{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T21:46:58Z","timestamp":1788558418266,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fayoum University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Blood Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune condition characterized by low platelet count and increased risk of bleeding.\u00a0Several pathophysiological processes contribute to the disease, including complement activation by autoantibodies bound to\u00a0platelet surfaces. This study aimed to assess complement levels in ITP patients and determine their correlation with clinical presentation and disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This case\u2013control study enrolled 40 patients (both sexes, aged 18\u201340\u00a0years) with primary ITP and 40 healthy controls. All participants underwent a comprehensive health assessment, thorough physical examination,\u00a0laboratory\u00a0investigations, and\u00a0abdominal\u00a0ultrasound. These included a complete blood count (CBC) with blood film, renal and hepatic function tests, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg),\u00a0hepatitis\u00a0C\u00a0virus\u00a0antibodies (HCV-Abs), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies, hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), C-reactive protein (CRP), antinuclear antibody (ANA), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum complement levels (C3 and C4), and <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> antigen in stool.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Mean C3 and C4 levels were significantly lower in patients with ITP than in healthy controls. A statistical significant negative correlation was found between CRP and C4 levels in ITP patients. However, no statistically significant relationship was observed between C3 and C4 levels and platelet count in ITP patients, regardless of the presence of bleeding complications.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Complement levels were significantly lower in patients with ITP than in healthy controls. Complement levels were also significantly lower in treatment-na\u00efve patients than in patients who received treatment. Therefore, complement levels could serve as a valuable laboratory test for disease activity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44313-025-00078-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T05:29:15Z","timestamp":1746509355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The correlation between serum complement levels and clinical presentation in Egyptian immune thrombocytopenia patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Nourhan Mohamed","family":"Nasr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alia Abdelaziz","family":"Ayad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noha Khalifa","family":"Abdelghaffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa Salah","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"78_CR1","first-page":"273","volume":"57","author":"M Onis\u00e2i","year":"2019","unstructured":"Onis\u00e2i M, Vl\u0103d\u0103reanu A-M, Sp\u00eenu A, et al. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) \u2013 new era for an old disease. Rom J Intern Med. 2019;57:273\u201383.","journal-title":"Rom J Intern Med"},{"key":"78_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13319","volume":"103","author":"M Witkowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Witkowski M, Witkowska M, Robak T. Autoimmune thrombocytopenia: Current treatment options in adults with a focus on novel drugs. Eur J Haematol. 2019;103:531\u201341.","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"78_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-12-820779","volume":"132","author":"M Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu M, Li J, Zhu G, et al. GP Ib alpha is Required for Platelet-Mediated Hepatic Thrombopoietin Generation. 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Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Sutimlimab in Patients with Chronic Immune Thrombocytope-nia. Blood. 2020;136:14\u201315.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2020-139663"},{"key":"78_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3829","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000966","volume":"3","author":"C Neunert","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neunert C, Terrell DR, Arnold DM, et al. American Society of Hematology 2019 guidelines for immune thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2019;3:3829\u201366.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"78_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2596","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-07-442392","volume":"14","author":"F Rodeghiero","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rodeghiero F, Michel M, Gernsheimer T. Standardization ofbleeding assessment in immune thrombocytopenia: report from the International Working Group. 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This study followed the Institutional Committee regulations for the Protection of Human Subjects adopted by the 18 th World Medical Assembly in Helsinki, Finland. The study protocol was submitted for approval by the Ethics Committee of Cairo University (code number MS- 292\u20132022, dated September 23, 2022).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"29"}}