{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:57:43Z","timestamp":1790711863545,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["223016\/Z\/21\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["223016\/Z\/21\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["223016\/Z\/21\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["223016\/Z\/21\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["223016\/Z\/21\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["223016\/Z\/21\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007051","name":"Uppsala University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Ment Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Psychological trauma for those utilising and delivering healthcare is common, and in particular the experience of repeated <jats:italic>and unwanted<\/jats:italic> intrusive memories (IM) of the trauma can occur. There are several psychological interventions that have been shown to be effective with the full syndrome of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), but researchers have only recently explored targeted interventions for IMs. This review provides a summary of a body of work on a behavioural technique called \u201cImagery Competing Task Intervention\u201d (ICTI) for intrusive memories after trauma by Holmes and colleagues. The papers presented outline the underlying cognitive science, the historical development of the intervention, and its application to various different populations in healthcare settings including clinical tests of efficacy. Settings and populations include traumatic events experienced by emergency department patients and emergency caesarean section patients, as well as after work-related trauma experienced by intensive care staff and wider healthcare staff. Timing of ICTI intervention delivery has included the same day of trauma, within 72 h and for older memories weeks, months (or years) post-trauma. The intervention has been delivered with a guided session, which in some studies is in person and some remotely via digital health application. There is a brief overview of other related interventions. The ICTI approach shows potential scalability in trauma laden environments such as healthcare, where exposure is unlikely to be limited or managed and symptoms such as subclinical IMs are common. As such the intervention could be used in a preventing-and-treating approach and in subclinical-to-clinical samples who have IMs after exposure to psychological trauma. Future research would be needed to test ICTI as an intervention for the full syndrome of PTSD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44192-025-00205-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T16:31:38Z","timestamp":1748363498000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A summary review of the development of using a brief imagery-competing task intervention (ICTI) for reducing intrusive memories of psychological trauma: applications in healthcare settings for both staff and patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7273-2345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Highfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9957-2214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lalitha","family":"Iyadurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7319-3112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily A.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1882781","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2021.1882781","volume":"12","author":"T Greene","year":"2021","unstructured":"Greene T, et al. Predictors and rates of PTSD, depression and anxiety in UK frontline health and social care workers during COVID-19. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2021;12(1):1882781.","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"205_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2020.151279","volume":"44","author":"EA Werner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Werner EA, et al. Addressing mental health in patients and providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Semin Perinatol. 2020;44(7): 151279.","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"205_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001981","volume":"46","author":"C Benjet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benjet C, et al. The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: results from the World Mental Health Survey Consortium. Psychol Med. 2016;46(2):327\u201343.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"205_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, vol. 21. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.","edition":"5"},{"issue":"7","key":"205_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1080\/09658210802266446","volume":"16","author":"N Grey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grey N, Holmes EA. \u201cHotspots\u201d in trauma memories in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a replication. Memory. 2008;16(7):788\u201396.","journal-title":"Memory"},{"issue":"7","key":"205_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11020219","volume":"168","author":"DJ Kupfer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kupfer DJ, Regier DA. Neuroscience, clinical evidence, and the future of psychiatric classification in DSM-5. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168(7):672\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02578-0","volume":"13","author":"L Iyadurai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Iyadurai L, et al. Reducing intrusive memories after trauma via an imagery-competing task intervention in COVID-19 intensive care staff: a randomised controlled trial. Transl Psychiatry. 2023;13(1):290.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"205_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00141-4","volume":"42","author":"M Creamer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Creamer M, O\u2019Donnell ML, Pattison P. The relationship between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in severely injured trauma survivors. Behav Res Ther. 2004;42(3):315\u201328.