{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:42:35Z","timestamp":1791650555154,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate systematically the effect of different concentrations of atropine eye drops on accommodative amplitude and binocular visual function in children and adolescents with myopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD420261297760). PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched up to January 15, 2025. Eligible studies compared atropine eye drops (0.01\u20131%) with placebo, single-vision correction or no treatment and reported accommodative or binocular vision outcomes. The primary outcome was the change in accommodative amplitude. Secondary outcomes included accommodative lag, stereoacuity, heterophoria and fusional vergence. Mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using fixed- or random-effects models based on heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirteen randomised controlled trials were included, most of which were conducted in Asian populations. Low-dose atropine (0.01%) was associated with a small but statistically significant reduction in accommodative amplitude (MD: \u22120.84\u2009D, 95% CI: \u22121.50 to \u22120.18), with substantial heterogeneity and no consistent effects at individual follow-up time points. Intermediate concentrations (0.02\u20130.03%) showed variable and heterogeneous effects. Atropine 0.05% produced a consistent and clinically meaningful reduction in accommodative amplitude (MD: \u22121.96\u2009D, 95% CI: \u22122.36 to \u22121.57) and measurable changes in binocular parameters. Higher concentrations (\u22650.1%) resulted in marked cycloplegic effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effects of atropine on accommodation and binocular visual function are dose-dependent. Low-dose atropine demonstrates a favourable functional safety profile, while higher concentrations are associated with clinically relevant accommodative impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44402-026-00093-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T08:01:15Z","timestamp":1779091275000},"page":"681-694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Dose-Dependent Effects of Atropine on Accommodative and Binocular Visual Function for Myopia Control in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0996-5007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Mart\u00ednez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6526-9658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacinto","family":"Santodomingo-Rubido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6743-8264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Villa-Collar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"93_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.4.49","volume":"61","author":"AEG Haarman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haarman AEG, Enthoven CA, Tideman JLW, Tedja MS, Verhoeven VJM, Klaver CCW. The complications of myopia: a review and meta-analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020;61:49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.61.4.49.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"93_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M106","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25958","volume":"60","author":"CF Wildsoet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wildsoet CF, Chia A, Cho P, Guggenheim JA, Polling JR, Read S, et al. IMI\u2014 interventions for controlling myopia onset and progression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60:M106\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.18-25958.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"93_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD004916","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004916.pub4","volume":"1","author":"JJ Walline","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walline JJ, Lindsley KB, Vedula SS, Cotter SA, Mutti DO, Ng SM, et al. Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;1:CD004916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD004916.pub4.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"93_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2020.11.003","volume":"25","author":"SL Pineles","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pineles SL, Repka MX, Yu F, Velez FG, Perez C, Sim D, et al. The use of atropine for treatment of amblyopia using the OptumLabs Data Warehouse. J AAPOS. 2021;25:107\u20139.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaapos.2020.11.003.","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"93_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16434","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016434","volume":"98","author":"M Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen M, Long Q, Gu H, Hong J. Accommodation changes after Visian implantable collamer lens with central hole for high myopia: a STROBE-compliant article. Medicine. 2019;98:e16434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000016434.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"93_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.05.062","volume":"113","author":"WH Chua","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chua WH, Balakrishnan V, Chan YH, Tong L, Ling Y, Quah BL, et al. Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:2285\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.05.062.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"93_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.07.031","volume":"119","author":"A Chia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chia A, Chua WH, Cheung YB, Wong WL, Lingham A, Fong A, et al. Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia: safety and efficacy of 0.5%, 0.1% and 0.01% doses (ATOM2). Ophthalmology. 2012;119:347\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.07.031.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"93_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.09.020","volume":"157","author":"A Chia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chia A, Chua WH, Wen L, Fong A, Goon YY, Tan D. Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia: changes after stopping atropine 0.01%, 0.1% and 0.5%. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014;157:451\u20137.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.09.020.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"93_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2010.09.020","volume":"15","author":"SW Leo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leo SW, Young TL. An evidence-based update on myopia and interventions to retard its progression. J AAPOS. 