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Anterior and posterior lens surface shapes were determined by image processing and ray tracing of IOLMaster 700-generated B-scan images (six meridians per scan) at 0, 3, 6 and 9\u2009D accommodation demands, expressed as refractive power vectors (\n                      <jats:italic>M, J<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>J<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>45<\/jats:sub>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For all children, anterior and posterior lens surface\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      and total lens power increased by means (\u00b1SD) of +0.45\u2009\u00b1\u20090.17, +0.23\u2009\u00b1\u20090.20 and +0.65\u2009\u00b1\u20090.32\u2009D per dioptre of accommodation demand, respectively, with a shift towards a more equiconvex shape with increasing accommodation.\n                      <jats:italic>J<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>J<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>45<\/jats:sub>\n                      did not change significantly during accommodation (for anterior surface,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.68 and 0.48, respectively; for posterior surface,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.47 and 0.88, respectively). Myopic lenses had significantly lower anterior and posterior surface\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      and total lens power than non-myopic lenses (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), but no significant differences were observed in astigmatic vectors except for anterior lens surface\n                      <jats:italic>J<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      . There were no interactions between accommodation demand and refractive error for any lens parameters (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2265\u20090.13).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myopic children have flatter lens surfaces than non-myopic children. Lens surface shape changes with accommodation are similar between myopic and non-myopic children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44402-026-00069-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:07:00Z","timestamp":1776406020000},"page":"494-501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Crystalline Lens Shape During Accommodation in Children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Asik","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohan P. 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