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This mini-review explores the spectrum of EBV-related lymphomas that may be detected in serous fluids, including EBV-positive nodal T\/NK-cell lymphoma (EBV\u2009+\u2009nT\/NKCL), extranodal NK\/T-cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and classic Hodgkin lymphoma. We present an index case of EBV\u2009+\u2009nT\/NKCL with lymphomatous pleural effusion and discuss the cytologic features, differential diagnoses, and role of ancillary studies such as immunocytochemistry, EBER in situ hybridization, and molecular assays. Accurate diagnosis requires the integration of cytomorphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular findings with clinical information to establish a definitive diagnosis and distinguish these aggressive lymphomas from reactive and non-hematologic mimics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44313-025-00088-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T06:10:00Z","timestamp":1751436600000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effusion cytology of EBV-associated lymphoma: a concise review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Chih-Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-Chuan","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Tsung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Chang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shang-Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Sung","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"88_CR1","unstructured":"Ng S-B, Cheng CL, Kato S, Weinstock DM, Yamashita D. EBV-positive nodal T- and NK-cell lymphoma. In: WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. Haematolymphoid tumours. WHO classification of tumours series, 5th ed.; vol. 11. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2024. https:\/\/publications.iarc.who.int\/637."},{"key":"88_CR2","unstructured":"Chuang SS, Cheng CL, Huang YH, Kwong YL, Li GD, Ng S-B, et al. Extranodal NK\/T-cell lymphoma. In: WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. Haematolymphoid tumours. WHO classification of tumours series, 5th ed.; vol. 11. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2024. https:\/\/publications.iarc.who.int\/637."},{"issue":"5","key":"88_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24388","volume":"48","author":"CY Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu CY, Chen BJ, Chuang SS. Malignant effusions from extranodal NK\/T-cell lymphomas are frequently of anaplastic morphology with azurophilic granules and of T-cell lineage. 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The Institutional Review Board of Chi Mei Medical Center approved the study of the index case (protocol code CMH-IRB-2025\u2013001, approval date: January 10, 2025).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The inform of consent has been waived by the Institutional Review Board of Chi Mei Medical Center.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"37"}}