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700614","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1700614","volume":"11","author":"MS Birkeland","year":"2020","unstructured":"Birkeland MS, Greene T, Spiller TR. The network approach to posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2020;11(1):1700614.","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"205_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.03.005","volume":"45","author":"E Birrer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Birrer E, Michael T, Munsch S. Intrusive images in PTSD and in traumatised and non-traumatised depressed patients: a cross-sectional clinical study. Behav Res Ther. 2007;45(9):2053\u201365.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"205_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1600","volume":"71","author":"RA Bryant","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bryant RA, et al. Treating prolonged grief disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiat. 2014;71(12):1332\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"205_CR12","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. 2018."},{"issue":"3","key":"205_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30513-8","volume":"5","author":"EA Holmes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Holmes EA, et al. The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on psychological treatments research in tomorrow\u2019s science. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2018;5(3):237\u201386.","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004153","volume":"4","author":"EA Holmes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Holmes EA, et al. Can playing the computer game \u201cTetris\u201d reduce the build-up of flashbacks for trauma? A proposal from cognitive science. PLoS ONE. 2009;4(1): e4153.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"205_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2020.1804845","volume":"25","author":"L Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh L, et al. Developing thinking around mental health science: the example of intrusive, emotional mental imagery after psychological trauma. Cogn Neuropsychiatry. 2020;25(5):348\u201363.","journal-title":"Cogn Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"205_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.08.005","volume":"69","author":"L Iyadurai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Iyadurai L, et al. Intrusive memories of trauma: A target for research bridging cognitive science and its clinical application. Clin Psychol Rev. 2019;69:67\u201382.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"7509","key":"205_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/511287a","volume":"511","author":"EA Holmes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Holmes EA, Craske MG, Graybiel AM. Psychological treatments: a call for mental-health science. Nature. 2014;511(7509):287\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"205_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02062-7","volume":"28","author":"V Ramineni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramineni V, et al. Treating intrusive memories after trauma in healthcare workers: a Bayesian adaptive randomised trial developing an imagery-competing task intervention. Mol Psychiatry. 2023;28(7):2985\u201394.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"205_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013706","volume":"5","author":"EA Holmes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Holmes EA, et al. Key steps in developing a cognitive vaccine against traumatic flashbacks: visuospatial tetris versus verbal pub Quiz. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(11): e13706.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"205_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797615583071","volume":"26","author":"EL James","year":"2015","unstructured":"James EL, et al. Computer game play reduces intrusive memories of experimental trauma via reconsolidation-update mechanisms. Psychol Sci. 2015;26(8):1201\u201315.","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2489","volume":"28","author":"M Kanstrup","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kanstrup M, et al. A single case series using visuospatial task interference to reduce the number of visual intrusive memories of trauma with refugees. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2021;28(1):109\u201323.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"issue":"12","key":"205_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000340","volume":"86","author":"H Kessler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kessler H, et al. Reducing intrusive memories of trauma using a visuospatial interference intervention with inpatients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Consult Clin Psychol. 2018;86(12):1076\u201390.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"205_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465820000296","volume":"48","author":"L Iyadurai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iyadurai L, et al. Targeting intrusive imagery using a competing task technique: a case study. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2020;48(6):739\u201344.","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Psychother"},{"issue":"11","key":"205_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/29873","volume":"5","author":"K Thorarinsdottir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thorarinsdottir K, et al. Reducing intrusive memories of childhood trauma using a visuospatial intervention: case study in Iceland. JMIR Form Res. 2021;5(11): e29873.","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"205_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/37382","volume":"6","author":"K Thorarinsdottir","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thorarinsdottir K, et al. Using a brief mental imagery competing task to reduce the number of intrusive memories: exploratory case series with trauma-exposed women. JMIR Form Res. 2022;6(7): e37382.","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32872\/cpe.11237","volume":"6","author":"JP Hardarson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hardarson JP, et al. Developing a brief cognitive task intervention to reduce long-standing intrusive memories of trauma: a feasibility study with remote delivery for women in Iceland. Clin Psychol Eur. 2024;6(1): e11237.