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Identifying infectious reservoirs within the SRBSDV cycle is critical for developing effective disease management strategies. This research identifies Chinese sprangletop (\n                    <jats:italic>Leptochloa chinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), a noxious weed commonly found in rice ecosystems, as a previously unrecognized natural host of SRBSDV. SRBSDV infection was detected in\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>L. chinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0samples collected from rice paddies exhibiting SRBSDV symptoms. Transcriptomic analyses, observation of SRBSDV virions, and typical profiles of SRBSDV-derived small interfering RNAs provided evidence of active, low-level, and asymptomatic viral infection. Genomic comparisons revealed minor genetic divergence in the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) gene, suggesting host-specific adaptation without compromising transmissibility. Further investigations using transmission experiments demonstrated that WBPHs microinjected with SRBSDV obtained from\n                    <jats:italic>L. chinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    efficiently transmitted the virus to rice seedlings at a rate of 35.7%. This study emphasizes the necessity of integrating weed management into SRBSDV control strategies to disrupt viral reservoirs and mitigate outbreaks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44297-026-00079-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T06:25:00Z","timestamp":1782368700000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Leptochloa chinensis identified as a new reservoir host of southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Pengpeng","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianing","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhua","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengnan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuangxin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanxi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junmin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangxing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0733-4877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianzhuo","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"79_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3677","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-008-0467-2","volume":"53","author":"G Zhou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhou G, Wen J, Cai D, Zhou GH, Wen JJ, Cai DJ, et al. 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We all agree to submit it to\n                      Crop Health\n                      for publication and are aware of and accept the journal\u2019s publication policies.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Jianping Chen serves as Editorial Board Member of this journal but was not involved in the peer-review process or the editorial decision-making for this manuscript. All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}],"article-number":"17"}}