{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T21:49:58Z","timestamp":1793137798800,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Glob Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To analyze the characteristics of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic> cases, and to describe the interventions applied for improving the diagnosis and controlling the transmission.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Medical records of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic> cases reported between January 2021 until June 2022 at King Saud Medical City (KSMC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia\u00a0have been reviewed. We analyzed the demographic and clinical characteristics of the cases to illustrate the possible contributing factors with <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic> infection. A multidisciplinary committee has been formulated to investigate the potential source of the outbreak among clusters of cases in the intensive care units (ICU). A bundle of mitigation measures has been applied\u00a0which was successful to contain the outbreak.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>During the study period, a total of 129 cases of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic> were identified, their mean age is 47\u2009\u00b1\u200922.3 SD, and 72.1% are males. 57% of cases were colonized, all of them were identified through active screening. A number of comorbidities were present including 27.9% were having hypertension, 27.1% with diabetes, 22.5% with COVID-19 and 20.2% with respiratory diseases. The average length of stay before reported positive was 36.23\u00a0days. 78.3% of those patients were in the critical care unit, 73.6% with vascular catheter, 88% with urinary catheters and 66.7% with mechanical ventilation. The vast majority of patients were using multiple antibiotics (86%). As per the univariate logistic model, risk factors significantly associated with mortality were (Age, Trauma RTA, ICU, Vascular Access, Foley Catheters, Mechanical Ventilation, Tracheostomy and Endotracheal Tubes) with <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> values (0.0038, 0.0159, 0.0108, 0.0122, 0.0071, &amp;lt;.0001, 0.0148 and 0.0107), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that having a Foley Catheter was the only statistically significant factor associated with mortality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This retrospective analysis \u00a0highlights the main characteristics associated with <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic>-infected patients. In addition, it highlights the effectiveness of the bundle of mitigation strategies applied to limit the spread of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>auris<\/jats:italic> in healthcare facilities.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-023-00154-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T12:01:46Z","timestamp":1698062506000},"page":"825-830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Characteristics and Mitigation Measures of Candida auris Infection: Descriptive Analysis from a Quaternary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia, 2021\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2032-0346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hala A.","family":"Amer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"AlFaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kholoud","family":"Alboqami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faleh","family":"Alshakarh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Alsalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deva","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhaina","family":"Altayieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antisar","family":"Alsunid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazia","family":"Khanum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadeem Gul","family":"Dar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Badawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziad A.","family":"Memish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"154_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO fungal priority pathogens list to guide research, development and public health action. WHO https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240060241 (2022)"},{"key":"154_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2019. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. (2019) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15620\/cdc:82532.","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:82532"},{"key":"154_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-421.2008.00083.x","volume":"53","author":"K Satoh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Satoh K, Makimura K, Hasumi Y, Nishiyama Y, Uchida K, Yamaguchi H. Candida auris sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast isolated from the external ear canal of an inpatient in a Japanese hospital. Microbiol Immunol. 2009;53:41\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1348-421.2008.00083.x.","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"154_CR4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) Candida auris. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/fungal\/candida-auris\/index.html (Accessed January 16, 2021)"},{"key":"154_CR5","unstructured":"Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) Outbreak Management Manual, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia. Version 5. Accessed  Jan 2023."},{"key":"154_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00020","volume":"9","author":"M Vatanshenassan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vatanshenassan M, Boekhout T, Meis JF, Berman J, Chowdhary A, Ben- Ami R, et al. Candida auris identification and rapid antifungal susceptibility testing against echinocandins by MALDI-TOF MS. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019;9:20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00020.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"154_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5346","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07779-6","volume":"9","author":"JF Munoz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Munoz JF, Gade L, Chow NA, Loparev VN, Juieng P, Berkow EL, et al. Genomic insights into multidrug-resistance, mating and virulence in Candida auris and related emerging species. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):5346.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"154_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00029","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00029-17","volume":"31","author":"A Jeffery-Smith","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jeffery-Smith A, Taori SK, Schelenz S, Jeffery K, Johnson EM, Borman A, et al. Candida auris: a review of the literature. 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Multidrug-resistant Candida auris infections in critically ill coronavirus disease patients, India, April\u2013July 2020. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26:2694\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2611.203504.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"154_CR14","unstructured":"Health advisory: resurgence of Candida auris in healthcare facilities in the setting of COVID-19. 2020. State of California\u2014Health and Human Services Agency, California Department of Public Health. http:\/\/www.cdph.ca.gov\/."},{"key":"154_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.10.26.20214908","author":"TK Price","year":"2020","unstructured":"Price TK, Mirasol R, Ward KW, et al. 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Adherence to the manuscript authorship guidelines has been followed and the manuscript cleared for publication by the research affairs office at the study institution (KSMC).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at King Saud.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Institutional Review Board"}}]}}