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Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychophysical discrimination of structured light (SL) stimuli may be useful in screening for various macular disorders. The circularly-oriented macular pigment optical density (coMPOD), calculated from the discrimination performance of SL-induced entoptic phenomena, may reveal a novel functional biomarker of macular health. This study investigated the potential influence of eye dominance and testing order effects on SL-based stimulus perception, factors that potentially influence the sensitivity of screening tests based on SL technology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A psychophysical task was performed where various SL-based entoptic images with multiple azimuthal fringes rotating with a specific temporal frequency were projected onto the participants\u2019 retinas (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200928). By occluding the central areas of entoptic images, the retinal eccentricity\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      of the perceivable area of the stimuli was measured. The scale parameter of the coMPOD profile (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value) was calculated for each participant using a spatiotemporal sensitivity model that takes into account the perceptual threshold measurements of SL stimuli with varying spatial densities and temporal frequencies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      -values for the dominant and non-dominant eyes were 0.11\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06\u00b0 and 0.11\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05\u00b0, respectively. Similarly, the values for the first and second eyes were 0.11\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05\u00b0 and 0.10\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05\u00b0, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient between eye dominance and testing order effects was\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.80 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The Bland\u2013Altman plots for both factors indicated zero bias.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicated repeatable measurements for both eyes, implying minimal impact from eye dominance and testing order on SL-based stimulus perception. The results provide a foundation for future studies exploring the clinical utility of SL tools in eye health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44402-026-00092-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:47:32Z","timestamp":1777466852000},"page":"721-727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Eye Dominance and Testing Order Effects in the Circularly-Oriented Macular Pigment Optical Density Measurements"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2112-4208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mukhit","family":"Kulmaganbetov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5355-7769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taranjit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4594-3403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Pushin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7332-9548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinki","family":"Chahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8541-2376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davis V.","family":"Garrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6051-6859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Connor","family":"Kapahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9062-1331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Mungalsingh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1867-1293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman","family":"Salehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5934-6968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3902-2712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6040-0469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhangting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8575-3367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dusan","family":"Sarenac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"92_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.11.31","volume":"9","author":"GP Misson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Misson GP, Anderson SJ, Armstrong RA, Gillett M, Reynolds D. 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