{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:27:03Z","timestamp":1786116423336,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Res Health Serv Reg"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More than 90% of the highest incidence rates of cervical cancer occur in sub-Saharan Africa region. However, this region has low uptake of cervical cancer screening compared to other World Health Organization (WHO) regions. Therefore, the current study aimed to show the geographical and regional variation and predictors of low uptake of cervical cancer screening among women aged 30\u201349 years in Tanzania.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study analyzed data from 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (TDHS-MIS). The uptake of cervical cancer screening was the outcome variable which dichotomized into \u201cYes\u201d for the women who reported a doctor or other healthcare provider ever tested her for cervical cancer otherwise it was coded \u201cNo.\u201d Besides, descriptive and geospatial analysis, the mixed-effect multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of low uptake of cervical cancer screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included a total of 6911 women between 30 and 49 years old, with the median age (interquartile range) of 38 (34\u201343) years. The overall uptake of cervical cancer in Tanzania remain low (12.2%). The geospatial analysis indicates the lowest uptake was observed in Southern (4.7%) and Central (5.9%). The random effect model revealed that the variation in uptake of cervical cancer screening, 26% was attributed to between clusters within regions or geographical zones differences [ICC\u2009=\u20090.26, 95%CI; 0.22\u20130.31]. Fixed effect model revealed that women with older ages, formal education, health insurance coverage, employed for cash, being in rich household, listen to radio, reading newspapers, magazines, or using the internet had higher odds of uptake cervical cancer screening than their counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For realization of WHO target on elimination of cervical cancer by screening 70% of all eligible women age 30 and above by 2030, more efforts on addressing social determinants of health and provision of health education through mass media should be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43999-026-00095-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T09:54:54Z","timestamp":1786010094000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Regional variations and predictors of low uptake of cervical cancer screening among women aged 30\u201349 years in Tanzania: a geospatial and multilevel analysis of population-based survey"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7877-870X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deogratius","family":"Bintabara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costantine C.","family":"Kamata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramadhani","family":"Mohamedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eveline","family":"Konje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanase","family":"Lilungulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"95_CR1","volume-title":"Global cancer observatory: cancer today","author":"J Ferlay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Pi\u00f1eros M et al (2020) Global cancer observatory: cancer today, vol 20182020. 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Ethical approval for the original survey was obtained from relevant national ethical review bodies, including the National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) through the Tanzania National Research Ethics Committee (NatREC) and the Zanzibar Medical Research Ethical Committee (ZAMREC), as well as the ICF Institutional Review Board (IRB). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. The survey adhered to strict ethical guidelines to ensure participant confidentiality and privacy, and no personally identifiable information was included in the publicly available dataset. Access to the dataset used in this study was obtained through the DHS Program following formal approval. As this study involved the secondary analysis of fully anonymized data, no additional ethical approval was required from the principal investigator\u2019s institution. All study procedures were conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national ethical standards.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study uses de-identified, publicly available data from the 2022 TDHS-MIS, obtained with permission from the DHS Program. Therefore, no additional consent was required, as all results are presented in aggregate to ensure confidentiality.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to declare. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. The corresponding author had full access to all of the data in this study and takes complete responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"11"}}