2011;15:181\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaapos.2010.09.020.","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"93_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00972-1","volume":"109","author":"SM Saw","year":"2002","unstructured":"Saw SM, Shih-Yen EC, Koh A, Tan D. Interventions to retard myopia progression in children: an evidence-based update. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:415\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00972-1.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"93_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.10.020","volume":"116","author":"L Tong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tong L, Huang XL, Koh ALT, Zhang X, Tan DTH, Chua WH. Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia: effect on myopia progression after cessation of atropine. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:572\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.10.020.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"93_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.004","volume":"123","author":"A Chia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chia A, Lu QS, Tan D. Five-year clinical trial on atropine for the treatment of myopia 2: myopia control with atropine 0.01% eyedrops. Ophthalmology. 2016;123:391\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.004.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"93_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2011.0027","volume":"27","author":"PC Wu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wu PC, Yang YH, Fang PC. The long-term results of using low-concentration atropine eye drops for controlling myopia progression in schoolchildren. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2011;27:461\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jop.2011.0027.","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"93_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2012.279","volume":"27","author":"YT Fang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fang YT, Chou YJ, Pu C, Lin PJ, Liu TL, Huang N, et al. Prescription of atropine eye drops among children diagnosed with myopia in Taiwan from 2000 to 2007. Eye 2013;27:418\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2012.279.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"93_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.05.032","volume":"124","author":"SL Pineles","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pineles SL, Kraker RT, VanderVeen DK, Hutchinson AK, Galvin JA, Wilson LB, et al. Atropine for the prevention of myopia progression in children: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2017;124:1857\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.05.032.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"93_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13490","volume":"45","author":"JC Yam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yam JC, Khanal S, Phillips JR. Does 0.01% atropine have a place as a myopia control therapy?. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2025;45:929\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.13490.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"93_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.03.013","volume":"131","author":"XJ Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang XJ, Zhang Y, Yip BHK, Kam KW, Tang F, Ling X, et al. Five-year clinical trial of low-concentration atropine for myopia progression (LAMP) study: phase 4 report. Ophthalmology. 2024;131:1011\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.03.013.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"93_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.5467","volume":"142","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Y, Yip M, Ning Y, Chung J, Toh A, Leow C, et al. Topical atropine for childhood myopia control: the atropine treatment long-term assessment study. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2024;142:15\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.5467.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"93_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12052","volume":"33","author":"NA McBrien","year":"2013","unstructured":"McBrien NA, Stell WK, Carr B. How does atropine exert its anti-myopia effects?. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2013;33:373\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.12052.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"93_CR20","first-page":"1277","volume":"15","author":"VA Barathi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barathi VA, Weon SR, Beuerman RW. Expression of muscarinic receptors in human and mouse sclera and their role in the regulation of scleral fibroblast proliferation. Mol Vis. 2009;15:1277\u201393.","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"93_CR21","first-page":"680","volume":"17","author":"VA Barathi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barathi VA, Beuerman RW. Molecular mechanisms of muscarinic receptors in mouse scleral fibroblasts before and after induction of experimental myopia with atropine treatment. Mol Vis. 2011;17:680\u201392.","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"93_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/08820538.2021.2006724","volume":"37","author":"E Prousali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Prousali E, Haidich AB, Tzamalis A, Ziakas N, Mataftsi A. The role of accommodative function in myopic development: a review. Semin Ophthalmol. 2022;37:455\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08820538.2021.2006724.","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"93_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000677","volume":"46","author":"A Upadhyay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Upadhyay A, Beuerman RW. Biological mechanisms of atropine control of myopia. Eye Contact Lens. 2020;46:129\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000677.","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"93_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-315258","volume":"104","author":"L Wen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wen L, Cao Y, Cheng Q, Li X, Pan L, Li L, et al. Objectively measured near work, outdoor exposure and myopia in children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020;104:1542\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-315258.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"93_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.4","volume":"62","author":"NS Logan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Logan NS, Radhakrishnan H, Cruickshank FE, Allen PM, Bandela PK, Davies LN, et al. IMI accommodation and binocular vision in myopia development and progression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021;62:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.62.5.4.