{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T09:51:06Z","timestamp":1782899466701,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Glob Health"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-026-00572-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T13:23:10Z","timestamp":1778246590000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Place of Death for People with Life-Limiting Illnesses in Malaysia: Trends (2005\u20132019) and Projections to 2030"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wen Jun","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Lan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramani","family":"Subramaniam Kalianan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy Cy Oun","family":"Teoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen Yea","family":"Hwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"572_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1097\/00002820-200010000-00007","volume":"23","author":"ST Tang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tang ST. Meanings of dying at home for Chinese patients in Taiwan with terminal cancer: a literature review. Cancer Nurs. 2000;23(5):367\u201370.","journal-title":"Cancer Nurs"},{"issue":"10","key":"572_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216313487940","volume":"27","author":"IJ Higginson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Higginson IJ, Sarmento VP, Calanzani N, Benalia H, Gomes B. Dying at home\u2013is it better: a narrative appraisal of the state of the science. Palliat Med. 2013;27(10):918\u201324.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"572_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/09699260.2021.1961985","volume":"30","author":"R Yamout","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yamout R, Hanna J, El Asmar R, Beydoun H, Rahm M, Osman H. Preferred place of death for patients with terminal illness: A literature review. Prog Palliat Care. 2022;30(2):101\u201310.","journal-title":"Prog Palliat Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"572_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951517000876","volume":"16","author":"F Bannon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bannon F, Cairnduff V, Fitzpatrick D, Blaney J, Gomes B, Gavin A, et al. Insights into the factors associated with achieving the preference of home death in terminal cancer: A national population-based study. Palliat Support Care. 2018;16(6):749\u201355.","journal-title":"Palliat Support Care"},{"key":"572_CR5","volume-title":"Palliative Care Needs Assessment (Malaysia)","author":"WY Sekhar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sekhar WY, Connor S, McCarthy S, Hamzah E. Palliative care needs assessment (Malaysia). Kuala Lumpur: Hospis Malaysia; 2016."},{"issue":"7","key":"572_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1177\/10499091211048767","volume":"39","author":"JFV Ho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ho JFV, Marzuki NS, Meseng NSM, Kaneisan V, Lum YK, Pui EWW, et al. Symptom prevalence and place of death preference in advanced cancer patients: Factors associated with the achievement of home death. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2022;39(7):762\u201371.","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"issue":"29","key":"572_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4457","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.3863","volume":"28","author":"AA Wright","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wright AA, Keating NL, Balboni TA, Matulonis UA, Block SD, Prigerson HG. Place of death: Correlations with quality of life of patients with cancer and predictors of bereaved caregivers\u2019 mental health. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(29):4457\u201364.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"572_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0466-5","volume":"13","author":"B Gomes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gomes B, Calanzani N, Koffman J, Higginson IJ. Is dying in hospital better than home in incurable cancer and what factors influence this? A population-based study. BMC Med. 2015;13(1):1\u201314.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"572_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.312","volume":"113","author":"J Cohen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cohen J, Pivodic L, Miccinesi G, Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD, Naylor WA, Wilson DM, et al. International study of the place of death of people with cancer: a population-level comparison of 14 countries across 4 continents using death certificate data. Br J Cancer. 2015;113(9):1397\u2013404.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"572_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001410","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001410","volume":"10","author":"W Gao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gao W, Ho YK, Verne J, Glickman M, Higginson IJ. GUIDE_Care project. Changing patterns in place of cancer death in England: A population-based study. PLOS Med. 2013;10(3):e1001410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001410.","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"572_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1191\/026921698672530176","volume":"12","author":"IJ Higginson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Higginson IJ, Astin P, Dolan S. Where do cancer patients die? Ten-year trends in the place of death of cancer patients in England. Palliat Med. 1998;12(5):353\u201363.