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Owing to highly conserved sequences and similar expression patterns across insect species, the <jats:italic>Osiris<\/jats:italic> gene family is believed to play specific roles in the insect kingdom. However, current studies on <jats:italic>Osiris<\/jats:italic> gene functions have focused primarily on several holometabolous insects, such as <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bombyx mori<\/jats:italic>, with few systematic studies on hemimetabolous insects. In this study, we identified 20 <jats:italic>Osiris<\/jats:italic> genes by searching the genome and transcriptome databases of the brown planthopper <jats:italic>Nilaparvata lugens<\/jats:italic>. The <jats:italic>Nilaparvata lugens Osiris<\/jats:italic> genes presented similar development- and tissue-specific expression profiles. A functional investigation using RNAi in 4th instar nymphs and newly eclosed adult females revealed that the knockdown of <jats:italic>Osiris<\/jats:italic> genes resulted in multiple phenotypes, including a lethal phenotype; morphological changes in the wing, ovary and ovipositor; and hatching and feeding failure. These observations suggested that the <jats:italic>Osiris<\/jats:italic> genes play different functional roles at the individual and tissue levels. This study expanded the knowledge of <jats:italic>Osiris<\/jats:italic> gene functions and provided a better understanding of the importance of the <jats:italic>Osiris<\/jats:italic> gene family in the development and reproduction of insects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44297-025-00045-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T07:51:18Z","timestamp":1741765878000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional diversity of the Osiris gene family in the brown planthopper"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Cui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingxing","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7694-4310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanyuan","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"45_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/165.2.613","volume":"165","author":"DR Dorer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dorer DR, et al. 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