{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T21:19:16Z","timestamp":1761167956608,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82401812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82401812"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012542","name":"Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Support Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024NSFSC1572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024NSFSC1572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital","award":["2023BH28"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BH28"]}]},{"name":"Health Science Research Project of Sichuan Province","award":["ZH2024-203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZH2024-203"]}]},{"name":"Health Commission of Sichuan Province Medical Science and Technology Program","award":["24LCYJPT18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24LCYJPT18"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Ment Health"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s44192-025-00281-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T10:45:33Z","timestamp":1761043533000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and suicidal ideation among U.S. adults: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Juexi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peiqi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haixi","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"281_CR1","volume":"14","author":"WJ Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan WJ, Jiang CL, Su WJ. Life in the flame: inflammation sounds the alarm for suicide risk. Brain Behav Immun. 2021;14:100250.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"281_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.116","volume":"42","author":"L Brundin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brundin L, Bryleva EY, Thirtamara RK. Role of inflammation in suicide: from mechanisms to treatment. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017;42(1):271\u201383.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"281_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l94","volume":"364","author":"M Naghavi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Naghavi M. Global burden of disease self-harm collaborators, global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016: systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. BMJ. 2019;364:l94.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"281_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06010-9","volume":"24","author":"Y Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu Y, Su B, Zhao Y, Chen C, Zhong P, Zheng X. Epidemiological features of suicidal ideation among the elderly in China based meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2024;24(1):562.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"281_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796016001049","volume":"27","author":"A Hubers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hubers A, Moaddine S, Peersmann S, Stijnen T, van Duijn E, van der Mast RC, et al. Suicidal ideation and subsequent completed suicide in both psychiatric and non-psychiatric populations: a meta-analysis. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2018;27(2):186\u201398.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"281_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2021.50","volume":"219","author":"C Nuij","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nuij C, van Ballegooijen W, de Beurs D, et al. Safety planning-type interventions for suicide prevention: meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2021;219(2):419\u201326.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"281_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.049","volume":"249","author":"JK Ko","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ko JK, Han KM, Shin C, Lee SH, Han C, Kim YK, et al. Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with suicidal ideation and depression in adults: a nationally representative sample of the Korean population. J Affect Disord. 2019;249:319\u201326.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"281_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.676040","volume":"12","author":"S Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou S, Zhao K, Shi X, et al. Serum lipid levels and suicide attempts within 2 weeks in patients with major depressive disorder: is there a relationship. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:676040.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"281_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.08.008","volume":"152\u2013154","author":"JM Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim JM, Stewart R, Kang HJ, et al. Longitudinal associations between serum cholesterol levels and suicidal ideation in an older Korean population. J Affect Disord. 2014;152\u2013154:517\u201321.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"281_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.09.047","volume":"189","author":"HY Shin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shin HY, Kang G, Kang HJ, Kim SW, Shin IS, Yoon JS, et al. Associations between serum lipid levels and suicidal ideation among Korean older people. J Affect Disord. 2016;189:192\u20138.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"281_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2023.110900","volume":"129","author":"Z Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma Z, Zhou HX, Chen DC, Wang DM, Zhang XY. Association between suicidal behavior and impaired glucose metabolism in first-episode drug-na\u00efve patients with schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2024;129:110900.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"281_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.03.019","volume":"81","author":"M Bendix","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bendix M, Uvn\u00e4s-Moberg K, Petersson M, Kaldo V, \u00c5sberg M, Jokinen J. Insulin and glucagon in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in suicide attempters and healthy controls. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2017;81:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"281_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.12.052","volume":"146","author":"S Parkar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parkar S, Kate N, Rupani K, Malhotra G, Upadhye T, Asopa R. Suicidal behaviour: what\u2019s the brain up to. J Psychiatr Res. 2022;146:210\u20138.