{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T16:05:48Z","timestamp":1781625948755,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Ment Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Child Guidance Centers (CGCs) play a central role in child protection in Japan, yet evidence on abused children referred to psychiatric services remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed 84 children referred by CGCs (2019\u20132023) to a child and adolescent psychiatry department. Demographics, types of abuse, neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs), prior psychiatric care, hospitalization, and experiences of sexual violence by non-caregivers were extracted from medical records and CGC referral forms. Fisher\u2019s exact test, Pearson\u2019s chi-square test, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychological abuse was most prevalent (80%), followed by physical (70%), neglect (35%), and sexual abuse (33%). Girls had higher odds of sexual abuse (OR 6.16, 95% CI 1.32\u201328.8) and were more frequently hospitalized. Children with NDs were less likely to have sexual abuse recorded (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.10\u20130.83). Hospitalization was associated with experiencing a greater number of abuse types and with sexual abuse (OR 4.23, 95% CI 1.49\u201312.00), particularly when perpetrated by non-caregivers (OR 4.53, 95% CI 1.51\u201313.60).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among CGC-referred children receiving psychiatric care, notable patterns included gender differences in abuse profiles, a high cumulative burden of maltreatment, and a lower recorded prevalence of sexual abuse among those with NDs. These findings highlight the need for careful clinical assessment and coordinated, ND-sensitive approaches that reduce under-recognition. Although derived from a CGC-based referral system, the results may inform efforts to integrate child protection and child and adolescent mental health services internationally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44192-025-00360-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T20:33:19Z","timestamp":1766089999000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical profiles and hospitalization patterns among abused children referred by Child Guidance Centers in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2458-3501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichi","family":"Furuhashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"360_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). 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Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of NHO Higashiowari National Hospital (approval number R5-1; date of approval: June 2, 2023). Because this study was a retrospective analysis using anonymized data, the Institutional Review Board waived the requirement for informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"14"}}