{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T09:47:21Z","timestamp":1782380841173,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Ment Health"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s44192-026-00519-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T02:33:57Z","timestamp":1782354837000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gender-based violence perceptions and protection systems interactions among displaced communities in Burkina Faso"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Souleymane","family":"Bayoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Ngangue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"519_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14616-5","volume":"22","author":"KG Zinyemba","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zinyemba KG, Hlongwana K. Men\u2019s conceptualization of gender-based violence directed to women in Alexandra Township, Johannesburg, South Africa. BMC Public Health. 2022;22:2235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-14616-5.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"519_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-24645-5","volume":"25","author":"HG Woldearegay","year":"2025","unstructured":"Woldearegay HG, Gebretnsae H, Mackey A, Bigalky J, Petrucka P. Understanding nature, barriers, and facilitators in addressing sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in conflict zones of Africa: A scoping review. BMC Public Health. 2025;25:3583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-24645-5.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"519_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e017962","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-017962","volume":"10","author":"SA Woldie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Woldie SA, Walker G, Bergman S, Diemer K, Block K, Armstrong G, et al. The association between sexual violence and mental disorders among women victim-survivors in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health. 2025;10:e017962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-017962.","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"519_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Keen E, Pandea A-R, Grzemny D. Questions de genre: Manuel pour aborder la violence fond\u00e9e sur le genre affectant les jeunes. Conseil de l\u2019Europe; 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/coe.pande.2019.01.","DOI":"10.3917\/coe.pande.2019.01"},{"key":"519_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380221129303","volume":"24","author":"M Murphy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Murphy M, Ellsberg M, Balogun A, Garc\u00eda-Moreno C. Risk and Protective Factors for Violence Against Women and Girls Living in Conflict and Natural Disaster-Affected Settings: A Systematic Review. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2023;24:3328\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380221129303.","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"519_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764214550299","volume":"59","author":"DP Aldrich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aldrich DP, Meyer MA. Social Capital and Community Resilience. Am Behav Sci. 2015;59:254\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0002764214550299.","journal-title":"Am Behav Sci"},{"key":"519_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2907","DOI":"10.1007\/s12119-025-10399-0","volume":"29","author":"S Bayoulou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bayoulou S, Ngangue P, Kabor\u00e9 SS, Nteungue BAK, Pafadnam Y, Yopa DS, et al. Unseen Struggles: Barriers to Care for Gender-Based Violence Survivors in Forced Displacement in Kaya, Burkina Faso. Sex Cult. 2025;29:2907\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12119-025-10399-0.","journal-title":"Sex Cult"},{"key":"519_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-025-02590-4","volume":"24","author":"S Bayoulou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bayoulou S, Ngangue P, Toure I, Koubatou K, Kpenglam KA, Yopa S, et al. Unveiling the gendered dimensions of conflict-driven displacement: analyzing perceptions and attitudes toward gender-based violence among internally displaced persons in Burkina Faso. Int J Equity Health. 2025;24:346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12939-025-02590-4.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"519_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380241306016","volume":"27","author":"W Poland-McClain","year":"2026","unstructured":"Poland-McClain W, Rai A, Archdeacon N, Shallal G, Mulanovich GS, Tallman P. Scoping Review of Cultural Responsivity in Interventions to Prevent Gender-Based Violence in Latin America. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2026;27:140\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15248380241306016.","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"519_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-022-00471-z","volume":"16","author":"P Raftery","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raftery P, Howard N, Palmer J, Hossain M. Gender-based violence (GBV) coordination in humanitarian and public health emergencies: a scoping review. Confl Health. 2022;16:37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13031-022-00471-z.","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"key":"519_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02700-w","volume":"23","author":"R Anguzu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anguzu R, Cassidy LD, Nakimuli AO, Kansiime J, Babikako HM, Beyer KMM, et al. Healthcare provider experiences interacting with survivors of intimate partner violence: a qualitative study to inform survivor-centered approaches. BMC Womens Health. 2023;23:584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-023-02700-w.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"519_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.7202\/1029260ar","volume":"26","author":"C Flynn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Flynn C, Damant D, Bernard J. Analyser la violence structurelle faite aux femmes \u00e0 partir d\u2019une perspective f\u00e9ministe intersectionnelle. Nouv Prat Soc. 2015;26:28\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7202\/1029260ar.","journal-title":"Nouv Prat Soc"},{"key":"519_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1505-8-10","volume":"8","author":"AL Wirtz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wirtz AL, Pham K, Glass N, Loochkartt S, Kidane T, Cuspoca D, et al. Gender-based violence in conflict and displacement: qualitative findings from displaced women in Colombia. Confl Health. 