in the pediatric emergency department"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Ehud","family":"Rosenbloom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Aviv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Schujovizky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8240-4441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nir","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1072_CR1","unstructured":"American College of Emergency Physicians. Policy statement: procedural sedation in the emergency department. Available at https:\/\/www.acep.org\/patient-care\/policy-statements\/procedural-sedation-in-the-emergency-department\/. Accessed 4 Febr 2020."},{"key":"1072_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Godwin SA, Burton JH, Gerardo CJ, et al. American College of Emergency Physicians. ACEP clinical policy: procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2014;63:247\u201358.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2013.10.015"},{"key":"1072_CR3","unstructured":"American College of Emergency Physicians. Unscheduled Procedural Sedation: A Multidisciplinary Consensus Practice Guideline. Available at https:\/\/www.acep.org\/globalassets\/new-pdfs\/policy-statements\/unscheduled-procedural-sedation---a-multidisciplinary-consensus-practice-guideline.pdf. Last Accessed 4 Febr 2025."},{"issue":"9512","key":"1072_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68230-5","volume":"367","author":"B Krauss","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krauss B, Green SM. Procedural sedation and analgesia in children. Lancet. 2006;367(9512):766\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68230-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1072_CR5","unstructured":"Shavit I, Augarten A, Efrat R, Hershman E, Zimerman D, Kozer E, et al. Approach to pain and anxiety in the pediatric emergency department (Hebrew). 2010 Israel Medical Association. Available from: https:\/\/www.ima.org.il\/userfiles\/image\/clinical_52_pain.pdf. Last Accessed 4 Febr 2025."},{"issue":"10","key":"1072_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.2135","volume":"171","author":"M Bhatt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bhatt M, Johnson DW, Chan J, Taljaard M, Barrowman N, Farion KJ, et al. Risk factors for adverse events in emergency department procedural sedation for children. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(10):957\u201364.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"1072_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12938","volume":"23","author":"L Hartling","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hartling L, Milne A, Foisy M, Lang ES, Sinclair D, Klassen TP, et al. What works and what\u2019s safe in pediatric emergency procedural sedation: an overview of reviews. Acad Emerg Med. 2016;23(5):519\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acem.12938.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1072_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20191000","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-1000","volume":"143","author":"CJ Cote","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cote CJ, Wilson S. Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients before, during and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. From The American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatrics. 2019;143(6):e20191000.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"1072_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31816ecb6f","volume":"24","author":"RD Lane","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lane RD, Schunk JE. Atomized intranasal midazolam use for minor procedures in the paediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2008;24(5):300\u20133.","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"1072_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S156080","volume":"11","author":"G Neuman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neuman G, Tobia RS, Koren L, Leiba R, Shavit I. Single dose oral midazolam for minor emergency department procedures in children: a retrospective cohort study. J Pain Res. 2018;11:319\u201324.","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"1072_CR11","unstructured":"American Society of Anesthesiologists . Statement on Continuum of Depth of Sedation: Definition of General Anesthesia and Levels of Sedation\/Analgesia. Last Amended: October 23, 2024. Available at : https:\/\/www.asahq.org\/standards-and-practice-parameters\/statement-on-continuum-of-depth-of-sedation-definition-of-general-anesthesia-and-levels-of-sedation-analgesia. Last Accessed 4 Febr 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"1072_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer407","volume":"108","author":"KP Mason","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mason KP, Green SM, Piacevoli Q, The International Sedation Task Force. Adverse event reporting tool to standardize the reporting and tracking of adverse events during procedural sedation: a consensus document from the World SIVA International Sedation Task Force. Br J Anaesth. 2012;108(1):13\u201320.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"1072_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426.e4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.030","volume":"53","author":"M Bhatt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bhatt M, Kennedy RM, Osmond MH, Krauss B, McAllister JD, Ansermino JM, et al. Consensus-based recommendations for standardizing terminology and reporting adverse events for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia in children. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;53(4):426\u2013435.e4.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1072_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.04.063","volume":"37","author":"L Malia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Malia L, Laurich VM, Sturm J. Adverse events and satisfaction with use of intranasal midazolam for emergency department procedures in children. Am J Emerg Med. 2019;37(1):85\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.04.063.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1072_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(92)90190-9","volume":"10","author":"DM Yealy","year":"1992","unstructured":"Yealy DM, Ellis JH, Hobbs GD, Moscati RM. Intranasal midazolam as a sedative for children during laceration repair. Am J Emerg Med. 1992;10(6):584\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0735-6757(92)90190-9.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"1072_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13747","volume":"29","author":"MA Manso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manso MA, Guittet C, Vandenhende F, Granier LA. Efficacy of oral midazolam for minimal and moderate sedation in pediatric patients: a systematic review. Paediatr Anaesth. 2019;29(11):1094\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.13747.","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1072_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00225","volume":"11","author":"X Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng X, Chen Z, Zhang L, Peipei Xu, Qin F, Jiao X, et al. Efficacy and safety of midazolam oral solution for sedative hypnosis and anti-anxiety in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:225.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1072_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-200112000-00004","volume":"17","author":"S Dial","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dial S, Silver P, Bock K, Sagy M. Pediatric sedation for procedures titrated to a desired degree of immobility results in unpredictable depth of sedation. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2001;17(6):414\u201320.","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"1072_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1177\/00099228221132020","volume":"62","author":"Z Trotter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Trotter Z, Mecham C, Bhattarai B. Physician self-reported practice patterns: midazolam for minor procedures in pediatric patients. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2023;62(6):605\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00099228221132020.","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"9","key":"1072_CR20","first-page":"414","volume":"72","author":"S Pickthorn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pickthorn S, Terpstra E, Conde TP, Kolba J, Ali M. Use of midazolam for minimal sedation in pediatric outpatients: a survey analysis of patient experience and parent\u2013guardian satisfaction. S D Med. 2019;72(9):414\u20137.","journal-title":"S D Med"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43678-025-01072-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43678-025-01072-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43678-025-01072-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T15:16:24Z","timestamp":1772550984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43678-025-01072-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43678-025-01072-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1481-8035","1481-8043"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1481-8035","type":"print"},{"value":"1481-8043","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the institutional review board in 2021 (Meir Medical Center\u20140038-21).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}