{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:10:31Z","timestamp":1791875431097,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Glob Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The 2023 Gaza conflict precipitated a collapse of essential health services, exposing the extreme fragility of chronic disease care in humanitarian crises. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for more than 70% of deaths in Palestine, yet the management of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and renal failure has been critically disrupted by the destruction of infrastructure, blockade of medical supplies, and mass displacement. This work synthesizes recent peer-reviewed literature, WHO and UN reports, and field assessments from 2023 to 2025 examining the continuity of NCD care in Gaza. Adherence to medical follow-up among NCD patients has declined from 96.7% before the war to 40.7% amid ongoing conflict, while more than 90% of primary healthcare facilities report shortages in insulin, antihypertensives, and dialysis supplies. Only 14 of 36 hospitals remain partially functional, leaving thousands without life-sustaining treatment. The findings reveal how conflict transforms chronic, manageable diseases into acute emergencies. Sustaining NCD care must therefore be recognized as a humanitarian and ethical imperative, requiring an immediate ceasefire and restoration of essential health system functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-025-00489-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T13:28:48Z","timestamp":1763731728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Continuity of Chronic Disease Care in Gaza: a Commentary on Health System Collapse and Humanitarian Imperatives"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mohd Sharique","family":"Katchhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long Chiau","family":"Ming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"489_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2023.44.1.20240012","volume":"45","author":"F Alokaily","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alokaily F. War and health crisis in Gaza. Saudi Med J. 2024;45(1):9.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"489_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-024-00613-5","volume":"18","author":"F Mohammed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohammed F, Elgailani USA, Ibrahim Ali SY, Mohamed RFA, Su Yin ET, Bravo-Vasquez ML. Defending the right to health in Gaza: a call to action by health workers. Confl Health. 2024;18(1):57.","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"489_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-23880-0","volume":"25","author":"S Massad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Massad S, Isbeih M, Owess M, Fouad H, Saman KA, Issawi S, et al. Noncommunicable diseases: a silent epidemic in occupied Palestine: results from the World Health Organization STEPS survey 2022. BMC Public Health. 2025;25(1):2726.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"489_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003168","volume":"4","author":"S Basu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Basu S, Yudkin JS, Jawad M, Ghattas H, Hamad BA, Jamaluddine Z, et al. Reducing non-communicable diseases among Palestinian populations in Gaza: a participatory comparative and cost-effectiveness modeling assessment. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024;4(5):e0003168.","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"489_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-022-00783-w","volume":"37","author":"BA Abu Hamad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abu Hamad BA, Jamaluddine Z, Safadi G, Ragi M-E, Ahmad RES, Vamos EP, Basu S, Yudkin JS, Jawad M, Millett C, et al. The hypertension cascade of care in the midst of conflict: the case of the Gaza strip. 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Confl Health. 2025;19(1):36.","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"489_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0005073","volume":"5","author":"A Alshawwaf","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alshawwaf A, AlNajjar O, Sultan I, Qunaibi E. Resilience amid chaos: the role of Gaza medical points. PLoS Glob Public Health. 2025;5(9):e0005073.","journal-title":"PLoS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"489_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2025.105438","volume":"161","author":"H El Hafa","year":"2025","unstructured":"El Hafa H. Urgent action needed to address the epidemiological threat of prolonged war in Gaza. Health Policy. 2025;161:105438.","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"issue":"10511","key":"489_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01819-7","volume":"406","author":"S Aljadeeah","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aljadeeah S, Satheesh G, Hafez S, Naguib M, Neilson A, Alaloul A, et al. Availability of essential medicines in 14 remaining health facilities in Gaza. Lancet. 2025;406(10511):1465\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"489_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-025-04322-w","volume":"26","author":"B Aldabbour","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aldabbour B, Elhissi AJH, Abuwarda M, Alsady M, Alghariz H, Abdalhadialmqadma M, et al. Quality of life and access to healthcare among hemodialysis patients during wartime: cross-sectional insights from Gaza. BMC Nephrol. 2025;26(1):367.","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"489_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cozzolino M, Magagnoli L, Ciceri P. From physicochemical classification to multidimensional insights: a comprehensive review of uremic toxin research. 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This manuscript is based entirely on published literature, publicly available datasets, and official reports. No new data involving human participants were collected or analyzed.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any individual person\u2019s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"137"}}