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Eur"},{"issue":"5","key":"205_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/27473","volume":"5","author":"L Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh L, et al. Digitalizing a brief intervention to reduce intrusive memories of psychological trauma for health care staff working during COVID-19: exploratory pilot study with nurses. JMIR Form Res. 2021;5(5): e27473.","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"key":"205_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.03.018","volume":"94","author":"A Horsch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Horsch A, et al. Reducing intrusive traumatic memories after emergency caesarean section: a proof-of-principle randomized controlled study. Behav Res Ther. 2017;94:36\u201347.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"205_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3842","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02275-w","volume":"28","author":"C Deforges","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deforges C, et al. Single-session visuospatial task procedure to prevent childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a multicentre double-blind randomised controlled trial. Mol Psychiatry. 2023;28(9):3842\u201350.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"205_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.01.108","volume":"303","author":"C Deforges","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deforges C, et al. Reducing childbirth-related intrusive memories and PTSD symptoms via a single-session behavioural intervention including a visuospatial task: a proof-of-principle study. J Affect Disord. 2022;303:64\u201373.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"205_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-073874","volume":"13","author":"D Fort","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fort D, et al. Tackling childbirth-related intrusive memories with a single-session behavioural intervention involving a visuospatial task: protocol for a single-blind, waitlist-controlled randomised trial. BMJ Open. 2023;13(5): e073874.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01124-6","volume":"11","author":"M Kanstrup","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kanstrup M, et al. Reducing intrusive memories after trauma via a brief cognitive task intervention in the hospital emergency department: an exploratory pilot randomised controlled trial. Transl Psychiatry. 2021;11(1):30.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"205_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.23","volume":"23","author":"L Iyadurai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iyadurai L, et al. Preventing intrusive memories after trauma via a brief intervention involving Tetris computer game play in the emergency department: a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial. Mol Psychiatry. 2018;23(3):674\u201382.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331402","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2024.2331402","volume":"15","author":"A Kehyayan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kehyayan A, et al. The effect of a visuospatial interference intervention on posttraumatic intrusions: a cross-over randomized controlled trial. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2024;15(1):2331402.","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s44247-024-00086-9","volume":"2","author":"VEM Craig","year":"2024","unstructured":"Craig VEM, et al. Potential for use of tetris in the neonatal unit\u2014a scoping review. BMC Digital Health. 2024;2(1):34.","journal-title":"BMC Digital Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s44202-021-00011-5","volume":"1","author":"A Badawi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Badawi A, et al. Feasibility of an adjunctive cognitive task in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Discover Psychol. 2021;1(1):11.","journal-title":"Discover Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"205_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.325","volume":"5","author":"B Kleim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kleim B, et al. Frozen moments: flashback memories of critical incidents in emergency personnel. Brain and Behavior. 2015;5(7): e00325.","journal-title":"Brain and Behavior"},{"key":"205_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113312","volume":"292","author":"C Carmassi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carmassi C, et al. PTSD symptoms in healthcare workers facing the three coronavirus outbreaks: what can we expect after the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res. 2020;292: 113312.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"205_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqaa220","volume":"71","author":"N Greenberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Greenberg N, et al. Mental health of staff working in intensive care during Covid-19. Occup Med. 2021;71(2):62\u20137.","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P531","DOI":"10.1186\/cc14611","volume":"19","author":"G Colville","year":"2015","unstructured":"Colville G, Hammond J, Perkins-Porras L. Post-traumatic stress symptoms in intensive care staff working in adult and paediatric settings. Crit Care. 2015;19(1):P531.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"205_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.3.507","volume":"161","author":"ML O\u2019Donnell","year":"2004","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell ML, et al. Psychiatric morbidity following injury. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161(3):507\u201314.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e79","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000226","volume":"37","author":"A Giannoni-Pastor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Giannoni-Pastor A, et al. Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress symptomatology among burn survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Burn Care Res. 2016;37(1):e79\u201389.","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"205_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181bc0923","volume":"69","author":"ML O'Donnell","year":"2010","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell ML, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder after injury: Does admission to intensive care unit increase risk? J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2010;69(3):627\u201332.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"205_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.08.034","volume":"43","author":"FR Bashar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bashar FR, et al. Post-ICU psychological morbidity in very long ICU stay patients with ARDS and delirium. J Crit Care. 2018;43:88\u201394.","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"205_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12109","volume":"20","author":"DM Wade","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wade DM, et al. Intrusive memories of hallucinations and delusions in traumatized intensive care patients: an interview study. Br J Health Psychol. 2015;20(3):613\u201331.","journal-title":"Br J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"205_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.107.3.508","volume":"107","author":"A Ehlers","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ehlers A, Mayou RA, Bryant B. Psychological predictors of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents. J Abnorm Psychol. 1998;107(3):508\u201319.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3109\/01674820209093413","volume":"23","author":"J Soderquist","year":"2002","unstructured":"Soderquist J, Wijma K, Wijma B. Traumatic stress after childbirth: the role of obstetric variables. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol. 2002;23(1):31\u20139.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"205_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536x.2000.00104.x","volume":"27","author":"DK Creedy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Creedy DK, Shochet IM, Horsfall J. Childbirth and the development of acute trauma symptoms: incidence and contributing factors. Birth. 2000;27(2):104\u201311.","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"4","key":"205_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NNR.0000313494.87282.90","volume":"57","author":"CT Beck","year":"2008","unstructured":"Beck CT, Watson S. Impact of birth trauma on breast-feeding: a tale of two pathways. Nurs Res. 2008;57(4):228\u201336.","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"205_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2013.12.004","volume":"30","author":"G Fenech","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fenech G, Thomson G. Tormented by ghosts from their past\u2019: a meta-synthesis to explore the psychosocial implications of a traumatic birth on maternal well-being. Midwifery. 2014;30(2):185\u201393.","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"205_CR51","unstructured":"Bauer, A. Estimating the costs of perinatal mental health problems. In: CLS cohort studies research conference. 2015: London, UK"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2004.11.002","volume":"36","author":"EA Holmes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Holmes EA, Grey N, Young KAD. Intrusive images and \u201chotspots\u201d of trauma memories in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: an exploratory investigation of emotions and cognitive themes. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2005;36(1):3\u201317.","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"205_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(03)00033-3","volume":"23","author":"CR Brewin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brewin CR, Holmes EA. Psychological theories of posttraumatic stress disorder. Clin Psychol Rev. 2003;23(3):339\u201376.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"5451","key":"205_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5451.248","volume":"287","author":"JL McGaugh","year":"2000","unstructured":"McGaugh JL. Memory\u2014a century of consolidation. Science. 2000;287(5451):248\u201351.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3742","key":"205_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1126\/science.153.3742.1351","volume":"153","author":"JL McGaugh","year":"1966","unstructured":"McGaugh JL. Time-dependent processes in memory storage. Science. 1966;153(3742):1351\u20138.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"205_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2022.103286","volume":"99","author":"JM Hoppe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hoppe JM, et al. Hotspots in the immediate aftermath of trauma\u2014mental imagery of worst moments highlighting time, space and motion. Conscious Cogn. 2022;99: 103286.","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"key":"205_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.01.028","volume":"159","author":"J Asselbergs","year":"2023","unstructured":"Asselbergs J, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of cognitive interventions to prevent intrusive memories using the trauma film paradigm. J Psychiatr Res. 2023;159:116\u201329.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2010.09.004","volume":"42","author":"IM Engelhard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Engelhard IM, van den Hout MA, Smeets MAM. Taxing working memory reduces vividness and emotional intensity of images about the Queen\u2019s Day tragedy. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2011;42(1):32\u20137.","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"205_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1997.tb01408.x","volume":"36","author":"J Andrade","year":"1997","unstructured":"Andrade J, Kavanagh D, Baddeley A. Eye-movements and visual imagery: a working memory approach to the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Br J Clin Psychol. 1997;36(2):209\u201323.