{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T23:16:49Z","timestamp":1783639009624,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":58,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Glob Health"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-026-00576-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T21:33:26Z","timestamp":1778708006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiological Determinants and Health-Related Predictors of Self-Perceived Health among Community-Dwelling Older Adults Aged 65 Years and Over: Evidence from a Community-Based Study Involving 10,321 Participants"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0492-5129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Emin","family":"Arayici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8583-8982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Kose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7209-485X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatice","family":"Simsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"576_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.13192","volume":"24","author":"SU Uzun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Uzun SU, Ak\u0131n M. Beyond the stethoscope: ageism in white coats and resident physicians\u2019 preferences for elderly patient care. Psychogeriatr Off J Jpn Psychogeriatr Soc. 2024;24:1305\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyg.13192.","journal-title":"Psychogeriatr Off J Jpn Psychogeriatr Soc"},{"key":"576_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2853","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14082853","volume":"14","author":"ME Arayici","year":"2025","unstructured":"Arayici ME, Kose A, Dolu S, Gultekin Arayici S, Gedik G, Kilic BN, et al. Epidemiological Assessment of Depression, Activities of Daily Living and Associated Factors in Elderly Individuals Aged 65 Years and Older: Evidence from a Population-Based Study. J Clin Med. 2025;14:2853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14082853.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"576_CR3","unstructured":"T\u00dc\u0130K Kurumsal. https:\/\/data.tuik.gov.tr\/Bulten\/Index?p=Elderly-Statistics-2024-54079. Accessed 25 Mar 2025."},{"key":"576_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12298","volume":"15","author":"Y Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen Y, While AE, Hicks A. Self-rated health and associated factors among older people living alone in Shanghai. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2015;15:457\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ggi.12298.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"576_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.021","volume":"66","author":"D Blane","year":"2008","unstructured":"Blane D, Netuveli G, Montgomery SM. Quality of life, health and physiological status and change at older ages. Soc Sci Med 1982. 2008;66:1579\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.021.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med 1982"},{"key":"576_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-201","volume":"12","author":"CB Agborsangaya","year":"2012","unstructured":"Agborsangaya CB, Lau D, Lahtinen M, Cooke T, Johnson JA. Multimorbidity prevalence and patterns across socioeconomic determinants: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-12-201.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"576_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4718-5","volume":"17","author":"W Dong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dong W, Wan J, Xu Y, Chen C, Bai G, Fang L, et al. Determinants of self-rated health among shanghai elders: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2017;17:807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-017-4718-5.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"576_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03830-5","volume":"22","author":"Z Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Z, Chen L, Xiao J, Jiang F, Min W, Liu S, et al. Subjective health status: an easily available, independent, robust and significant predictive factor at the prometaphase of vaccination programs for the vaccination behavior of Chinese adults. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22:180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-022-03830-5.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"576_CR9","first-page":"i","volume":"58","author":"A de Bruin","year":"1996","unstructured":"de Bruin A, Picavet HS, Nossikov A. Health interview surveys. Towards international harmonization of methods and instruments. WHO Reg Publ Eur Ser. 1996;58:i\u2013xiii.","journal-title":"WHO Reg Publ Eur Ser"},{"key":"576_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3802","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073802","volume":"18","author":"E-J Lim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lim E-J, Hyun E-J. The Impacts of Pilates and Yoga on Health-Promoting Behaviors and Subjective Health Status. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:3802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18073802.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"576_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12111124","volume":"12","author":"H-C Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee H-C, Repkine A. Determinants of Health Status and Life Satisfaction among Older South Koreans. Healthc Basel Switz. 2024;12:1124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare12111124.","journal-title":"Healthc Basel Switz"},{"key":"576_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264312461151","volume":"24","author":"DJ French","year":"2012","unstructured":"French DJ, Sargent-Cox K, Luszcz MA. Correlates of subjective health across the aging lifespan: understanding self-rated health in the oldest old. J Aging Health. 2012;24:1449\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0898264312461151.","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"key":"576_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15548-4","volume":"23","author":"CA Martins","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martins CA, do Prado CB, Ferreira JRS, Zandonade E, de Paula Alves Bezerra OM, Salaroli LB. Self-rated health status and associated factors in rural workers. BMC Public Health. 2023;23:680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-15548-4.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"576_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14653","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94318-x","volume":"11","author":"H Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang H, Deng Q, Geng Q, Tang Y, Ma J, Ye W, et al. Association of self-rated health with chronic disease, mental health symptom and social relationship in older people. Sci Rep. 2021;11:14653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-94318-x.