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"93_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.10.016","volume":"129","author":"A Ha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ha A, Kim SJ, Shim SR, Kim YK, Jung JH. Efficacy and safety of 8 atropine concentrations for myopia control in children: a network meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2022;129:322\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.10.016.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"93_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.3820","volume":"138","author":"S Wei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wei S, Li SM, An W, Du J, Liang X, Sun Y, et al. Safety and efficacy of low-dose atropine eyedrops for myopia progression in Chinese children: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020;138:1178\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.3820.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"93_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1243_19","volume":"68","author":"M Kothari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kothari M, Modak M, Khan H, Jahan S, Solanki M, Rathod V. Convergence excess consecutive esotropia associated with 0.01% atropine eye drops usage. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020;68:653\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1243_19.","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"93_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.1091","volume":"135","author":"Q Gong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gong Q, Janowski M, Luo M, Wei H, Chen B, Yang G, et al. Efficacy and adverse effects of atropine in childhood myopia: a meta-analysis. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017;135:624\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.1091.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"93_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01746-w","volume":"20","author":"C Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao C, Cai C, Ding Q, Dai H. Efficacy and safety of atropine to control myopia progression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol. 2020;20:478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-020-01746-w.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"93_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"93_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Chichester: Wiley; 2019.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604"},{"key":"93_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.08.001","volume":"66","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guyatt GH, Thorlund K, Oxman AD, Walter SD, Patrick D, Furukawa TA, et al. GRADE guidelines: 13. Preparing summary of findings tables and evidence profiles\u2014continuous outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013;66:173\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.08.001.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"93_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000002031","volume":"100","author":"RE Breliant","year":"2023","unstructured":"Breliant RE, Pang Y, Bandstra A, Kattouf V. Effect of low-dose atropine on binocular vision and accommodation in children aged 6 to 17 years. Optom Vis Sci. 2023;100:550\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OPX.0000000000002031.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"93_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01708-2","volume":"11","author":"C Cui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cui C, Li X, Lyu Y, Wei L, Zhao B, Yu S, et al. Safety and efficacy of 0.02% and 0.01% atropine on controlling myopia progression: a 2-year clinical trial. Sci Rep. 2021;11:22267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-01708-2.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"93_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-315440","volume":"104","author":"A Fu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fu A, Stapleton F, Wei L, Wang W, Zhao B, Watt K, et al. Effect of low-dose atropine on myopia progression, pupil diameter and accommodative amplitude. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020;104:1535\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-315440.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"93_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13020325","volume":"13","author":"A Hvid-Hansen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hvid-Hansen A, Jacobsen N, M\u00f8ller F, Bek T, Ozenne B, Kessel L. Myopia control with low-dose atropine in European children: six-month results from a randomized multicenter study. J Pers Med. 2023;13:325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm13020325.","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"93_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2022.101704","volume":"46","author":"J Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang J, Long W, Hu Y, Zhao F, Zhao W, Zheng B, et al. Accommodation and vergence function in children using atropine combined with orthokeratology. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2023;46:101704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2022.101704.","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"93_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14148","volume":"50","author":"SSY Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee SSY, Lingham G, Blaszkowska M, Sanfilippo PG, Koay A, Franchina M, et al. Low-concentration atropine eyedrops for myopia control in a multi-racial cohort of Australian children. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2022;50:1001\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ceo.14148.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"93_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.01.026","volume":"128","author":"R Saxena","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saxena R, Dhiman R, Gupta V, Kumar P, Matalia J, Roy L, et al. Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia in India: multicentric randomized trial. Ophthalmology. 2021;128:1367\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.01.026.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"93_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7525180","volume":"2020","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Y, Yao J, Qu X. Atropine 0.01% for the control of myopia in Chinese children: effect on accommodation functions and pupil size. J Ophthalmol. 