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.129.1.126","volume":"129","author":"AD Baddeley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Baddeley AD, Andrade J. Working memory and the vividness of imagery. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2000;129(1):126\u201345.","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"issue":"3","key":"205_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1348\/014466501163689","volume":"40","author":"DJ Kavanagh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kavanagh DJ, et al. Effects of visuospatial tasks on desensitization to emotive memories. Br J Clin Psychol. 2001;40(3):267\u201380.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"205_CR62","unstructured":"Richards, D., Lovell, K. Behavioural and cognitive behavioral interventions in the treatment of PTSD. In: Post-traumatic stress disorders: concepts and therapy. 1999. Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, p. 239\u201366"},{"issue":"4","key":"205_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00123-0","volume":"38","author":"A Ehlers","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ehlers A, Clark DM. A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(4):319\u201345.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465802001054","volume":"30","author":"N Grey","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grey N, Holmes E, Young K. Cognitive restructuring within reliving: a treatment for peritraumatic emotional \u201chotspots\u201d in posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2002;30(1):37\u201356.","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Psychother"},{"issue":"3","key":"205_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2271","volume":"12","author":"M Kindt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kindt M, Soeter M, Vervliet B. Beyond extinction: erasing human fear responses and preventing the return of fear. Nat Neurosci. 2009;12(3):256\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"205_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30270-0","volume":"5","author":"MH Monfils","year":"2018","unstructured":"Monfils MH, Holmes EA. Memory boundaries: opening a window inspired by reconsolidation to treat anxiety, trauma-related, and addiction disorders. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2018;5(12):1032\u201342.","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05443.x","volume":"1191","author":"K Nader","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nader K, Einarsson E\u00d6. Memory reconsolidation: an update. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1191(1):27\u201341.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1742","key":"205_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20170209","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2017.0209","volume":"373","author":"RM Visser","year":"2018","unstructured":"Visser RM, et al. Multiple memory systems, multiple time points: how science can inform treatment to control the expression of unwanted emotional memories. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci. 2018;373(1742):20170209.","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"205_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.01.006","volume":"67","author":"H Kessler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kessler H, et al. Visuospatial computer game play after memory reminder delivered three days after a traumatic film reduces the number of intrusive memories of the experimental trauma. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2020;67: 101454.","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.133.1.3","volume":"133","author":"EA Holmes","year":"2004","unstructured":"Holmes EA, Brewin CR, Hennessy RG. Trauma films, information processing, and intrusive memory development. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2004;133(1):3\u201322.","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"issue":"4","key":"205_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.04.004","volume":"44","author":"ADP Stuart","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stuart ADP, Holmes EA, Brewin CR. The influence of a visuospatial grounding task on intrusive images of a traumatic film. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44(4):611\u20139.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"205_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2011.10.008","volume":"43","author":"C Deeprose","year":"2012","unstructured":"Deeprose C, et al. Imagery in the aftermath of viewing a traumatic film: using cognitive tasks to modulate the development of involuntary memory. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2012;43(2):758\u201364.","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"205_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2010.03.001","volume":"41","author":"C Bourne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bourne C, et al. Is it mere distraction? Peri-traumatic verbal tasks can increase analogue flashbacks but reduce voluntary memory performance. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2010;41(3):316\u201324.","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033722","volume":"140","author":"CR Brewin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brewin CR. Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychol Bull. 2014;140(1):69\u201397.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"205_CR75","unstructured":"Tetris Zone, TETRIS. 2007, Blue Planet Software: Honolulu, HI, USA"},{"issue":"10","key":"205_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8156","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-02081-z","volume":"42","author":"T Agren","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agren T, et al. The neural basis of Tetris gameplay: implicating the role of visuospatial processing. Curr Psychol. 2023;42(10):8156\u201363.","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"205_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.3470","volume":"74","author":"RA Bryant","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bryant RA, et al. Acute and chronic posttraumatic stress symptoms in the emergence of posttraumatic stress disorder: a network analysis. JAMA Psychiat. 2017;74(2):135\u201342.