{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:42:21Z","timestamp":1791618141593,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Glob Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cholera continues to severely threaten public health, particularly in regions with inadequate access to clean water and sanitation. Zimbabwe, a southern African nation, has witnessed recurrent cholera outbreaks, highlighting the enduring vulnerabilities faced by communities grappling with these underlying challenges. The 2023 cholera outbreak in Chegutu resulted in a devastating impact, with approximately 100 reported deaths and nearly 5000 confirmed and suspected cases. Beyond its immediate health consequences, the outbreak has strained the already fragile healthcare system, exacerbated issues of malnutrition, and disrupted education, particularly affecting vulnerable populations. The Zimbabwean government, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and international agencies have initiated comprehensive efforts to combat the outbreak, encompassing medical treatment, surveillance, public health measures, infrastructure improvement, and community empowerment. Policy recommendations and future directions are discussed, emphasising risk communication, stakeholder engagement, standardisation, evaluation, resource allocation, and capacity-building to bolster prevention and control measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-023-00165-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T13:02:42Z","timestamp":1701090162000},"page":"243-248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Perspective on the 2023 Cholera Outbreaks in Zimbabwe: Implications, Response Strategies, and Policy Recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Gbolahan","family":"Olatunji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Kokori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahmon","family":"Moradeyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doyin","family":"Olatunji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Folake","family":"Ajibola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwaseun","family":"Otolorin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Aderinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"165_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Cholera. [Internet]. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/cholera."},{"key":"165_CR2","unstructured":"Chingono N. Zimbabwe bans large gatherings as threat of cholera outbreak grows. The Guardian [Internet]. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2023\/oct\/12\/zimbabwe-bans-large-gatherings-as-threat-of-cholera-outbreak-grows."},{"key":"165_CR3","unstructured":"Allocation summary | CERF [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/cerf.un.org\/what-we-do\/allocation\/2023\/summary\/23-RR-ZWE-59553."},{"key":"165_CR4","unstructured":"Zimbabwe: Cholera Outbreak - Feb 2023 [Internet]. ReliefWeb. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/disaster\/ep-2023-000105-zwe."},{"key":"165_CR5","unstructured":"Mutsaka F. Zimbabwe announces 100 suspected cholera deaths and imposes restrictions on gatherings. AP News [Internet]. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/cholera-deaths-zimbabwe-restrictions-d098701d5610d4244e66c5eb69b6e61f."},{"issue":"1","key":"165_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e059134","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-059134","volume":"13","author":"T Mashe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mashe T, Chaibva BV, Nair P, Sani KA, Jallow M, Tarupiwa A, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of the cholera outbreak in Zimbabwe 2018\u20132019: role of multi-sectoral approach in cholera epidemic control. BMJ Open. 2023;13(1):e059134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-059134.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"165_CR7","unstructured":"UNICEF Humanitarian situation report Zimbabwe. July 1-August 31, 2023. relief.web.int[Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/zimbabwe\/unicef-zimbabwe-humanitarian-situation-report-no-4-31-august-2023."},{"key":"165_CR8","unstructured":"Eric S. 2023 Health Budget Insufficient. Community working group on health [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cwgh.co.zw\/2023-health-budget-insufficient\/."},{"key":"165_CR9","unstructured":"UNICEF- Cholera outbreaks in East and Southern Africa. March 2023. https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/esa\/reports\/cholera-outbreak-eastern-and-southern-africa#download."},{"key":"165_CR10","unstructured":"IFRC. Zimbabwe cholera outbreak response [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/adore.ifrc.org\/Download.aspx?FileId=692536."},{"key":"165_CR11","unstructured":"OCHA Service, ReliefWeb, World Health Organization. Zimbabwe multi-sectorial cholera elimination plan (2018\u20132028) [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/zimbabwe\/zimbabwe-multi-sectoral-cholera-elimination-plan-2018-2028."},{"key":"165_CR12","unstructured":"WHO. The World Health Organization representative's groundbreaking visit to cholera-affected provinces in Zimbabwe [Internet]. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/countries\/zimbabwe\/news\/world-health-organization-representatives-groundbreaking-visit-cholera-affected-provinces-zimbabwe."},{"key":"165_CR13","unstructured":"Mugarisi V. Zimbabwe conducts a cholera simulation exercise to improve readiness and response [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/zimbabwe\/zimbabwe-conducts-cholera-simulation-exercise."},{"key":"165_CR14","unstructured":"Musa B. Zimbabwe sets aside 24 dollars to combat cholera [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/21stcenturychronicle.com\/zimbabwe-sets-aside-24m-to-combat-cholera\/."},{"key":"165_CR15","unstructured":"UNICEF. Zimbabwe humanitarian situation report. UNICEF [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/media\/138106\/file\/Zimbabwe-Humanitarian-SitRep-Jan-Feb-2023.pdf."},{"key":"165_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sikder M, Altare C, Doocy S, Trowbridge D, Kaur G, Kaushal N, et al. Case-area targeted preventive interventions to interrupt cholera transmission: Current implementation practices and lessons learned. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010042.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010042"},{"key":"165_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chimusoro A, Maphosa S, Manangazira P, Phiri I, Nhende T, Danda S, et al. Responding to cholera outbreak in Zimbabwe: Building resilience over time. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010042.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010042"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44197-023-00165-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44197-023-00165-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44197-023-00165-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T08:02:18Z","timestamp":1713945738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44197-023-00165-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44197-023-00165-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-6014"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-6014","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}]}}