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"572_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-283","volume":"7","author":"J Cohen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cohen J, Bilsen J, Miccinesi G, L\u00f6fmark R, Addington-Hall J, Kaasa S, et al. Using death certificate data to study place of death in 9 European countries: opportunities and weaknesses. BMC Public Health. 2007;7:283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-7-283.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"572_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216317691259","volume":"31","author":"J Kalseth","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kalseth J, Theisen OM. Trends in place of death: The role of demographic and epidemiological shifts in end-of-life care policy. Palliat Med. 2017;31(10):964\u201374.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"572_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2019-213285","volume":"74","author":"N Jennings","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jennings N, Chambaere K, Deliens L, Cohen J. Trends in place of death in a small developing country: a population-level study using death certificate data. J Epidemiol Community Heal. 2020;74(7):580\u20135.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Heal"},{"issue":"7","key":"572_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2019.0445","volume":"23","author":"T Koyama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koyama T, Hagiya H, Funahashi T, Zamami Y, Yamagishi M, Onoue H, et al. Trends in place of death in a super-aged society: A population-based study, 1998\u20132017. J Palliat Med. 2020;23(7):950\u20136.","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"572_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.23.3.194","volume":"23","author":"J Flory","year":"2017","unstructured":"Flory J, Young-Xu Y, Gurol I, Levinsky N, Ash A, Emanuel E. Place of death: U.S. Trends since 1980. Health Aff (Millwood). 2017;23(3):194\u2013200.","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"2","key":"572_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216311432329","volume":"26","author":"B Gomes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gomes B, Calanzani N, Higginson IJ. Reversal of the British trends in place of death: Time series analysis 2004\u20132010. Palliat Med. 2012;26(2):102\u20137.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"572_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-228","volume":"11","author":"D Houttekier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Houttekier D, Cohen J, Surkyn J, Deliens L. Study of recent and future trends in place of death in Belgium using death certificate data: A shift from hospitals to care homes. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"572_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1177\/10499091251336239","volume":"43","author":"S Ginggeaw","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ginggeaw S, LeBlanc R, Prasertsri N. Factors determining home death among older adults in Thailand. Am J Hospice Palliat Med. 2026;43(5):527\u201337.","journal-title":"Am J Hospice Palliat Med"},{"issue":"7540","key":"572_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38740.614954.55","volume":"332","author":"B Gomes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gomes B, Higginson IJ. Factors influencing death at home in terminally ill patients with cancer: systematic review. BMJ. 2006;332(7540):515\u201321.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"572_CR21","unstructured":"Safurah J, Kamaliah MN, Khairiyah AM, Nour Hanah O, Healy J. Malaysia health system review. Health systems in transition. Vol.3. Manila: Asia pacific observatory on health systems and policies. Manila: WHO regional office for the Western Pacific; 2013. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/206911 Accessed 30 Aug 2024."},{"key":"572_CR22","volume-title":"National Palliative Care Policy and Strategic Plan 2019\u20132030","author":"Ministry of Health Malaysia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ministry of health Malaysia. National palliative care policy and strategic plan 2019\u20132030. 1st ed. Putrajaya: Medical service unit, Medical development division; 2019.","edition":"1"},{"issue":"4","key":"572_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1177\/08258597231214485","volume":"39","author":"MV Segarmurthy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Segarmurthy MV, Lim RBL, Yeat CL, Ong YX, Othman S, Taher SW, et al. Mapping palliative care availability and accessibility: A first step to eradicating access deserts in the low- and middle-income settings. J Palliat Care. 2024;39(4):255\u201326320.","journal-title":"J Palliat Care"},{"key":"572_CR24","unstructured":"Life expectancy in Malaysia. rises by 12 years, ageing population by 2030. https:\/\/www.nst.com.my\/news\/nation\/2022\/07\/812583\/life-expectancy-malaysia-rises-12-years-ageing-population-2030 Accessed 29 Dec 2023."},{"key":"572_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e129","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2020-002283","volume":"12","author":"SL Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang SL, Woon YL, Teoh CCO, Leong CT, Lim RBL. Adult palliative care 2004\u20132030 population study: estimates and projections in Malaysia. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2022;12:e129\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjspcare-2020-002283.","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"572_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216313489367","volume":"28","author":"FEM Murtagh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murtagh FEM, Bausewein C, Verne J, Iris Groeneveld E, Kaloki YE, Higginson IJ. How many people need palliative care? A study developing and comparing methods for population-based estimates. Palliat Med. 2014;28(1):49\u201358.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"572_CR27","first-page":"73","volume":"78","author":"WJ Wong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wong WJ, Yang SL, Subramaniam KR, Ganapathy SS, Teoh CCO, Hwong WY. Place of death for people with life-limiting illnesses (2005\u20132030): past trends and projections in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia. 2023;78(Suppl 3):73.","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"572_CR28","unstructured":"National population and family development board. Malaysia country report 2018. https:\/\/mprh.lppkn.gov.my\/books\/malaysia-country-report-2018\/ Accessed 30 Aug 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"572_CR29","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"SS Ganapathy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ganapathy SS, Yi Yi K, Omar MA, Anuar MFM, Jeevananthan C, Rao C. Validation of verbal autopsy: Determination of cause of deaths in Malaysia 2013. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"572_CR30","unstructured":"Department of statistics Malaysia. Statistics on cause of death, Malaysia, 2020."},{"issue":"2","key":"572_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216317734435","volume":"32","author":"AE Bone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bone AE, Gomes B, Etkind SN, Verne J, Murtagh FEM, Evans CJ, et al. What is the impact of population ageing on the future provision of end-of-life care? Population-based projections of place of death. Palliat Med. 2018;32(2):329\u201336.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"572_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.03.006","volume":"68","author":"DM Wilson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wilson DM, Truman CD, Thomas R, Fainsinger R, Kovacs-Burns K, Froggatt K, et al. The rapidly changing location of death in Canada, 1994\u20132004. Soc Sci Med. 2009;68(10):1752\u20138.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"572_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1097\/NJH.0b013e3182331160","volume":"13","author":"J Buck","year":"2011","unstructured":"Buck J. Policy and the Re-formation of hospice: Lessons from the past for the future of palliative care. J Hosp Palliat Nurs. 2011;13(6):S35\u201343.","journal-title":"J Hosp Palliat Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"572_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2190\/OM.56.1.h","volume":"56","author":"SR Connor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Connor SR. Development of hospice and palliative care in the United States. Omega - J Death Dying. 2008;56(1):89\u201399.","journal-title":"Omega - J Death Dying"},{"issue":"1","key":"572_CR35","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"LFJ Van Der Velden","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van Der Velden LFJ, Francke AL, Hingstman L, Willems DL. Dying from cancer or other chronic diseases in the Netherlands: Ten-year trends derived from death certificate data. BMC Palliat Care. 2009;8(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"BMC Palliat Care"},{"issue":"29\u201330","key":"572_CR36","first-page":"496","volume":"112","author":"B Dasch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dasch B, Blum K, Gude P, Bausewein C. Place of death: Trends over the course of a decade: A population-based study of death certificates from the years 2001 and 2011. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015;112(29\u201330):496\u2013504.","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"572_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-019-0490-x","volume":"18","author":"AM Finucane","year":"2019","unstructured":"Finucane AM, Bone AE, Evans CJ, Gomes B, Meade R, Higginson IJ, et al. The impact of population ageing on end-of-life care in Scotland: Projections of place of death and recommendations for future service provision. BMC Palliat Care. 2019;18(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"BMC Palliat Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"572_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2019.11.009","volume":"59","author":"D Clark","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clark D, Baur N, Clelland D, Garralda E, L\u00f3pez-Fidalgo J, Connor S, et al. Mapping levels of palliative care development in 198 countries: The situation in 2017. J Pain symptom manage. 2020;59(4):794\u2013807.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"issue":"4","key":"572_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216315594974","volume":"30","author":"VP Sarmento","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sarmento VP, Higginson IJ, Ferreira PL, Gomes B. Past trends and projections of hospital deaths to inform the integration of palliative care in one of the most ageing countries in the world. Palliat Med. 2016;30(4):363\u201373.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"572_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2023.05.017","volume":"66","author":"RBL Lim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lim RBL, Yeat CL, Vighneshvaran R, Kasinathan N, Ahmad Subki SZ, Singh AHS, et al. Mapping levels of palliative care service development in Malaysian public hospitals using the WHO public health model of palliative care. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2023;66(3):221\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"issue":"1","key":"572_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-022-01101-4","volume":"21","author":"A Calsina-Berna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Calsina-Berna A, Ambl\u00e0s Novellas J, Gonz\u00e1lez-Barboteo J, Bard\u00e9s Robles I, Beas Alba E, Mart\u00ednez-Mu\u00f1oz M, et al. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with advanced chronic illness and palliative care needs, identified with the NECPAL CCOMS-ICO\u00a9 Tool at a Tertiary Care Hospital. BMC Palliat Care. 2022;21(1):210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12904-022-01101-4.","journal-title":"BMC Palliat Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"572_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e021147","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-021147","volume":"8","author":"H Seow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seow H, O\u2019Leary E, Perez R, Tanuseputro P. Access to palliative care by disease trajectory: a population-based cohort of Ontario decedents. BMJ Open. 2018;8(4):e021147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-021147.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"572_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2019003","DOI":"10.29392\/joghr.3.e2019003","volume":"3","author":"C Lau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lau C, Pickersgill M. Integrating, advocating and augmenting palliative care in Malaysia: a qualitative examination of the barriers faced and negotiated by Malaysian palliative care non-governmental organisations. J Glob Heal Rep. 2019;3:e2019003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29392\/joghr.3.e2019003.","journal-title":"J Glob Heal Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"572_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1177\/2374373518809004","volume":"7","author":"NX Jiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiao NX, Hussin NAM. End-of-life communication among Chinese elderly in a Malaysian nursing home. J Patient Exp. 2020;7(1):62\u201370.","journal-title":"J Patient Exp"},{"issue":"15","key":"572_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.5539\/ass.v11n15p49","volume":"11","author":"MA Kasmo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kasmo MA, Usman AH, Idris F, Basir A, Yunos N, Mat Yacob SNB et al. The Perception of the Muslims in Malaysia on the Belief of Afterlife. Asian Soc Sci. 2015;11(15):p49. https:\/\/ccsenet.org\/journal\/index.php\/ass\/article\/view\/42569 Accessed 1 Sep 2024.","journal-title":"Asian Soc Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"572_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/10499091241233599","volume":"42","author":"I Chung","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chung I, Khoo SY, Low LL. An insight into the experiences of Malaysian patients with advanced cancer and their preferences in end-of-life care: A qualitative study. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2025;42(1):5\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10499091241233599.","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"572_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1177\/104990910101800409","volume":"18","author":"N Sarhill","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sarhill N, LeGrand S, Islambouli R, Davis MP, Walsh D. The terminally ill Muslim: death and dying from the Muslim perspective. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2001;18(4):251\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"key":"572_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D.Bryant C, L.Peck D. Chinese death taboos. Encyclopedia of death and the human experience. 2009;191\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781412972031","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412972031"},{"issue":"8","key":"572_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdr602","volume":"23","author":"B Gomes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gomes B, Higginson IJ, Calanzani N, Cohen J, Deliens L, Daveson BA, et al. Preferences for place of death if faced with advanced cancer: a population survey in England, Flanders, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. Ann Oncol. 2012;23(8):2006\u201315.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"572_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.429","volume":"26","author":"B Gomes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gomes B, Sarmento VP, Ferreira PL, Higginson IJ. Epidemiological study of place of death in Portugal in 2010 and comparison with the preferences of the Portuguese population. Acta Med Port. 2013;26(4):327\u201334.","journal-title":"Acta Med Port"},{"issue":"6","key":"572_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2001.49154.x","volume":"49","author":"WT Gallo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gallo WT, Baker MJ, Bradley EH. Factors associated with home versus institutional death among cancer patients in connecticut. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49(6):771\u20137.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"572_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216312442973","volume":"27","author":"A Alonso-Babarro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alonso-Babarro A, Astray-Mochales J, Dom\u00ednguez-Berj\u00f3n F, G\u00e8nova-Maleras R, Bruera E, D\u00edaz-Mayordomo A, et al. The association between in-patient death, utilization of hospital resources and availability of palliative home care for cancer patients. Palliat Med. 2013;27(1):68\u201375.