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"205_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armour, C., et al., A network analysis of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and correlates in U.S. military veterans. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2017. 45: p. 49\u201359.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.11.008"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03569-8","volume":"22","author":"M Kanstrup","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kanstrup M, et al. A guided single session intervention to reduce intrusive memories of work-related trauma: a randomised controlled trial with healthcare workers in the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Med. 2024;22(1):403.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"205_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22421","volume":"32","author":"JI Bisson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bisson JI, et al. The international society for traumatic stress studies new guidelines for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: methodology and development process. J Trauma Stress. 2019;32(4):475\u201383.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"3","key":"205_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1037\/pst0000231","volume":"56","author":"JL Hamblen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hamblen JL, et al. A guide to guidelines for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in adults: an update. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2019;56(3):359\u201373.","journal-title":"Psychotherapy (Chic)"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824381","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1824381","volume":"12","author":"JI Bisson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bisson JI, Olff M. Prevention and treatment of PTSD: the current evidence base. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2021;12(1):1824381.","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"205_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(23)00181-5","volume":"10","author":"A Ehlers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ehlers A, et al. Therapist-assisted online psychological therapies differing in trauma focus for post-traumatic stress disorder (STOP-PTSD): a UK-based, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2023;10(8):608\u201322.","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"205_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.101981","volume":"85","author":"RA Bryant","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bryant RA. A critical review of mechanisms of adaptation to trauma: implications for early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder. Clin Psychol Rev. 2021;85: 101981.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"205_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/0840470416679413","volume":"30","author":"S Knaak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Knaak S, Mantler E, Szeto A. Mental illness-related stigma in healthcare: Barriers to access and care and evidence-based solutions. Healthc Manage Forum. 2017;30(2):111\u20136.","journal-title":"Healthc Manage Forum"},{"issue":"3","key":"205_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.04.004","volume":"45","author":"A Leer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leer A, Engelhard IM, van den Hout MA. How eye movements in EMDR work: changes in memory vividness and emotionality. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2014;45(3):396\u2013401.","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"205_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129912","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1129912","volume":"14","author":"D Farrell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Farrell D, et al. Group early intervention eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy as a video-conference psychotherapy with frontline\/emergency workers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and moral injury\u2014an RCT study. Front Psychol. 2023;14:1129912.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"205_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1891\/EMDR-D-20-00053","volume":"15","author":"PE Manfield","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manfield PE, et al. Flash technique in a scalable low-intensity group intervention for COVID-19-related stress in healthcare providers. J EMDR Pract Res. 2021;15(2):127\u201339.","journal-title":"J EMDR Pract Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"205_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2007.10.004","volume":"38","author":"EA Holmes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Holmes EA, et al. Imagery about suicide in depression\u2014\u201cFlash-forwards\u201d? J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2007;38(4):423\u201334.","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"205_CR90","unstructured":"van Bentum, J.S., et al., Reducing intrusive suicidal mental images in patients with depressive symptoms through a dual-task add-on module: results of a multicenter randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychology, 2024: p. No Pagination Specified-No Pagination Specified."},{"issue":"2","key":"205_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.5127\/jep.024211","volume":"3","author":"A Arntz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arntz A. Imagery rescripting as a therapeutic technique: review of clinical trials, basic studies, and research agenda. J Exp Psychopathol. 2012;3(2):189\u2013208.","journal-title":"J Exp Psychopathol"},{"key":"205_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2016.11.003","volume":"55","author":"N Morina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morina N, Lancee J, Arntz A. Imagery rescripting as a clinical intervention for aversive memories: a meta-analysis. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2017;55:6\u201315.","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"205_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2023.102772","volume":"99","author":"A Kip","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kip A, et al. Efficacy of imagery rescripting in treating mental disorders associated with aversive memories\u2014an updated meta-analysis. J Anxiety Disord. 