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Each vascular network is modeled as a combined heterogeneous representation of retinal arterioles and compartmental representation of capillaries, small venules, and large venules. A Green\u2019s function method is used to model oxygen transport in the arterioles, and a Krogh cylinder model is used in the capillaries and venules. Identical input arterial blood saturation (0.92), arteriolar pressure drop (16\u00a0mmHg), and arteriolar diameters by vessel order (117, 73, 44, 32, and 22\u00a0\u00b5m) are assumed for both networks. The model shows that 12% of the arteriolar tissue in Branch 1 has a PO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> less than 25\u00a0mmHg, while only 1% of the arteriolar tissue in Branch 2 has a PO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> less than 25\u00a0mmHg. However, downstream of the capillaries, Branch 2 was predicted to exhibit lower tissue PO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> than Branch 1. The model also predicted increased oxygen extraction fraction as oxygen demand increased or capillary density decreased. Even with identical initial conditions for saturation, pressure drop, and diameter, variations in network geometry led to significantly different regions of low PO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, indicating a wide range of potential oxygenation outcomes for individual patients. This study therefore demonstrates that regional heterogeneity in vessel branching architecture may significantly impact oxygen saturation and ultimately retinal ganglion cell functionality, motivating the need for creating patient-specific vascular networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44007-025-00164-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T13:30:35Z","timestamp":1749130235000},"page":"623-642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Vascular Network Structure Heterogeneity on Retinal Tissue Oxygenation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2882-3653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Arciero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brendan C.","family":"Fry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Croix","family":"Gyurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Albright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Eckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gal","family":"Antman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Verticchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Siesky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alon","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"164_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100841","volume":"78","author":"A Harris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harris, A., Guidoboni, G., Siesky, B., Mathew, S., Vercellin, A.C.V., Rowe, L., Arciero, J.: Ocular blood flow as a clinical observation: value, limitations and data analysis. 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Alon Harris would like to disclose that he received remuneration from AdOM, Qlaris, and Cipla for serving as a consultant, and he serves on the board of AdOM, Qlaris\u00a0and SlitLed. Alon Harris holds an ownership interest in AdOM, Oxymap, Qlaris, and SlitLed.\u00a0Alice Verticchio Vercellin is an external collaborator of the IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, Rome. If you have questions regarding paid relationships that your physician\/researcher may have with industry, you are encouraged to talk with your physician\/researcher, or check for industry relationships posted on individual faculty pages on our website at .","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}