2014;8:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1752-1505-8-10.","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"key":"519_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","volume":"19","author":"A Tong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care. 2007;19:349\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042.","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"key":"519_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.3917\/spub.215.0645","volume":"33","author":"S Batram-Zantvoort","year":"2022","unstructured":"Batram-Zantvoort S, Razum O, Miani C. Un regard th\u00e9orique sur l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 \u00e0 la naissance: m\u00e9dicalisation, th\u00e9ories du risque, embodiment et intersectionnalit\u00e9. Sant\u00e9 Publique. 2022;33:645\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/spub.215.0645.","journal-title":"Sant\u00e9 Publique"},{"key":"519_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3:77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa.","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"519_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160940691773384","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406917733847","volume":"16","author":"LS Nowell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nowell LS, Norris JM, White DE, Moules NJ. Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria. Int J Qual Methods. 2017;16:1609406917733847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1609406917733847.","journal-title":"Int J Qual Methods"},{"key":"519_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.01.002","volume":"66","author":"G Scambler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scambler G, Paoli F. Health work, female sex workers and HIV\/AIDS: Global and local dimensions of stigma and deviance as barriers to effective interventions. Soc Sci Med. 2008;66:1848\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.01.002.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"519_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243205278639","volume":"19","author":"RW Connell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Connell RW, Messerschmidt JW. Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept. Gend Soc. 2005;19:829\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0891243205278639.","journal-title":"Gend Soc"},{"key":"519_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2021.105780","volume":"153","author":"U Eseosa Ekhator-Mobayode","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eseosa Ekhator-Mobayode U, Hanmer LC, Rubiano-Matulevich E, Jimena Arango D. The effect of armed conflict on intimate partner violence: Evidence from the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria. World Dev. 2022;153:105780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.worlddev.2021.105780.","journal-title":"World Dev"},{"key":"519_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-015-0256-4","volume":"15","author":"SR Montesanti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Montesanti SR, Thurston WE. Mapping the role of structural and interpersonal violence in the lives of women: implications for public health interventions and policy. BMC Womens Health. 2015;15:100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-015-0256-4.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"519_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270816","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2017.1270816","volume":"10","author":"CH Logie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Logie CH, Daniel C, Ahmed U, Lash R. Life under the tent is not safe, especially for young women\u2019: understanding intersectional violence among internally displaced youth in Leogane, Haiti. Glob Health Action. 2017;10:1270816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16549716.2017.1270816.","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"key":"519_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-015-0647-0","volume":"18","author":"B Pfefferbaum","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pfefferbaum B, North CS. Child disaster mental health services: a review of the system of care, assessment approaches, and evidence base for intervention. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2016;18:5.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"519_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14488","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192114488","volume":"19","author":"MG Wessells","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wessells MG, Kostelny K. The Psychosocial Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence against Women in LMIC Contexts: Toward a Holistic Approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:14488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192114488.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"519_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2020-214086","volume":"75","author":"M Hossain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hossain M, Pearson RJ, McAlpine A, Bacchus LJ, Spangaro J, Muthuri S, et al. Gender-based violence and its association with mental health among Somali women in a Kenyan refugee camp: a latent class analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2021;75:327\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech-2020-214086.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"519_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/01973533.2012.746599","volume":"35","author":"NM Overstreet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Overstreet NM, Quinn DM. The Intimate Partner Violence Stigmatization Model and Barriers to Help Seeking. Basic Appl Soc Psychol. 2013;35:109\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01973533.2012.746599.","journal-title":"Basic Appl Soc Psychol"},{"key":"519_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.13037","volume":"31","author":"S Tarabih","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tarabih S, Arnault DS. Enabling factors that facilitate recovery among survivors of gender-based violence. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2024;31:836\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpm.13037.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"519_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganson B, Wennmann A. Business and conflict in fragile states: The case for pragmatic solutions. Routledge; 2018.