{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T01:00:33Z","timestamp":1785114033275,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":60,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Glob Health"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-026-00591-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T08:14:28Z","timestamp":1779956068000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hepatitis C Virus Infection at the Start of Hemodialysis and During Early Follow-up: Evidence from Two Dialysis Centers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Abedi","family":"Samakoosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad Javad","family":"Bay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abolfazl","family":"Kolbadinejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lotfollah","family":"Davoodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6s","key":"591_CR1","first-page":"S129","volume":"102","author":"KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline FOR the Prevention","year":"2022","unstructured":"KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline FOR the Prevention. Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Hepatitis C in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. 2022;102(6s):S129\u2013205.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"591_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.07.012","volume":"102","author":"P Martin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martin P, Awan AA, Berenguer MC, Bruchfeld A, Fabrizi F, Goldberg DS, et al. Executive Summary of the KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Prevention, Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Hepatitis C in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. 2022;102(6):1228\u201337.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"591_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-2391","volume":"176","author":"AAY Awan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Awan AAY, Berenguer MC, Bruchfeld A, Fabrizi F, Goldberg DS, Jia J, et al. Prevention, Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Hepatitis C in Chronic Kidney Disease: Synopsis of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2023;176(12):1648\u201355.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"591_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0284169","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284169","volume":"19","author":"R Kenfack-Momo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kenfack-Momo R, Ngounoue MD, Kenmoe S, Takuissu GR, Ebogo-Belobo JT, Kengne-Nd\u00e9 C, et al. Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in dialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(2):e0284169.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"591_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.11.038","volume":"95","author":"M Jadoul","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jadoul M, Bieber BA, Martin P, Akiba T, Nwankwo C, Arduino JM, et al. Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2019;95(4):939\u201347.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"591_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-022-01483-x","volume":"35","author":"P Greeviroj","year":"2022","unstructured":"Greeviroj P, Lertussavavivat T, Thongsricome T, Takkavatakarn K, Phannajit J, Avihingsanon Y, et al. The world prevalence, associated risk factors and mortality of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients: a meta-analysis. J Nephrol. 2022;35(9):2269\u201382.","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"591_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910840","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.910840","volume":"9","author":"L Gan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gan L, Wang D, Bieber B, McCullough K, Jadoul M, Pisoni RL, et al. Hepatitis C Prevalence, Incidence, and Treatment in Chinese Hemodialysis Patients: Results From the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study-China (2019-21). Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:910840.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"4","key":"591_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-023-00149-6","volume":"13","author":"I Al Shukri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al Shukri I, Al Wahaibi A, Al Kindi H, Al-Maimani Y, Al Maani A, Alqayoudhi A, et al. The Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Hemodialysis Patients in Oman: A National Cross-Sectional Study. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2023;13(4):774\u201381.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"591_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2951","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-023-03587-0","volume":"55","author":"L Marc","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marc L, Mihaescu A, Lupusoru R, Schiller O, Bob F, Chisavu L, et al. Hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infection in hemodialysis patients after nationwide direct antiviral agents therapy-experience of 10 Romanian HD centers. Int Urol Nephrol. 2023;55(11):2951\u20138.","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"591_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.55133\/eji.310212","volume":"31","author":"II Sarhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sarhan II, El Gaafary MMEL, Hendam MM, Gouda DMT. The burden of HCV among prevalent hemodialysis patients after the National Egyptian HCV Eradication program. Egypt J Immunol. 2024;31(2):112\u201321.","journal-title":"Egypt J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"591_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.11.008","volume":"8","author":"EM Balk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Balk EM, Adam GP, Jadoul M, Martin P, Gordon CE. A Systematic Review of Direct-Acting Antivirals for Hepatitis C in Advanced CKD. Kidney Int Rep. 2023;8(2):240\u201353.