2020;2020:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/7525180.","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"93_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.70013","volume":"45","author":"EC Woodman-Pieterse","year":"2025","unstructured":"Woodman-Pieterse EC, Hughes RPJ, Hopkins S, Cunningham AF, Niemand J, Romeo B, et al. Response of accommodation and vergence systems to low-dose atropine. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2025;45:1608\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.70013.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"93_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.05.029","volume":"126","author":"JC Yam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yam JC, Jiang Y, Tang SM, Law AKP, Chan JJ, Wong E, et al. Low-concentration atropine for myopia progression (LAMP) study. Ophthalmology. 2019;126:113\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.05.029.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"93_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.10.002","volume":"129","author":"JC Yam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yam JC, Zhang XJ, Zhang Y, Wang YM, Tang SM, Li FF, et al. Three-year clinical trial of low-concentration atropine for myopia progression (LAMP): phase 3 report. Ophthalmology. 2022;129:308\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.10.002.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"93_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2023.0173","volume":"40","author":"HDM Tran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tran HDM, Ha TTX, Tran YH, Coroneo M, Tran TD, Truong TU, et al. Impact of various concentrations of low-dose atropine on pupillary diameter and accommodative amplitude in children with myopia. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2024;40:232\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jop.2023.0173.","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"93_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-025-03908-w","volume":"39","author":"E Santos-Neto","year":"2025","unstructured":"Santos-Neto E, Dantas DO, Amaral DC, Castro Neto FC, Louzada RN, Alves MR. Changes in accommodation and vergence parameters with topical use of 0.025% and 0.05% atropine in myopes aged 7\u201317 years. Eye 2025;39:2664\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-025-03908-w.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"93_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.808440","volume":"13","author":"H Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li H, Zhang L, Tian H, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang H, et al. Effect of 0.01% atropine on accommodation in myopic teenagers. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:808440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.808440.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"93_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2022.2033603","volume":"106","author":"B Cyphers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cyphers B, Huang J, Walline JJ. Symptoms and ocular findings associated with administration of 0.01% atropine in young adults. Clin Exp Optom. 2023;106:311\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08164622.2022.2033603.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"93_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-025-01257-1","volume":"14","author":"W Pan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pan W, Wu H, Tang Y, Yang Y, Xu Q, Luo Z, et al. Resolution of near-work-related effects after 0.05% atropine: secondary analysis of a prospective study. Ophthalmol Ther. 2025;14:3047\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40123-025-01257-1.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"93_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0297-y","volume":"16","author":"CY Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee CY, Sun CC, Lin YF, Lin KK. Effects of topical atropine on intraocular pressure and myopia progression. BMC Ophthalmol. 2016;16:114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-016-0297-y.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"93_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.6.34","volume":"66","author":"B Lal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lal B, Queener HM, Ostrin LA. Dose-dependent effects of atropine on static and dynamic pupil and accommodation metrics in young adults. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025;66:34 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.66.6.34.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"93_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000414","volume":"10","author":"HDM Tran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tran HDM, Sankaridurg P, Naduvilath T, Ha TTX, Tran TD, Jong M, et al. Meta-analysis assessing change in pupillary diameter, accommodative amplitude and efficacy of atropine for myopia control. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol. 2021;10:450\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/APO.0000000000000414.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"93_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1227787","volume":"14","author":"P Hou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hou P, Wu D, Nie Y, Wei H, Liu L, Yang G. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of different doses of atropine for myopia control in children: a meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1227787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1227787.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"93_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2023.08.20","volume":"16","author":"XL Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei XL, Wu T, Dang KR, Hu KK, Lu XT, Gong M, et al. Efficacy and safety of atropine at different concentrations in prevention of myopia progression in Asian children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol. 2023;16:1326\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18240\/ijo.2023.08.20.","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44402-026-00093-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44402-026-00093-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44402-026-00093-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T14:35:56Z","timestamp":1783694156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44402-026-00093-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["93"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44402-026-00093-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-5408","1475-1313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-5408","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-1313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}