{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T13:52:29Z","timestamp":1784641949684,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Glob Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Hospital-acquired resistant infections (HARI) are infections, which develop 48\u00a0h or more after admission to a healthcare facility. HARI pose a considerably acute challenge, due to limited treatment options. These infections are associated bacterial biofilms, which act as a physical barrier to diverse external stresses, such as desiccation, antimicrobials and biocides. We assessed the influence of multiple factors on biofilm production by HARI -associated bacteria.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Bacteria were isolated from samples of patients with respiratory HARI who were hospitalized during 2020\u20132022 in north Israel. Following antibiotic susceptibility testing by disc diffusion or broth microdilution, biofilm formation capacities of resistant bacteria (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiela pneumonia<\/jats:italic>, and multidrug-resistant <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>) was assessed using the crystalline violet staining method. Data regarding season, time to infection, bacterial species, patient age and gender, year, and medical department were collected from the patient medical records.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among the 226 study isolates, <jats:italic>K. pneumonia<\/jats:italic> was the most prevalent (35.4%) bacteria, followed by <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (23.5%), and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (21.7%). A significantly higher rate of HARI was documented in 2022 compared to 2020\u20132021. The majority of isolates (63.3%) were strong biofilm producers, with <jats:italic>K. pneumonia<\/jats:italic> (50.3%) being most dominant, followed by <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (29.4%). Biofilm production strength was significantly affected by seasonality and hospitalization length, with strong biofilm production in autumn and in cases where hospitalization length exceeded 30\u00a0days.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Biofilm production by HARI bacteria is influenced by bacterial species, season and hospitalization length.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-024-00215-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T12:02:00Z","timestamp":1712059320000},"page":"291-297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Biofilm Formation by Hospital-Acquired Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Respiratory Samples"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hila","family":"Ben-Amram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Azrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackie","family":"Cohen-Assodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adi","family":"Sharabi-Nov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimon","family":"Edelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keren","family":"Agay-Shay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avi","family":"Peretz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"215_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S177247","volume":"11","author":"M Haque","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haque M, Sartelli M, Mckimm J, Abu BM. 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