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429031618"},{"key":"519_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-07929-0_9","volume-title":"Gend.-Based Violence Migr","author":"N Sahraoui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sahraoui N, Freedman J. Gender-Based Violence as a Continuum in the Lives of Women Seeking Asylum: From Resistance to Patriarchy to Patterns of Institutional Violence in France. In: Freedman J, Sahraoui N, Tastsoglou E, editors. Gend.-Based Violence Migr. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2022. pp. 211\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-07929-0_9."},{"key":"519_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-019-0189-x","volume":"13","author":"N Perrin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Perrin N, Marsh M, Clough A, Desgroppes A, Yope Phanuel C, Abdi A, et al. Social norms and beliefs about gender based violence scale: a measure for use with gender based violence prevention programs in low-resource and humanitarian settings. Confl Health. 2019;13:6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13031-019-0189-x.","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"key":"519_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001326","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2024-001326","volume":"2","author":"OO Ikuteyijo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ikuteyijo OO, Martin Hilber A, Fatusi AO, Akinyemi AI, Merten S. Stakeholders\u2019 engagement with law to address gender-based violence in Southwest Nigeria: a qualitative study using normalisation process theory to explore implementation challenges. BMJ Public Health. 2024;2:e001326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjph-2024-001326.","journal-title":"BMJ Public Health"},{"key":"519_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21919-w","volume":"25","author":"K Rudzinski","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rudzinski K, Hudspith LF, Guta A, Comber S, Dewar L, Leiper W, et al. Navigating fragmented services: a gender-based violence (GBV) critical feminist analysis of women\u2019s experiences engaging with health and social supports in three Canadian cities. BMC Public Health. 2025;25:1213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-21919-w.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"519_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1214","DOI":"10.1002\/cl2.1214","volume":"18","author":"E Lwamba","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lwamba E, Shisler S, Ridlehoover W, Kupfer M, Tshabalala N, Nduku P, et al. Strengthening women\u2019s empowerment and gender equality in fragile contexts towards peaceful and inclusive societies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Campbell Syst Rev. 2022;18:e1214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cl2.1214.","journal-title":"Campbell Syst Rev"},{"key":"519_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.2002.104.3.783","volume":"104","author":"L Abu-Lughod","year":"2002","unstructured":"Abu-Lughod L. Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others. Am Anthropol. 2002;104:783\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1525\/aa.2002.104.3.783.","journal-title":"Am Anthropol"},{"key":"519_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-023-00567-x","volume":"39","author":"RJ Voth Schrag","year":"2024","unstructured":"Voth Schrag RJ, Fantus S, Leat S, Childress S, Wood L. Experiencing Moral Distress Within the Intimate Partner Violence & Sexual Assault Workforce. J Fam Violence. 2024;39:899\u2013911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10896-023-00567-x.","journal-title":"J Fam Violence"},{"key":"519_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-025-00691-z","volume":"19","author":"E Lyles","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lyles E, Glass N, Sidabutar E, Roa EG, Hoyos C, Pacheco A, et al. Expanding the evidence on integration of cash assistance in gender-based violence case management in humanitarian settings: lessons learned from multi-country evaluations. Confl Health. 2025;19:55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13031-025-00691-z.","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"key":"519_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-025-00712-x","volume":"19","author":"IC Agu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Agu IC, Das M, King R, Agwu P, Mbachu CO. A scoping review of interventions addressing gender-based violence in West Africa: examining typologies, delivery mechanisms, outcomes, and stakeholder involvement. Confl Health. 2025;19:70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13031-025-00712-x.","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"key":"519_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24741","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v7.24741","volume":"7","author":"A Gevers","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gevers A, Dartnall E. The role of mental health in primary prevention of sexual and gender-based violence. Glob Health Action. 2014;7:24741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/gha.v7.24741.","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"}],"container-title":["Discover Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44192-026-00519-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44192-026-00519-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44192-026-00519-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T09:07:22Z","timestamp":1782378442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44192-026-00519-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44192-026-00519-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-4383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-4383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with all relevant institutional guidelines and regulations, as well as the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was reviewed and approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee (Protocol No. 2022-01-012, dated January 17, 2022).Before participation, the study objectives were explained to all participants, and informed consent was obtained, including consent to audio recordings. The consent process was conducted in Mor\u00e9 to ensure the participants' complete understanding. Confidentiality and voluntary participation were emphasized throughout the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"122"}}