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Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether hydroxypropyl-guar (HP-Guar) nano-emulsion artificial tears improve symptoms, quality of life, severity of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and evaporative dry eye (EDE)-related parameters in mild-to-moderate EDE participants over 90 days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-one mild-to-moderate EDE participants were recruited for a single-masked, longitudinal clinical trial without a control group or placebo. Inclusion criteria comprised: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) between 13\u201332 points; at least one positive diagnostic sign (Non-Invasive Tear Break-Up Time [NIBUT] &lt;10\u2009s and\/or corneal staining &gt;1) and two classification signs (Tear Meniscus Height [TMH] \u22650.20 and \u22640.50\u2009mm and MGD score \u22655 points). Participants applied 1\u20132 drops of HP-Guar nano-emulsion artificial tears per eye, four times daily for 90 days, with follow-up assessments at baseline, 30, 60 and 90 days. Three groups of tests were conducted each session: DED symptomatology and quality of life (OSDI, EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level [EQ-5D-5L]), MGD severity (MGD score, meibomian gland loss area [MGLA]) and EDE-related parameters (meibomian gland expression [MGE], Meibometry, lipid layer pattern (LLP), NIBUT, ocular redness and corneal staining).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant differences in OSDI score, EQ-5D-5L in the \u2018Healthy today\u2019 scale, MGD score, lower eyelid MGLA and LLP were observed across sessions (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.03). However, no significant differences were found in EQ-5D-5L score, upper eyelid MGLA, MGE, Meibometry, NIBUT-first, NIBUT-average, limbal or bulbar redness in any area or corneal staining (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2265\u20090.09).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This 90\u2011day single\u2011masked study without a control group found that HP\u2011Guar nano\u2011emulsion eye drops were associated with improvements in symptoms, perceived health and MGD\u2011related signs. These findings are exploratory and require confirmation in controlled trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44402-026-00089-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T11:22:00Z","timestamp":1777288920000},"page":"474-481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of HP-Guar Nano-emulsion Artificial Tears on Symptoms and Severity of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Evaporative Dry Eye During a 90-Day Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5103-1374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Pena-Verdeal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7216-4512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacobo","family":"Garcia-Queiruga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1321-8154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alba","family":"Castro-Gir\u00e1ldez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5032-620X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Sabucedo-Villamarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6804-4478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Garcia-Resua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9595-7486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J.","family":"Giraldez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4012-4636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Yebra-Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"89_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.008","volume":"15","author":"JP Craig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Craig JP, Nichols KK, Akpek EK, Caffery B, Dua HS, Joo CK, et al. 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