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Here, we characterize the paired NLRs <jats:italic>NRCX<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>NARY<\/jats:italic> (NRCX adjacent resistance gene Y) in <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana<\/jats:italic>. CRISPR\/Cas9 knockout of <jats:italic>NRCX<\/jats:italic> caused severe dwarfism and constitutively activated immunity, marked by <jats:italic>PR1<\/jats:italic> upregulation and enhanced resistance to <jats:italic>Phytophthora capsici<\/jats:italic>. Co-silencing or double knockout of the adjacent NLR <jats:italic>NARY<\/jats:italic> partially rescued the <jats:italic>nrcx<\/jats:italic> phenotype, revealing NARY as a compensatory regulator that modulates growth and immunity. Structural analysis revealed that NARY harbors non-canonical Walker B and MHD motifs, which lack autoactivation capacity despite their divergence from canonical NLR executors. Split-luciferase and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that NRCX and NARY interact exclusively through their CC domains, forming a non-canonical regulatory complex. Notably, simultaneous silencing of <jats:italic>NRC2\/3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>NARY<\/jats:italic> incompletely restored growth in <jats:italic>nrcx<\/jats:italic> mutants, implicating additional factors in immune modulation. Our findings establish NARY as a compensatory NLR partner of NRCX that fine-tunes immunity without triggering cell death, revealing a novel mechanism for balancing growth and defense in Solanaceae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44154-025-00245-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T23:02:21Z","timestamp":1756854141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A CNL protein forms an NLR pair with NRCX to modulate plant immunity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuyan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiye","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaning","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gan","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5226-6642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daolong","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"245_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2019.04.007","volume":"50","author":"H Adachi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adachi H, Derevnina L, Kamoun S (2019) NLR singletons, pairs, and networks: evolution, assembly, and regulation of the intracellular immunoreceptor circuitry of plants. 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