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"281_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02412-6","volume":"23","author":"V Gounden","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gounden V, Devaraj S, Jialal I. The role of the triglyceride-glucose index as a biomarker of cardio-metabolic syndromes. Lipids Health Dis. 2024;23(1):416.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"281_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02005-3","volume":"23","author":"AH Behnoush","year":"2024","unstructured":"Behnoush AH, Khalaji A, Ghondaghsaz E, Masrour M, Shokri Varniab Z, Khalaji S, et al. Triglyceride-glucose index and obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis. 2024;23(1):4.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"281_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14122-8","volume":"22","author":"LY Jian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jian LY, Guo SX, Ma RL, et al. Comparison of obesity-related indicators for identifying metabolic syndrome among normal-weight adults in rural Xinjiang, China. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):1730.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"281_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.082","volume":"344","author":"YJ Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee YJ, Lee S, Hwang IC, Ahn HY. Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and suicidal ideation: a nationwide cross-sectional survey. J Affect Disord. 2024;344:100\u20133.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"281_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02012-4","volume":"23","author":"G Qing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qing G, Deng W, Zhou Y, Zheng L, Wang Y, Wei B. The association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and suicidal ideation in adults: a population-based study in the United States. Lipids Health Dis. 2024;23(1):17.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"281_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03275-2","volume":"21","author":"YY Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi YY, Zheng R, Cai JJ, Qian SZ. The association between triglyceride glucose index and depression: data from NHANES 2005\u20132018. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21(1):267.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"281_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.01.003","volume":"98","author":"KM Han","year":"2018","unstructured":"Han KM, Ko YH, Shin C, et al. Tinnitus, depression, and suicidal ideation in adults: a nationally representative general population sample. J Psychiatr Res. 2018;98:124\u201332.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"281_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","volume":"16","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606\u201313.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"281_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.131","volume":"279","author":"L Costantini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Costantini L, Pasquarella C, Odone A, et al. Screening for depression in primary care with patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9): a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2021;279:473\u201383.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"281_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1476","volume":"365","author":"B Levis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Levis B, Benedetti A, Thombs BD. DEPRESsion screening data (DEPRESSD) collaboration, accuracy of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for screening to detect major depression: individual participant data meta-analysis. BMJ. 2019;365:l1476.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"281_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.11.038","volume":"136","author":"K Watson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Watson K, Nasca C, Aasly L, McEwen B, Rasgon N. Insulin resistance, an unmasked culprit in depressive disorders: promises for interventions. Neuropharmacology. 2018;136(Pt B):327\u201334.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"281_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105582","volume":"159","author":"AH Behnoush","year":"2024","unstructured":"Behnoush AH, Mousavi A, Ghondaghsaz E, Shojaei S, Cannavo A, Khalaji A. The importance of assessing the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) in patients with depression: a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2024;159:105582.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"281_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15630","volume":"26","author":"WY Khawagi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khawagi WY, Al-Kuraishy HM, Hussein NR, et al. Depression and type 2 diabetes: a causal relationship and mechanistic pathway. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024;26(8):3031\u201344.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"281_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.039","volume":"250","author":"SR Oliveira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oliveira SR, Kallaur AP, Lopes J, et al. Insulin resistance, atherogenicity, and iron metabolism in multiple sclerosis with and without depression: associations with inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and uric acid. Psychiatry Res. 2017;250:113\u201320.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"281_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-023-01584-z","volume":"274","author":"SP Bengoechea-Fortes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bengoechea-Fortes SP, Ram\u00edrez-Exp\u00f3sito MJ, Mart\u00ednez-Martos JM. Suicide, neuroinflammation and other physiological alterations. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2024;274(5):1037\u201349.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"281_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.01.031","volume":"208","author":"SA Wijtenburg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wijtenburg SA, Kapogiannis D, Korenic SA, et al. Brain insulin resistance and altered brain glucose are related to memory impairments in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2019;208:324\u201330.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"281_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0567-x","volume":"15","author":"H Koponen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koponen H, Kautiainen H, Lepp\u00e4nen E, M\u00e4ntyselk\u00e4 P, Vanhala M. Association between suicidal behaviour and impaired glucose metabolism in depressive disorders. BMC Psychiatry. 