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"572_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2011-000116","volume":"2","author":"MA Neergaard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Neergaard MA, Jensen AB, Sokolowski I, Olesen F, Vedsted P. Socioeconomic position and place of death of cancer patients. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2012;2(2):133\u20139.","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"572_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1191\/0269216304pm889oa","volume":"18","author":"M Gott","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gott M, Seymour J, Bellamy G, Clark D, Ahmedzai S. Older people\u2019s views about home as a place of care at the end of life. Palliat Med. 2004;18(5):460\u20137.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"572_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.08.138","volume":"20","author":"E Bruera","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bruera E, Russell N, Sweeney C, Fisch M, Palmer JL. Place of death and its predictors for local patients registered at a comprehensive cancer center. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20(8):2127\u201333.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"572_CR56","unstructured":"Department of statistics Malaysia. Household income survey report, Malaysia, 2022."},{"issue":"5","key":"572_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17055","volume":"69","author":"L Lei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lei L, Gerlach LB, Powell VD, Maust DT. Caregiver support and place of death among older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021;69(5):1221\u201330.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"572_CR58","unstructured":"Illness Trajectories. Description and clinical use | Palliative care network of Wisconsin 2019. https:\/\/www.mypcnow.org\/fast-fact\/illness-trajectories-description-and-clinical-use\/. Accessed 10 May 2024."},{"key":"572_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872838","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.872838","volume":"10","author":"PY Lim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lim PY, Md Said S, Kadir Shahar H, Azman AZF, Mokhtar SA, Mahmud A. COVID-19 inpatient deaths and brought-in-dead cases in Malaysia. Front Public Health. 2022;10:872838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.872838.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"572_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216307077460","volume":"21","author":"KE Clemens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Clemens KE, Kumar S, Bruera E, Klaschik E, Jaspers B, De Lima L. Palliative care in developing countries: What are the important issues? Palliat Med. 2007;21(3):173\u20135.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"572_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-684X-12-7","volume":"12","author":"B Gomes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gomes B, Calanzani N, Gysels M, Hall S, Higginson IJ. Heterogeneity and changes in preferences for dying at home. BMC Palliat Care. 2013;12(1):7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-684X-12-7.","journal-title":"BMC Palliat Care"},{"key":"572_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-016-0111-x","volume":"15","author":"I Mart\u00edn-Lesende","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Lesende I, Recalde E, Viviane-Wunderling P, Pinar T, Borghesi F, Aguirre T, et al. Mortality in a cohort of complex patients with chronic illnesses and multimorbidity: A descriptive longitudinal study. BMC Palliat Care. 2016;15:42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12904-016-0111-x.","journal-title":"BMC Palliat Care"},{"key":"572_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106518","volume":"186","author":"A Lindberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lindberg A, Lindberg L, Sawalha S, Nilsson U, Stridsman C, Lundb\u00e4ck B, Backman H. Large underreporting of COPD as cause of death-results from a population-based cohort study. Respir Med. 2021;186:106518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106518.","journal-title":"Respir Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44197-026-00572-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44197-026-00572-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44197-026-00572-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T09:33:30Z","timestamp":1782898410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44197-026-00572-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44197-026-00572-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-6014"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-6014","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the Malaysian Good Clinical Practice Guideline. The study was registered under the National Medical Research Register (NMRR ID-22-00809-ODI) and approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health Malaysia. A waiver of consent was granted by the Medical Research Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health Malaysia because obtaining informed consent was not possible; the study involved deceased patients and we studied anonymised death certificate data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"78"}}