2023;99: 102772.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"205_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0765-y","volume":"19","author":"W Waits","year":"2017","unstructured":"Waits W, Marumoto M, Weaver J. Accelerated resolution therapy (ART): a review and research to date. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017;19(3):18.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01570-w","volume":"11","author":"L Astill Wright","year":"2021","unstructured":"Astill Wright L, et al. Consolidation\/reconsolidation therapies for the prevention and treatment of PTSD and re-experiencing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Psychiatry. 2021;11(1):453.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"205_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1534765611431835","volume":"18","author":"RM Gray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gray RM, Liotta RF. PTSD: extinction, reconsolidation, and the visual-kinesthetic dissociation protocol. Traumatology. 2012;18(2):3\u201316.","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"key":"205_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rattel, J.A., et al. Hitting the rewind button: imagining analogue trauma memories in reverse reduces distressing intrusions. Cogn Ther Res 2024.","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/y9drb"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750170","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1750170","volume":"11","author":"SA Freedman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Freedman SA, Eitan R, Weiniger CF. Interrupting traumatic memories in the emergency department: a randomized controlled pilot study. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2020;11(1):1750170.","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"205_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varma, M.M., et al., A systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental methods for modulating intrusive memories following lab-analogue trauma exposure in non-clinical populations. Nature Human Behav 2024.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-024-01956-y"},{"key":"205_CR100","unstructured":"NHS Digital. Maternity Services Monthly Statistics, January 2022, experimental statistics. 2022 [cited 2023 September]. Available from: https:\/\/digital.nhs.uk\/data-and-information\/publications\/statistical\/maternity-services-monthly-statistics\/january-2022-experimental-statistics."},{"issue":"9","key":"205_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3281","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200009000-00027","volume":"28","author":"JE Fischer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fischer JE, et al. Experience and endocrine stress responses in neonatal and pediatric critical care nurses and physicians. Crit Care Med. 2000;28(9):3281\u20138.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"205_CR102","unstructured":"Patel, P., et al., The GAINS study: iterative qualitative analysis of barriers and facilitators to adoption by NHS staff working in intensive care units (ICU). JMIR Format Res (in press)"},{"issue":"1","key":"205_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2328956","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2024.2328956","volume":"15","author":"S Ahmed Pihlgren","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmed Pihlgren S, et al. Exploring healthcare workers\u2019 experiences of a simple intervention to reduce their intrusive memories of psychological trauma: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2024;15(1):2328956.","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"205_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e925","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(23)00152-8","volume":"5","author":"S Perret","year":"2023","unstructured":"Perret S, et al. Standardising the role of a digital navigator in behavioural health: a systematic review. Lancet Digit Health. 2023;5(12):e925\u201332.","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"205_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1017\/S135246581600062X","volume":"45","author":"EA Holmes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holmes EA, et al. \u2018I Can\u2019t Concentrate\u2019: a feasibility study with young refugees in sweden on developing science-driven interventions for intrusive memories related to trauma. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2017;45(2):97\u2013109.","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Psychother"}],"container-title":["Discover Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44192-025-00205-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44192-025-00205-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44192-025-00205-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T17:03:43Z","timestamp":1748365423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44192-025-00205-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44192-025-00205-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-4383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-4383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"LI was an employee of P1vital Products, which is the owner and manufacturer of i-Spero\u00ae. LI's\u00a0present address is Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK.\u00a0EAH salary was part funded by the Wellcome Trust (223016\/Z\/21\/Z) via consultancy to P1vital Products Ltd. EAH developed the imagery-competing task intervention for intrusive memories, and know-how and training in using it over the last 20 years (ANEMONE\u00ae). EAH receives book royalties from Guildford Press and Oxford University Press, receives occasional honoraria for conference keynotes and clinical workshops and is on the Board of Trustees of the MQ Foundation. EAH also receives funding from the Oak Foundation (OCAY-18-442), the Swedish Research Council (2020-00873) and Rann\u00eds the Icelandic Research Fund. JH declares no COI.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"78"}}