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"576_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-13-122","volume":"13","author":"SC Caetano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Caetano SC, Silva CMFP, Vettore MV. Gender differences in the association of perceived social support and social network with self-rated health status among older adults: a population-based study in Brazil. BMC Geriatr. 2013;13:122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2318-13-122.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"576_CR16","unstructured":"T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu (T\u00dc\u0130K). https:\/\/www.tuik.gov.tr\/Kurumsal\/Haber_Detay?id=11632. Accessed 11 Mar 2026."},{"key":"576_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-5-51","volume":"5","author":"K Ahmad","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ahmad K, Jafar TH, Chaturvedi N. Self-rated health in Pakistan: results of a national health survey. BMC Public Health. 2005;5:51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-5-51.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"576_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2005.00291.x","volume":"21","author":"KB DeSalvo","year":"2006","unstructured":"DeSalvo KB, Bloser N, Reynolds K, He J, Muntner P. Mortality Prediction with a Single General Self-Rated Health Question. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21:267\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2005.00291.x.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"576_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1177\/089826439901100405","volume":"11","author":"HB Bosworth","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bosworth HB, Siegler IC, Brummett BH, Barefoot JC, Williams RB, Vitaliano PP, et al. The relationship between self-rated health and health status among coronary artery patients. J Aging Health. 1999;11:565\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/089826439901100405.","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"key":"576_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(82)90033-4","volume":"17","author":"JA Yesavage","year":"1982","unstructured":"Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, Lum O, Huang V, Adey M, et al. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res. 1982;17:37\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3956(82)90033-4.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"576_CR21","first-page":"62","volume":"34","author":"T Ertan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ertan T, Eker E, \u015ear V. Geriatrik depresyon \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finin T\u00fcrk ya\u015fl\u0131 n\u00fcfusunda ge\u00e7erlilik ve g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi. N\u00f6ropsikiyatri Ar\u015f. 1997;34:62\u201371.","journal-title":"N\u00f6ropsikiyatri Ar\u015f"},{"key":"576_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.5336\/medsci.2008-8657","volume":"30","author":"V \u015eenol","year":"2010","unstructured":"\u015eenol V, \u00c7eti\u0307nkaya F, \u00dcnalan D, Balci E, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk A. Determinants of Self-Rated Health in General Population in Kayseri, Turkey. T\u00fcrkiye Klin T\u0131p Bilim Derg. 2010;30:88\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5336\/medsci.2008-8657.","journal-title":"T\u00fcrkiye Klin T\u0131p Bilim Derg"},{"key":"576_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-018-0960-2","volume":"27","author":"S Kumar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kumar S, Pradhan MR. Self-rated health status and its correlates among the elderly in India. J Public Health. 2019;27:291\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10389-018-0960-2.","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"576_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4342","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054342","volume":"20","author":"N Sahril","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sahril N, Chan YM, Chan YY, Ahmad NA, Kassim MSA, Shahein NA, et al. Poor Self-Rated Health and Associated Factors among Older Persons in Malaysia: A Population-Based Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20:4342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20054342.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"576_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02484-4","volume":"21","author":"S Cui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cui S, Yu Y, Dong W, Xu T, Huang Y, Zhang X, et al. Are there gender differences in the trajectories of self-rated health among chinese older adults? an analysis of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). BMC Geriatr. 2021;21:563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02484-4.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"576_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14569-9","volume":"22","author":"A Saha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saha A, Rahaman M, Mandal B, Biswas S, Govil D. Rural urban differences in self-rated health among older adults: examining the role of marital status and living arrangements. BMC Public Health. 2022;22:2175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-14569-9.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"576_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0291661","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0291661","volume":"18","author":"R Ping","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ping R, Oshio T. Educational inequalities in self-rated health and their mediators in late adulthood: Comparison of China and Japan. PLoS ONE. 2023;18:e0291661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0291661.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"576_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e063729","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063729","volume":"12","author":"Y Honda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Honda Y, Nakamura M, Aoki T, Ojima T. Multimorbidity patterns and the relation to self-rated health among older Japanese people: a nationwide cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2022;12:e063729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063729.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"576_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e027895","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027895","volume":"9","author":"D Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu D, Arling G, Wang K. A cross-sectional study of self-rated health among older adults: a comparison of China and the United States. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e027895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027895.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"576_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1177\/08982643211059133","volume":"34","author":"BA Steinman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Steinman BA, Tabler J, Mittlieder CM, Whitlock B, Goodman CE. Self-Reported Sensory Impairments in Older Adults and their Association with Self-Rated Health and Mortality Outcomes. J Aging Health. 2022;34:693\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08982643211059133.","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"key":"576_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.2001.0840","volume":"32","author":"IS Okosun","year":"2001","unstructured":"Okosun IS, Choi S, Matamoros T, Dever GE. Obesity is associated with reduced self-rated general health status: evidence from a representative sample of white, black, and Hispanic Americans. Prev Med. 2001;32:429\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/pmed.2001.0840.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"576_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.02.003","volume":"23","author":"R Micciolo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Micciolo R, Canal L, Mazzali G, Fantin F, Corzato F, Antonioli A, et al. The association between excess weight and comorbidity and self-rated health in the Italian population. Ann Epidemiol. 2013;23:172\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.02.003.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"576_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-020-0389-2","volume":"78","author":"B Simonsson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Simonsson B, Molarius A. Self-rated health and associated factors among the oldest-old: results from a cross-sectional study in Sweden. Arch Public Health Arch Belg Sante Publique. 2020;78:6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13690-020-0389-2.","journal-title":"Arch Public Health Arch Belg Sante Publique"},{"key":"576_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahr.2021.100050","volume":"2","author":"C Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li C, Khan MM. Smoking and self-rated health status of older men in China. Aging Health Res. 2022;2:100050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahr.2021.100050.","journal-title":"Aging Health Res"},{"key":"576_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352947","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/352947","volume":"2015","author":"PA Moriconi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moriconi PA, Nadeau L. A Cross-Sectional Study of Self-Rated Health among Older Adults: Association with Drinking Profiles and Other Determinants of Health. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res. 2015;2015:352947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/352947.","journal-title":"Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res"},{"key":"576_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20233331","DOI":"10.47626\/1516-4446-2023-3331","volume":"46","author":"NT Ito","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ito NT, Oliveira D, Rodrigues FMS, Castro-Costa E, Lima-Costa MF, Ferri CP. Depressive symptoms and self-rated health among Brazilian older adults: baseline data from the ELSI-Brazil study. Rev Bras Psiquiatr Sao Paulo Braz 1999. 2024;46:e20233331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47626\/1516-4446-2023-3331.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Psiquiatr Sao Paulo Braz 1999"},{"key":"576_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0306907","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0306907","volume":"19","author":"S Bae","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bae S, Ju Y, Nam S, Jin Y, Kang S, Ryu J-K, et al. The association between self-rated health, number of family members, and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults: Mediating role of depression. PLoS ONE. 2024;19:e0306907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0306907.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"576_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13030314","volume":"13","author":"S Park","year":"2025","unstructured":"Park S, Kang S-W. Factors Related to Self-Rated Health Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Healthcare. 2025;13:314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare13030314.","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"576_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colegn.2022.06.002","volume":"29","author":"Y-C Tseng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tseng Y-C, Gau B-S, Liu T-C, Hsieh Y-S, Huang G-S, Lou M-F. Association between sensory impairments and restricted social participation in older adults: A cross-sectional study. Collegian. 2022;29:850\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.colegn.2022.06.002.","journal-title":"Collegian"},{"key":"576_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s44155-024-00136-7","volume":"5","author":"RA Tutu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tutu RA, Ameyaw EE, Kwagyan J, Ottie-Boakye D. Health literacy levels and self-rated health in the state of Delaware: a cross-sectional study. Discov Soc Sci Health. 2025;5:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44155-024-00136-7.","journal-title":"Discov Soc Sci Health"},{"key":"576_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3813","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20053813","volume":"20","author":"M Dram\u00e9","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dram\u00e9 M, Cantegrit E, Godaert L. Self-Rated Health as a Predictor of Mortality in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20:3813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20053813.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44197-026-00576-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44197-026-00576-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44197-026-00576-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T22:47:18Z","timestamp":1783637238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44197-026-00576-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["576"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44197-026-00576-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-6014"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-6014","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University Faculty of Medicine Non-Interventional Ethics Committee (Decision No: 2025\/14\u201346, Date: 30.04.2025). All participants provided informed consent prior to inclusion in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical Trial Number"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"85"}}