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"591_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"BhattacharyaD, Aronsohn A, Price J, Lo Re V; AASLD-IDSA HCV Guidance Panel. Hepatitis C Guidance 2023 update: AASLD-IDSA recommendations for testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;77(6):1014\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciad319.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad319"},{"key":"591_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang CF, Liang PC, Wei YJ, Wu CC, Wei SL, Lin LJ, et al. Nationwide hepatitis C virus microelimination in uremic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. 2025;124(Suppl 2):S102\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfma.2025.09.016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2025.09.016"},{"issue":"6","key":"591_CR14","first-page":"1189","volume":"85","author":"E Ridruejo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ridruejo E, Laham G, Alonso S, Vallejos A, Silva MO, Ferder MD, et al. Hepatitis C virus microelimination program in hemodialysis patients: success of a multi-stakeholder partnership based on a national eradication strategy. Med (B Aires). 2025;85(6):1189\u201397.","journal-title":"Med (B Aires)"},{"issue":"1","key":"591_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-023-03621-1","volume":"56","author":"H Naguib","year":"2024","unstructured":"Naguib H, Abouelnaga SF, Elsayed MM. Occult hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients who achieved a sustained virological response to directly acting antiviral drugs: is it a concern? Int Urol Nephrol. 2024;56(1):217\u201322.","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"591_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i6.885","volume":"7","author":"D Ozer Etik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ozer Etik D, Ocal S, Boyacioglu AS. Hepatitis C infection in hemodialysis patients: A review. World J Hepatol. 2015;7(6):885\u201395.","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"591_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-023-00149-6","volume":"13","author":"I Al Shukri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al Shukri I, Al Wahaibi A, Al kindi H, Al-Maimani Y, Al Maani A, Alqayoudhi A, et al. The Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Hemodialysis Patients in Oman: A National Cross-Sectional Study. J Epidemiol Global Health. 2023;13(4):774\u201381.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Global Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"591_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00649.x","volume":"65","author":"RB Fissell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fissell RB, Bragg-Gresham JL, Woods JD, Jadoul M, Gillespie B, Hedderwick SA, et al. Patterns of hepatitis C prevalence and seroconversion in hemodialysis units from three continents: the DOPPS. Kidney Int. 2004;65(6):2335\u201342.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"591_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ002","volume":"60","author":"BD Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith BD, Yartel AK, Krauskopf K, Massoud OI, Brown KA, Fallon MB, et al. Hepatitis C virus antibody positivity and predictors among previously undiagnosed adult primary care outpatients: cross-sectional analysis of a multisite retrospective cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(8):1145\u201352.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"591_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12247","volume":"21","author":"P Bruggmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bruggmann P, Berg T, \u00d8vrehus AL, Moreno C, Brand\u00e3o Mello CE, Roudot-Thoraval F, et al. Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in selected countries. J Viral Hepat. 2014;21(Suppl 1):5\u201333.","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"issue":"12","key":"591_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1036","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(25)00254-3","volume":"10","author":"J Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li J, Pang L, Ding G, Xing W, Yu J, Zheng H, et al. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in people aged 1\u201369 years in China: a national, cross-sectional study. Lancet Public Health. 2025;10(12):e1036\u201344.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"591_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.107215","volume":"147","author":"MJ Akiyama","year":"2024","unstructured":"Akiyama MJ, Khudyakov Y, Ramachandran S, Riback LR, Ackerman M, Nyakowa M, et al. Widespread hepatitis C virus transmission network among people who inject drugs in Kenya. Int J Infect Dis. 2024;147:107215.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"591_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.3.429","volume":"51","author":"H Hinrichsen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hinrichsen H, Leimenstoll G, Stegen G, Schrader H, F\u00f6lsch UR, Schmidt WE. Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C virus infection in haemodialysis patients: a multicentre study in 2796 patients. Gut. 2002;51(3):429\u201333.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"10","key":"591_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2007.00868.x","volume":"14","author":"F Fabrizi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fabrizi F, Takkouche B, Lunghi G, Dixit V, Messa P, Martin P. The impact of hepatitis C virus infection on survival in dialysis patients: meta-analysis of observational studies. J Viral Hepat. 2007;14(10):697\u2013703.","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"issue":"1","key":"591_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17614","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-20003-2","volume":"12","author":"J-H Lim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lim J-H, Jeon Y, Kim DG, Kim YH, Kim JK, Yang J, et al. Effect of pretransplant dialysis vintage on clinical outcomes in deceased donor kidney transplant. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):17614.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"591_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5609","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S378600","volume":"15","author":"K Bao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bao K, Chen J, Liu R, Xiang Y, Gao W. Prevalence of HCV Infection Among Hemodialysis Patients in Lanzhou of Northwestern China. Infect Drug Resist. 2022;15:5609\u201317.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"1","key":"591_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-025-00508-5","volume":"16","author":"M Naderi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Naderi M, Kordkatuli K, Makokha GN, Moradi A, Mehravar F, Hijikata M, et al. The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Hepatitis D Coinfection in Iran\u2019s General Population Over the Past 25 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2025;16(1):2.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"591_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.34172\/mejdd.2021.231","volume":"13","author":"L Kasraian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kasraian L, Imanieh MH, Tabrizi R, Shahriarirad R, Erfani A, Hosseini S. Prevalence of HBV and HCV Infections in Iranian Blood Donors; An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2021;13(3):237\u201352.","journal-title":"Middle East J Dig Dis"},{"issue":"Rr\u20135","key":"591_CR29","first-page":"1","volume":"50","author":"Recommendations for preventing","year":"2001","unstructured":"Recommendations for preventing. transmission of infections among chronic hemodialysis patients. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2001;50(Rr\u20135):1\u201343.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"591_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2022.109751","volume":"243","author":"M Khezri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khezri M, Mirzazadeh A, Shokoohi M, Sharafi H, Ghalekhani N, Tavakoli F, et al. Hepatitis C virus prevalence, determinants, and cascade of care among people who inject drugs in Iran. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2023;243:109751.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"1","key":"591_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8175-1","volume":"20","author":"M Behzadifar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Behzadifar M, Behzadifar M, Bragazzi NL. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in people who inject drugs in Iran. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):62.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"591_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fabrizi F, Cerutti R, Messa P. Updated evidence on the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis. Pathogens. 2021;10(9):1149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens10091149.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091149"},{"issue":"1","key":"591_CR33","first-page":"49","volume":"38","author":"P Dentico","year":"1992","unstructured":"Dentico P, Buongiorno R, Volpe A, Carlone A, Carbone M, Manno C, et al. Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in hemodialysis patients: study of risk factors. Clin Nephrol. 1992;38(1):49\u201352.","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"591_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/11.supp4.36","volume":"11","author":"M Jadoul","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jadoul M. Transmission routes of HCV infection in dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 1996;11(Suppl 4):36\u20138.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"issue":"4","key":"591_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1159\/000355803","volume":"39","author":"F Fabrizi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fabrizi F, Messa P, Martin P. Recent advances on hepatitis C virus in dialysis population. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2014;39(4):260\u201371.","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"591_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00472-6","volume":"7","author":"Global change in","year":"2022","unstructured":"Global change in. hepatitis C virus prevalence and cascade of care between 2015 and 2020: a modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;7(5):396\u2013415.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"591_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2004.09.021","volume":"45","author":"V Sypsa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sypsa V, Psichogiou M, Katsoulidou A, Skoutelis G, Moutafis S, Hadjiconstantinou V, et al. Incidence and patterns of hepatitis C virus seroconversion in a cohort of hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005;45(2):334\u201343.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44197-026-00591-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44197-026-00591-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44197-026-00591-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:56:08Z","timestamp":1785113768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44197-026-00591-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44197-026-00591-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-6014"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-6014","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study did not include any individual-level identifiable data, images, or personal information requiring additional consent for publication.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (Approval Code: 1403.254). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants were informed about the observational nature of the study, and written informed consent was obtained prior to data collection. Confidentiality of participant information was strictly maintained throughout the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"98"}}