2015;15:163.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"281_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.12.020","volume":"93","author":"ZD Sen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sen ZD, Danyeli LV, Woelfer M, Lamers F, Wagner G, Sobanski T, et al. Linking atypical depression and insulin resistance-related disorders via low-grade chronic inflammation: integrating the phenotypic, molecular and neuroanatomical dimensions. Brain Behav Immun. 2021;93:335\u201352.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"281_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2019.17","volume":"32","author":"BE Leonard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leonard BE, Wegener G. Inflammation, insulin resistance and neuroprogression in depression. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2020;32(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"281_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3463","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1500877112","volume":"112","author":"A Kleinridders","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kleinridders A, Cai W, Cappellucci L, Ghazarian A, Collins WR, Vienberg SG, et al. Insulin resistance in brain alters dopamine turnover and causes behavioral disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(11):3463\u20138.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"281_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12928","volume":"33","author":"H Martin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martin H, Bullich S, Guiard BP, Fioramonti X. The impact of insulin on the serotonergic system and consequences on diabetes-associated mood disorders. J Neuroendocrinol. 2021;33(4):e12928.","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"281_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-019-0276-z","volume":"8","author":"A Kleinridders","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kleinridders A, Pothos EN. Impact of brain insulin signaling on dopamine function, food intake, reward, and emotional behavior. Curr Nutr Rep. 2019;8(2):83\u201391.","journal-title":"Curr Nutr Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"281_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2016.6248","volume":"27","author":"MM Husky","year":"2018","unstructured":"Husky MM, Mazure CM, Ruffault A, Flahault C, Kovess-Masfety V. Differential associations between excess body weight and psychiatric disorders in men and women. J Womens Health. 2018;27(2):183\u201390.","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"281_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.2337\/db21-0535","volume":"71","author":"Y Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin Y, Bai M, Wang S, Chen L, Li Z, Li C, et al. Lactate is a key mediator that links obesity to insulin resistance via modulating cytokine production from adipose tissue. Diabetes. 2022;71(4):637\u201352.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"281_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C375","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00379.2020","volume":"320","author":"T Kawai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kawai T, Autieri MV, Scalia R. Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2021;320(3):C375-375C391.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"281_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e516","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.516","volume":"5","author":"L Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao L, Hu H, Zhang L, et al. Inflammation in diabetes complications: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. MedComm. 2024;5(4):e516.","journal-title":"MedComm."},{"issue":"1","key":"281_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(23)00365-6","volume":"11","author":"E Blundell","year":"2024","unstructured":"Blundell E, De Stavola BL, Kellock MD, et al. Longitudinal pathways between childhood BMI, body dissatisfaction, and adolescent depression: an observational study using the UK millenium cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2024;11(1):47\u201355.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"281_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2013.00146","volume":"4","author":"TG Ara\u00fajo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo TG, Oliveira AG, Saad MJ. Insulin-resistance-associated compensatory mechanisms of pancreatic beta cells: a current opinion. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2013;4:146.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"5","key":"281_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.03.001","volume":"45","author":"W Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen W, Cai W, Hoover B, Kahn CR. Insulin action in the brain: cell types, circuits, and diseases. Trends Neurosci. 2022;45(5):384\u2013400.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"281_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01114-8","author":"M Peres-Frances","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peres-Frances M, Bru-Tari E, Cohrs C, et al. Regulated and adaptive in vivo insulin secretion from islets only containing \u03b2-cells. Nat Metab. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42255-024-01114-8.","journal-title":"Nat Metab"}],"container-title":["Discover Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44192-025-00281-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44192-025-00281-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44192-025-00281-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T23:05:32Z","timestamp":1761087932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44192-025-00281-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44192-025-00281-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-4383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2731-4383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was reviewed and approved by the NCHS Ethics Review Board (Continuation of Protocol #2011\u201317). All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation. Clinical trial number: not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants before their inclusion in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"No separate institutional review board approval was required, as the NHANES database is publicly accessible.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Institutional review board statement"}}],"article-number":"155"}}